Answer:
windmill, device for tapping the energy of the wind by means of sails mounted on a rotating shaft. The sails are mounted at an angle or are given a slight twist so that the force of wind against them is divided into two components, one of which, in the plane of the sails, imparts rotation.
Explanation:
The use of windmills was increasingly widespread in Europe from the 12th century until the early 19th century. Their slow decline, because of the development of steam power, lasted for a further 100 years. Their rapid demise began following World War I with the development of the internal-combustion engine and the spread of electric power; from that time on, however, electrical generation by wind power has served as the subject of more and more experiments
To work efficiently, the sails of a windmill must face squarely into the wind, and in the early mills the turning of the post-mill body, or the tower-mill cap, was done by hand by means of a long tailpole stretching down to the ground. In 1745 Edmund Lee in England invented the automatic fantail. This consists of a set of five to eight smaller vanes mounted on the tailpole or the ladder of a post mill at right angles to the sails and connected by gearing to wheels running on a track around the mill
The most important use of the windmill was for grinding grain. In certain areas its uses in land drainage and water pumping were equally important. The windmill has been used as a source of electrical power since P. La Cour’s mill, built in Denmark in 1890 with patent sails and twin fantails on a steel tower. Interest in the use of windmills for the generation of electric power, on both single-user and commercial scales, revived in the 1970s.
Choose the picture of how the Earth would move if you "turned off the gravity forces
Answer:
I think the answer is d; as the object is revolving around the earth in a circular motion due to centripetal force provided by gravity and if you "turned off" the gravity then it would tend to continue away from the planet but in the same direction.
What is the net force in this image?
Answer:
D
Explanation:
If we ignore certain factors, then the net force is 0N, because we have two equal but opposite forces (10N-10N).
a car with a mass of 1000-liogram accerlerates from rest, and travels a distanceof 48 meters druing its first 4.0 seconds of uniform acceleration. what is its velocity at this points?
24 m/s will be the velocity at this point .
What is velocity?
Velocity is the directional velocity of a moving object, observed from a given frame of reference and indicating the rate of change of position measured at a given time reference (eg 60 km/h northward). Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of bodies.
Velocity is a physical vector quantity. The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called velocity, and its magnitude is a consistent derived unit measured in the SI (metric) system as meters per second (m/s or m⋅s−1). For example, "5 meters/second" is a scalar, but "5 meters/second east" is a vector. An object is said to be accelerating if its velocity, direction, or both change.
when v= u + at and v2-u2=2as , where u=0 ,t=4 , S = 48 m , manipulate the data and fine the answer.
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[14] if you are going to measure current in a circuit, and that desired current passes through an existing resistor in the circuit, what method would you choose? b. [15] if you are going to measure current in a circuit, and that desired current does not pass through an existing resistor in the circuit, what method would you choose?
(a) If am going to measure the current and that desired current passes through I will an existing resistor to find the current using ohm's Law.
V= IR
Using the ohms Law another variable we can find is let Lenovo. To find Current any variable with two
The voltage & resistance.
So, I = V R
R is to be known.
If V= 1.5V, Then T= 1-5 100 = 0.015 Ampere
R = 100-2
But this is theoretical as the wire the load and even the supply have internal resistance. we Considering Also there are superconductors with zero resistance due to their properties in negative temperatures.
b) measure the current and the desired current doe as to not pass through the existing resistor,
Theoretically, if there is no resistance then it is a short Circu and the current will be infinite But Practically wires have resistance and simply I will find the Kurrent value by breaking the with and connecting the circuit.
We measure the current using a so-called ammeter. Some types of ammeters have a pointer on the dial but most have a digital display. Ammeters must be connected in series to measure the current flowing through the components in the circuit. There are two ways to measure current. One is based on electromagnetism and is associated with the early moving coil meter. The other is based on Ohm's Law, the main theory of electricity.
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The fastest recorded pitch in Major League Baseball, thrown by Aroldis Chapman in 2010, was clocked at 169.14 km/h (105.1 mi/h). If a pitch were thrown horizontally with this velocity, what would the ball's vertical displacement be by the time it reached home plate, 18.3 m (60.0 ft) away?
Answer:
The ball would fall vertically for 112.45m
Explanation:
The vertical height of a horizontal throw is affected only by the speed of the throw and the acceleration due to gravity.
At this point, we may use this formula to determine the vertical height of the throw
vertical height =
The initial throwing speed has to be converted to m/s to ensure uniformity during the calculations. To do this we multiply by 1000 and divide by 3600
169.1km/hr = 46.972m/s
Maximum height = m
The pitch would make the ball fall vertically for 112.45m by the time it reached the home plate 18.2 m away
Answer:
The ball's vertical displacement 5.7 cm
Explanation:
Given:
V₀ = 169.14 m
D = 18.3 m
g = 9,81 m/s²
____________
Δh - ?
Ball flight time:
t = D / V₀ = 18.3 / 169.14 ≈ 0.108 s
The ball's vertical displacement:
Δh = g·t² / 2
Δh = 9.81·0.108² / 2 ≈ 0,057 m or 5.7 cm
A balloon tied up with a wooden piece is moving upward with velocity of 15 m/s. At a height of 300 m above the ground, the wooden piece is detached from the balloon. How much time will it take to reach the ground?
Time will it take to reach the ground is 9.3second
What is acceleration?
The velocity of an object may change due to an increase or reduction in speed or a change in direction of motion. The fall of an apple, the moon orbiting the earth, or a car stopped at a traffic light are all examples of acceleration. We can see from these examples that acceleration occurs when the direction of a moving object changes or its speed increases or decreases.
Acceleration is a vector quantity defined as the rate at which an object's velocity varies. If an object's velocity changes, it is accelerating.
If a person is moving quickly, sports announcers will occasionally state that he or she is accelerating. However, acceleration has nothing to do with speed. A person can be travelling very quickly yet not accelerating. Acceleration is the process of modifying the rate at which an object moves. If an object's velocity does not change, it is not accelerating. The data on the right indicate an accelerating object travelling northward. The velocity of the object changes throughout time.
We are using second equation of motion
s= ut+1/2[tex]t^{2}[/tex]
300=-15T +1/2*(10)[tex]T^{2}[/tex]
t = 9.3 second
Time will it take to reach the ground is 9.3second
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Drag each description into the type of weathering that ur describes
Note: Can you please add a screenshot? So I can help you out.
The larger the frequency of a photon of light, the _______ the energy of the photon.
The larger the frequency of a photon of light, the increase the energy of the photon.
As frequency increases, the energy of emitted photons will increase. The opposite is also actual. as the frequency of radiation decreases, there may be a corresponding lower in the power of emitted photons.
The higher the frequency, the more energy the photon has. Of path, a beam of mild has many photons. This means that absolutely intense purple light can bring more electricity to a given area than less severe blue light.
The quantity of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and consequently, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the wavelength. The better the photon's frequency, the better its energy. Equivalently, the longer the photon's wavelength, the decrease its power.
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Imagine that you jump out of an airplane and wait 3.8 seconds before pulling the parachute.
a. How fast are you going when you pull the chute?
b. How far have you fallen before you pull the chute?
While pulling the speed is 37.24 m/s and distance before 70.76 m
Acceleration due to gravity
a = 9.8 m/s2
a. by the equation of motion
V = U + at
= 0 + (9.8 m/s2) ×(3.8 s)
= 37.24 m/s
b. distance fallen
S = ut + (1/2)at
= 0 + (1/2)×9.8×3.82
= 70.76 m
A parachute acts like a wing on an airplane though it acts with the same force as a human when falling. The T-11's main canopy uses a unique deployment sequence to reduce shock and canopy vibration when opening. The T-11 is designed for an average descent velocity of 19 feet per second for the 95th percentile service member, compared to 24 feet per second for the T-10C.
Even if the main parachute fails he can use his backup parachute to land. There are even tactics you can use to increase your chances of surviving a free fall to Earth if your reserves also fail. So if you have two parachutes of the same size and shape but different materials and one is heavier than the other the heavier parachute will fall faster.
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which answer best describes the second law of thermodynamics as it is used in engineering thermodynamics?
A control volume's time rate of entropy change is equal to the rate of entropy generated inside the control volume plus the rate of entropy entering or leaving the control volume through mass transfer.
A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently associated with the scientific concept of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical property. In other words, entropy is the increase in disorganization within a system. It is defined as the measurement of degree of randomness. A physical principle based on observed interactions between heat and energy, the second law of thermodynamics is applicable to all situations. A straightforward explanation of the law is that, without an energy source to change the direction of heat flow, heat always travels from hotter to cooler objects. The overall entropy of a system never decreases; according to the second law of thermodynamics, it always either rises or stays the same.
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From the information given in the diagram below, find the coefficient of friction between
the 43 kg box and the surface on which it is pulled. Note that the box is accelerating at
0.79 m/s2.
Answer:
μ = 0.55
Explanation:
Given:
m = 43 kg
a = 0.79 m/s²
F pull = 265 N
_____________
μ - ? Friction coefficient
2 Newton's law:
m·a = Fpull - μ·m·g
μ·m·g = Fpull - m·a
Friction coefficient:
μ = (Fpull - m·a) / (m·g)
μ = (265 - 43·0.79) / (43·9.8) ≈ 0.55
A metal sphere with a mass of 0.020 kg rolls along a friction-less surface at 3.2 m/s and strikes a stationary sphere having a mass of 0.041 kg. The first sphere stops completely. The spheres are in contact for 0.005 s before the second sphere is shot off down the track. What is the force applied to the second ball?
Answer:
Kinetic energy
Explanation:
Kinetic = movement or something
the ball moved, sounds like kinetic.
Consider a box resting on a horizontal surface. The box has a mass of 2.13 kg and the coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is 0.151. Determine the force that must be applied down at a 37.8º angle to the horizontal to make the box start moving.
The force that must be applied down at an angle of 37.8° to the horizontal to make the box start moving is 3.99 N.
What is force?Force is obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its acceleration.
To calculate the force that must be applied to make the box start moving, we use the formula below.
Formula:
F = mgμ/cos∅......... Equation 1Where:
F = Force applied to the boxm = Mass of the boxg = Acceleration due to gravityμ = Cofficient of static friction∅ = AngleFrom the question,
Given:
m = 2.13 kgg = 9.8 m/sμ = 0.151∅ = 37.8°Substitute these values into equation 1
F = (2.13×9.8×0.151)/(cos37.8°)F = 3.99 NHence, the force that must be applied to the box is 3.99 N.
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How does the angle at which a ray of light strikes a pane of window glass compare with the angle at which it passes out the other side?.
The angle at which a ray of light leaves the other side of a window pane is the same as the angle at which it strikes the glass.
What is refraction of light?Refraction is the change in direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another or from a gradual to a sudden change in the medium.
When a wave of light passes from one medium to another, its direction is changed. This phenomenon is called refraction. It occurs because the speed of light is different in different media.
The amount of refraction that occurs depends on the difference in the speed of light in the two media, and the angle at which the light wave is incident on the boundary between the two media. The greater the difference in the speed of light, the greater the amount of refraction. The angle of incidence also affects the amount of refraction; the greater the angle, the greater the refraction.
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a movie camera with a single lens (has a converging lens) of focal length 75 mm takes a picture of a 180 cm high person standing 2.7 m away. what is the position of the image of the person? (write the value in cm and use only one decimal place).
The position of the image of the person is 0.5 cm.
What is meant by focal length?An optical system's focal length is the inverse of its optical power; it indicates how strongly the system converges or diverges light. A positive focal length system converges light, while a negative focal length system diverges light.
The rays are bent more sharply in a system with a shorter focal length, bringing them closer to focus or diverging them faster. For the special case of a thin lens in air, a positive focal length is the distance over which initially collimated (parallel) rays are brought to a focus.
Given,
Focal length=75mm
Height of the person=2.7m
f=((1/f)-(1/p))⁻¹
f=fp/p-f
Thus, the height of the image is
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=m[tex]h_{p}[/tex]
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=(i/p)[tex]h_{p}[/tex]
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=f[tex]h_{p}[/tex]/p-f
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=(75mm)(1.80m)/(27m-0.075m)
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=5mm
[tex]h_{i}[/tex]=0.5 cm
The position of the image of the person is 0.5 cm
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a perfectly elastic collision is a collision: a perfectly elastic collision is a collision: between two springs. that conserves thermal energy. that conserves kinetic energy. that conserves potential energy. that conserves mechanical energy. submitrequest answer
perfect elastic collusion is a collision that conserves kinetic energy.
in physics, an elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies where the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same. In an ideal, perfectly elastic collision, no kinetic energy is converted into other forms such as heat, noise, or potential energy
The main reason why there is no loss of energy is because of the lack of collusion. it can be either one-dimensional or two dimensional
The linear momentum of the system as a whole does not change, but the individual momentums of the components involved change, being equal and opposite in magnitude, canceling each other out, and conserving the initial energy
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3. below is a 4-bit up-counter. what is the largest number of the counter if the initial state q3q2q1q0
The largest number is 1111. Option A.
The initial state in a state or activity diagram. Represents the state of an object before the events contained in the diagram act on it. Transitions from initial states are usually unlabeled and represent transitions to enclosing states. A final state marks the end of the execution flow of a state machine or region.
Can have multiple incoming transitions but no outgoing transitions. Each region can have at most one final state. For orthogonal regions, execution flow stops when all region end conditions are reached. In quantum state terms, colliding particles form an initial state. In a collision, particles can be annihilated and/or exchanged resulting in a different set of particles in the final state.
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A 210 W heater is placed in 2kg of water and switched on for 200 seconds.
A: How much energy does the heater supply
B: Assuming that no thermal energy is lost, what is the temperature rise of water?
A. The amount of heat energy the heater supply is 42000 J
B. The temperature rise of the water is 5 °C
A. How do I determine the energy supplied by the heater?
We can determine the heat energy supplied by the heater as illustrated below:
Power (P) = 210 WattsTime (t) = 200 secondsEnergy (E) = ?Electrical power = Electrical eneryg / time
210 = Energy / 200
Cross multiply
Energy = 210 × 200
Energy = 42000 J
Thus, the energy supplied is 42000 J
B. How do I determine the temperature rise?
The temperature rise of the water can be obtained as follow:
Heat supplied (Q) = 42000 JMass of water (M) = 2 KgSpecific heat capacity of water (C) = 4184 J/KgºC Temperature rise (ΔT) =?Q = MCΔT
42000 = 2 × 4184 × ΔT
42000 = 8368 × ΔT
Divide both sides by 8368
ΔT = 42000 / 8368
ΔT = 5 °C
Thus, the temperature rise is 5 °C
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a 4-kg mass of gas expands adiabatically and does 20 j of work. what is the change in the gas's internal energy?
There is a change of -20 J in the gas's internal energy.
Adiabatic expansion is the method of volume expansion in which no heat is exchanged inside the system from the surrounding, or the heat exchange is zero. During extension, the exchange of energy takes put as work.Since we given with 4-kg mass of gas expands adiabatically and does 20 j of work.
According to the first law of thermodynamics
ΔQ = ΔU + W
where Q is the heat supply or received, U is the internal energy and W is the work done
since in case adiabatic process , ΔQ = 0
so, ΔU = -ΔW
wince a work done is done by the system, so the work done = +20 J
ΔU = -(+20) = -20 J
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8. assume pulleys and ropes are massless and frictionless. the surface with the 80 kg block has a coefficient of kinetic friction
The coefficient of kinetic friction ∝=9.81
Given that mass of block is 80kg .
Pulleys and ropes are massless and frictionless.
Coefficient of kinetic friction ∝ means the ratio of kinetic friction force of contacting surfaces to normal force .
Being a ratio parameter its unitless parameter.
[tex]F= mg\\\\F=\alpha N[/tex]
from these equations
[tex]mg=\alpha N[/tex]
Since there is no involvement of tension, g=∝
∝=9.81
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The scientific method is a process, consisting of steps that need to be followed in order to answer questions to observations we may have about the world around us.
true or false
True.
According to Merriam-Webster:
"principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses"
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The SCIENTIFIC METHOD is the process of establishing facts through experiments and tests. The process includes getting an observation, making hypothesis, making a prediction, implementing the experiment and submitting the analysis report.
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If you pour hot soup into a bowl, and the bowl stays cool to the touch, you can assume that
A
the bowl is a good insulator of heat.
B
the bowl is a good conductor of heat.
C
the bowl’s temperature cannot be measured.
D
the bowl transfers most of its heat through radiation.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
since it did not absorb the heat then it is an insulator
A rock climber carries his 15,000 g backpack to the top of the cliff.
What is the MASS, in kg, of the backpack?
Main answer- the mass of the backpack is 1.53kgs
Supporting answer- The mass of the body is the quantity of matter contained in it .
weight of a body is defined the amount of mass or heaviness of the body
Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity
Body of the answer- Given ,
weight of backpack = 15000g = 15kgs
mass = weight of the body
acceleration due to gravity
mass of the bag = 15 kgs
9.8
= 1.53 kgs
Final answer- hence mass of the backpack is 1.53kgs
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the impulse one ball receives is equal to the blank force on it from the other ball multiplied by the time during which the force is applied. by newton's third law the force that the rubber ball exerts on the steel ball is blank the force t
The impulse one ball receives is equal to average force on it from the other ball multiplied by the time during which the force is applied
The impulse one ball receives is equal to average force on it from the other ball multiplied by the time during which the force is applied. By newton's third law the force that the rubber ball exerts on the steel ball is equal to the force that steel ball exerts on rubber ball. So the rubber ball receives the same amount of impulse , although the directions of impulse are opposite.
Jx = Fx Δt
Jx = Impulse acting on x
Fx = Average force acting on x ( Answer 1 )
Δt = Period of time
Jrubber = Frubber * Δt
Jsteel = Fsteel * Δt
According to Newton's third law,
Frubber = - F steel ( Answer 2 )
Jrubber = - Fsteel * Δt
Jrubber = - Jsteel ( Answer 3 and 4 )
Therefore, the answers are,
AverageEqual toThe sameOppositeThe given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Suppose a rubber ball collides head-on with a more massive steel ball traveling in the opposite direction with equal speed. Which ball, if either, receives the larger impulse?
The impulse one ball receives is equal to the ___ force on it from the other ball multiplied by the time during which the force is applied. By Newton's third law the force that the rubber ball exerts on the steel ball is ___ the force the steel ball exerts on the rubber ball So the rubber ball receives ___ amount of impulse, although the directions of the impulses are ___
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Claify each planet a an inner planet or an outer planet. Planet A ha 67 moon, and
major part of it atmophere
are hydrogen and helium. Planet B ha ring but
not much atmophere. Planet C ha no moon but
ha high volcanic activity
Known a the red planet, planet
D ha high amount of carbon
dioxide in it atmophere and
ha two moon. Planet E ha a thin layer of
atmophere but no moon due
to the effect of the Sun’ gravity. Planet F ha 27 moon, and it
atmophere i motly compoed
of hydrogen, helium, and methane
The inner planets are Planets C , D and E.
The outer planets are Planets A. B and F.
How many types of planets are there in our Solar System?
Astronomers frequently divide our Solar System's planets into two groups: the inner planets and the outer planets.
Inner Planets
Due to their position, nearer to the Sun, the inner planets are smaller and more rocky. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets, which are listed in order of proximity to the sun from closest to farthest. The four inner planets are referred to as "terrestrial planets" because they have solid surfaces and, as suggested by their names, are fairly similar to Earth. However, the term can be deceptive because the conditions on each of the four worlds vary greatly. They have either no moons or few moons, are primarily composed of heavy metals like iron and nickel, and are small in size.Outer Planets
The outer planets are much larger in size, farther distant, and mostly composed of gas.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer planets that appear after an asteroid belt.The outer planets are large, gas-encased planets that are also referred to as gas giants or Jovian planets. Each has a large number of moons and each has rings. Even though they are large, only Jupiter and Saturn are visible without telescopes. Astronomers learned the solar system was larger than previously believed when Uranus and Neptune, the first planets identified since antiquity, were discovered.On the basis of the above comparison the planets in the question are classified as-
Planet A - Outer Planet as has 67 moon, and major part of it atmophere are hydrogen and helium.
Planet B - Outer Planet as has ring but not much atmophere.
Planet C - Inner Planet as has no moon but has high volcanic activity
Planet D - Inner Planet as has high amount of carbon dioxide in it atmophere and has two moon
Planet E - Inner Planet as has a thin layer of atmophere but no moon due to the effect of the Sun’ gravity
Planet F - Outer Planet as it has 27 moon, and it has atmophere mostly composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane
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A boat with a mass of 1000 kg drifts with the current down a straight section of river parallel to the +x axis with a speed of 2.0 m/s. At t 0 the boat engages its engines, and accelerates at 2.7 m/s7. If the boat is oriented with its nose 45 from the +x axis, which of the following is a possible value for the boat's momentum at t- 3.0 s after the engine had started?
8100 kgm/s is a possible value for the boat's momentum at t- 3.0 s after the engine had started
m=1000kg
a=2.7 m/s^2
t=3
I=F/t
I=2700/2
I=900
F×t=P
P = momentum
t=time
f= force
F×t=P
P=2700×3
P=8100 kgm/s
Momentum is the result of a particle's mass and velocity combined. A vector quantity with both magnitude and direction is momentum. A particle's force is equal to its rate of change in momentum over time, which is stated in Isaac Newton's second equation of motion.
Any grouping of particles has a momentum equal to the vector sum of its momenta. The third law of Newton asserts that forces between particles are equal and opposite, and that any change in one particle's momentum is totally counterbalanced by a similar change in another particle's momentum.
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Read the question, and write your response in the space provided.
20. A force of 6.2 x 10' N is needed to blast off a 5.0 x 10³ kg rocket from rest.
What is the rocket's average acceleration?
Answer: 124m/s2
Explanation: I'm pretty sure this is correct, if it is not I'm sorry, and have a good day!
which of the following best describes this collision? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following best describes this collision? perfectly elastic partially inelastic perfectly inelastic
The best description of inelastic and elastic collisions is perfectly inelastic.
What are inelastic and elastic collisions?Collisions occur when one object strikes аnother. There аre two types of collisions:
Inelаstic collisions: momentum is conserved,Elаstic collisions: momentum is conserved аnd kinetic energy is conserved.Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question was
An inelastic collision is a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved. In a partially inelastic collision, kinetic energy is lost, but the objects colliding do not stick together. From this information, you can infer what completely inelastic and elastic collisions are.
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In lab we applied the conservation of energy to a system to allow us to equate the initial energy to the final energy. How does the initial energy become stored in the system?.
The initial energy becomes stored in the system by the tension in the string.
What is energy in physic?Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy cаn exists in mаny different forms. Аll forms of energy аre either kinetic or potentiаl. The energy аssociаted with motion is cаlled kinetic energy. The energy аssociаted with position is cаlled potentiаl energy. Potentiаl energy is not "stored energy". Energy cаn be stored in motion just аs well аs it cаn be stored in position.
А tension force is а force developed in а rope, string, or cаble when stretched under аn аpplied force. It is the force generаted when а loаd is аpplied аt the ends of аn object, normаlly to the cross-section of it. It cаn аlso be cаlled the pulling force, stress, or tension. This type of force is only exerted when there is contаct between а cаble аnd аn object. Tension аlso аllows force to be trаnsferred аcross relаtively lаrge distаnces.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
a. The energy is supplied by the tension in the string.
b. The energy is part of the mass.
c. The force of Gravity does work on the mass when it is displaced some height when the pendulum is displaced by some angle theta.
d. I did work on the mass by dispacing it some height when I displaced the pendulum by some angle theta.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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the truck suffers less damage because it is made of stronger metal. but what about the two drivers? do they experience the same forces? to answer this question, suppose that each vehicle is initially moving at 8.00 m/s and that they undergo a perfectly inelas- tic head-on collision. each driver has mass 80.0 kg. including the masses of the drivers, the total masses of the
The force experienced by the truck driver is lesser than the force experienced by a car driver in a perfectly inelastic collision.
According to law of conservation of momentum,
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2
After perfect inelastic collision,
v1 = v2
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = ( m1 + m2 ) v
u1 = 8 m / s
u2 = - 8 m / s
m1 = 3800 kg
m2 = 830 kg
Substituting the known values,
( 3800 * 8 ) - ( 830 * 8 ) = ( 3800 + 830 ) v
30400 - 6640 = 4630 v
v = 6.43 m / s
Since final velocity is positive, the vehicles will move the direction of truck after collision.
For the truck,
a = ( 6.43 - 8 ) / 0.15
a = - 10.48 m / s²
F = 3800 * - 10.48
F = - 39.83 KN
For the car,
a = ( 6.43 - ( - 8 ) ) / 0.15
a = 96.2 m / s²
F = 830 * 96.2
F = 79.85 KN
I Ft I < I Fc I
Therefore, the force experienced by the truck driver is lesser than the force experienced by a car driver.
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Most of us know intuitively that in a head-on collision between a large dump truck and a subcompact car, you are better off being in the truck than in the car. Why is this? Many people imagine that the collision force exerted on the car is much greater than that experienced by the truck. To substantiate this view, they point out that the car is crushed, whereas the truck is only dented. This idea of unequal forces, of course, is false. Newton's third law tells us that both objects experience forces of the same magnitude. The truck suffers less damage because it is made of stronger metal. But what about the two drivers? Do they experience the same forces? Suppose that each vehicle is initially moving at 6.40 m/s and that they undergo a perfectly inelastic head-on collision. Each driver has mass 81.0 kg. Including the drivers, the total vehicle masses are 830 kg for the car and 3800 kg for the truck. The collision time is 0.150 s.
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