Answer:
i wil do it asap asap
Explanation:
asap asap
Cornerstone Exercise 7-21 (Algorithmic) Units-of-Production Depreciation Irons Delivery Inc. purchased a new delivery truck for $42,000 on January 1, 2019. The truck is expected to have a $2,000 residual value at the end of its 5-year useful life. Irons uses the units-of-production method of depreciation. Irons expects the truck to run for 150,000 miles. The actual miles driven in 2019 and 2020 were 41,000 and 36,000, respectively. Required: Prepare the journal entry to record depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Do not round intermediate calculations.
Answer:
2019
Debit : Depreciation Expense $11,070
Credit : Accumulated Depreciation $11,070
2020
Debit : Depreciation Expense $9,720
Credit : Accumulated Depreciation $9,720
Explanation:
Step 1 : Determine the rate of depreciation
Rate of Depreciation = (Cost - Residual Value) ÷ Estimated Production
= ($42,000 - $2,000) ÷ 150,000 miles
= $0.26666 or $0.27
Step 2 : Determine the Depreciation Expense
Depreciation Expense = Units for the period x Rate of Depreciation
therefore.
Depreciation Expense - 2019 = $0.27 x 41,000
= $11,070
Depreciation Expense - 2020 = $0.27 x 36,000
= $9,720
Step 3 : Journal entries
2019
Debit : Depreciation Expense $11,070
Credit : Accumulated Depreciation $11,070
2020
Debit : Depreciation Expense $9,720
Credit : Accumulated Depreciation $9,720
Implying Bad News (L.O. 3) YOUR TASK Revise the following statements to imply the bad news. If possible, use passive-voice verbs and subordi-nate clauses to further de-emphasize the bad news. DIRECT REFUSAL: We cannot send you a price list, nor can we sell our lawn mowers directly to customers. We sell only through authorized dealers, and your dealer is HomeCo. IMPLIED REFUSAL: Our lawn mowers are sold only through authorized dealers, and your dealer is HomeCo.
a. We are sorry to tell you that we cannot ship our hand-dipped chocolate-covered fresh strawberries c.o.d. Your order was not accompanied by payment, so we are not shipping it. We have it ready, though, and will rush it to its destination as soon as you call us with your credit card number.
b. Unfortunately, we find it impossible to contribute to your excellent and worthwhile fund-raising campaign this year. At present all the funds of our organization are needed to lease equipment and offices for our new branch in Scottsdale. We hope to be able to support this commendable endeavor in the future.
c. Because of the holiday period, all our billboard space was used this month. Therefore, we are sorry to say that we could not give your charitable group free display space. However, next month, after the holidays, we hope to display your message as we promised.
Answer:
Implying Bad News
Direct Refusal Implied Refusal
a. Our hand-dipped chocolate-covered fresh strawberries
are prepaid before delivery.
b. Our contribution to your fundraising campaign will not be
forthcoming this year.
c. Our billboard space was used up this month. We shall
display your message from next month.
Explanation:
Implied refusal or bad news is a manner of indirectly presenting information such that the refusal or bad news is not explicitly stated. This implies that the message is coded by the sender to lessen the bad effect on the recipient. It is only left for a discerning recipient to untangle the truth behind the message.
Javonte Co. set standards of 2 hours of direct labor per unit of product and $16.10 per hour for the labor rate. During October, the company uses 13,000 hours of direct labor at a $211,900 total cost to produce 6,700 units of product. In November, the company uses 17,000 hours of direct labor at a $277,950 total cost to produce 7,100 units of product.
AH= Actual Hours
SH =Standard Hours
AR =Actual Rate
SR =Standard Rate
Required:
a. Compute the direct labor rate variance, the direct labor efficiency variance, and the total direct labor cost variance for each of these two months. Classify each variance as favorable or unfavorable.
b. Javonte investigates variances of more than 5% of actual direct labor cost. Which direct labor variances will the company investigate further?
Answer:
Part a.
October Labor Rate Variance (2600) unfavorable
October Labor Efficiency Variance 6440 favorable
Labor Cost Variance For October 3840 favorable
November Labor Rate Variance (4250) unfavorable
November Labor Efficiency Variance (45080) unfavorable
Labor Cost Variance For November 49330 unfavorable
Part b.
Direct labor Efficiency variance for November will be investigated further as it varies more than 5 % 0f actual direct labor cost.
Explanation:
Direct Labor Rate Variance For October
Time * Rate = Amount
Actual Hours Worked 13000 * 16.3 actual = 211900
Actual Hours Worked 13000 * 16.10 standard = 209300
Labor Rate Variance 0.2 (2600) unfavorable
When actual rate is greater than the standard rate the variance is unfavorable.
Direct Labor Rate Variance For November
Time * Rate = Amount
Actual Hours Worked 17000 * 16.35 actual = 277950
Actual Hours Worked 17000 * 16.10 standard = 273700
Labor Rate Variance 0.25 (4250) unfavorable
When actual rate is greater than the standard rate the variance is unfavorable.
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance for October
Time * Rate = Amount
Actual Hours Worked 13000 * 16.1 standard = 209300
Standard Hours Allowed 13400 * 16.10 standard = 215740
( 2* 6700)
Labor Efficiency Variance 400 6440 favorable
When actual hours are less than the standard hours allowed the variance is favorable.
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance for November
Time * Rate = Amount
Actual Hours Worked 17000 * 16.1 standard = 273700
Standard Hours Allowed 14200 * 16.10 standard = 228620
( 2* 7100)
Labor Efficiency Variance 2800 (45080) unfavorable
When actual hours are more than the standard hours allowed the variance is unfavorable.
Labor Cost Variance For October
Standard hours * standard rate- Actual hours * actual rate
13400 * 16.10- 13000 * 16.3
= 215740 -211900
=3840 favorable
Labor Cost Variance For November
Standard hours * standard rate- Actual hours * actual rate
14200 * 16.1 - 17000 * 16.35
= 228620 - 277950
=49330 unfavorable
Direct labor Efficiency variance for November will be investigated further as it varies more than 5 % 0f actual direct labor cost.
45080> 5% of 277950
5% of 277950 = 13897.5
13897.5 > 45080
Select the correct answer.
In terms of market research, which statement describes an advantage for businesses?
O Market research agencies always collect accurate market information, regardless of their client's guidance.
O Secondary sources are inexpensive and can meet any business's market research needs.
O Primary research methods, such as interviews, are highly reliable because respondents always give their honest opinions.
A business can explore new market opportunities with the help of accurate market research data.
Submit
Answer: A business can explore new market opportunities with the help of accurate market research data.
Explanation:
When market research data is accurate, a business is better able to know what consumers want and can therefore explore new opportunities to satisfy these needs and make healthy returns as a result.
If market research data is poor however, companies run the risk of either investing in a loss making venture or not investing in a potentially profitable venture because they did not know how profitable it would be.
Dogs R Us has two product lines: collars and leashes. Income statement data forecasted for next year is as follows: COLLARS LEASHES TOTAL Sales revenue $210,000 $150,000 $360,000 Variable expenses $135,000 $120,000 $255,000 Contribution margin $75,000 $30,000 $105,000 Fixed expenses $56,000 $38,000 $94,000 Operating income (loss) $19,000 ($8,000) $11,000 If $27,435 in fixed costs will be eliminated by dropping the LEASHES line, how will TOTAL operating income be affected after the Leashes line is dropped? If income drops, use a negative sign in front of the number.
Answer: -$2,565
Explanation:
Operating Income with the Leashes line is $11,000.
If the Leashes line is dropped, the operating income would be:
= Sales of Collars - Variable expenses - Fixed expenses of Collars - Residual fixed expenses pf Leashes
= 210,000 - 135,000 - 56,000 - (38,000 - 27,435)
= $8,435
Change in Total income = Income without Leashes - Income with LEASHES
= 8,435 - 11,000
= -$2,565
The total operating income will be affected up to the sum of ($2,565) after the Leashes line is dropped.
Given data
Operating Income with the Leashes line is $11,000.
Now, If the Leashes line is dropped:
Operating income = Sales of Collars - Variable expenses - Fixed expenses of Collars - Residual fixed expenses pf Leashes
Operating income = 210,000 - 135,000 - 56,000 - (38,000 - 27,435)
Operating income = $8,435
Change in Total income = Income without Leashes - Income with Leashes
Change in Total income = $8,435 - $11,000
Change in Total income = -$2,565
Therefore, the total operating income will be affected up to the sum of ($2,565) after the Leashes line is dropped.
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Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $36 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally:
Per Unit 15,000 Units Per Year
Direct materials $9 $135,000
Direct labor 11 165,000
Variable manufacturing overhead 2 30,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 6* 90,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 13 195,000
Total cost $41 $615,000
Required:
a. Assuming that the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors, compute the total cost of making and buying the parts.
b. Should the outside supplier's offer be accepted?
c. Suppose that if the carburetors were purchased, Troy Engines, Ltd., could use the freed capacity to launch a new product. The segment margin of the new product would be $105,000 per year. Compute the total cost of making and buying the parts.
d. Should Troy Engines, Ltd., accept the offer to buy the carburetors for $31 per unit?
Cost of goods sold for a manufacturer equals cost of goods manufactured plus a. beginning finished goods inventory less ending finished goods inventory b. beginning work in process inventory less ending work in process inventory c. ending work in process inventory less beginning work in process inventory d. ending finished goods inventory less beginning finished goods inventory
Answer:
a. beginning finished goods inventory less ending finished goods inventory
Explanation:
Cost of goods sold for a manufacturer equals cost of goods manufactured plus beginning finished goods inventory less ending finished goods inventory.
Consider a firm with an EBIT of $559,000. The firm finances its assets with $1,090,000 debt (costing 6.4 percent) and 209,000 shares of stock selling at $15.00 per share. The firm is considering increasing its debt by $900,000, using the proceeds to buy back 84,000 shares of stock. The firm is in the 35 percent tax bracket. The change in capital structure will have no effect on the operations of the firm. Thus, EBIT will remain at $559,000. Calculate the EPS before AND after the change in capital structure and indicate changes in EPS. (Round your answers to 4 decimal places.) EPS before $ EPS after $ Difference $
Answer:
EPS before change in capital structure = $2.34
EPS after change in capital structure $3.45
Difference in EPS caused by the change ($1.11)
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
EBIT = $559,000
6.4% Debts = $1,090,000
Common stock = 209,000 shares at $15 per share
EPS before increasing debt:
EBIT = $559,000
Interest (69,760) (6.4% of $1,090,000)
Net income = $489,240
EPS = $489,240/209,000 = $2.34 per share
EPS after increasing debt:
New debt = $1,990,000 ($1,090,000 + $900,000)
New equity shares = 125,000 shares (209,000 - 84,000)
EBIT = $559,000
Interest (127,360) (6.4% of $1,990,000)
Net income = $431,640
EPS = $431,640/125,000 = $3.45 per share
EPS before change in capital structure = $2.34
EPS after change in capital structure $3.45
Difference in EPS caused by the change ($1.11)
According to the video, what tasks do Helpers-Production Workers commonly perform? Check all that apply. fetching and holding materials o supervising other workers o moving materials between work areas o managing budgets training assembly workers keeping records o cleaning machinery
Answer:
a,c,f,g
Explanation: its right!!!!
The tasks that Helpers-Production Workers commonly perform include:
Fetching and holding materialsMoving materials between work areasCleaning MachineryThe correct options are A, C, and E.
What is a production worker?Work that requires manual labor is done by production workers in settings that involve manufacturing or production. Their everyday tasks in an assembly line could include packaging, inspecting, and assembling products. In addition, they might control tools or machinery used in manufacturing.
They may also assist in training assembly workers and keeping records, but supervising other workers and managing budgets are typically not part of their job duties. Production worker assistants perform duties on the factory floor by providing supplies, holding tools, and cleaning workspaces and machinery. Production worker assistants may run and load machinery as well as do small adjustments and repairs.
Thus, the ideal selections are options A, C, and E.
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On January 1, 2022, the Hermann Company ledger shows Equipment $36,000 and Accumulated Depreciation $13,600. The depreciation resulted from using the straight-line method with a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $2,000. On this date, the company concludes that the equipment has a remaining useful life of only 2 years with the same salvage value. Compute the revised annual depreciation. The revised annual depreciation $enter the revised annual depreciation in dollars
Answer:
Annual depreciation= $10,200
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Purchase price= $36,000
Accumulated depreciation= $13,600
Salvage value= $2,000
Useful life: 2 years
To calculate the revised annual depreciation, we need to use the following formula:
Annual depreciation= [(book value - salvage value)/estimated life (years)]
Book value= purchase price - accumulated depreciation
Book value= 36,000 - 13,600= $22,400
Annual depreciation= (22,400 - 2,000) / 2
Annual depreciation= $10,200
why employment laws might increase easyjet plc costs
Answer: rapid amount of turn around flights
Explanation: because it’s a low cost air line, it emphasises the rapid turn around flights and a lot of the customers now use mobile boarding passes. This gives them more customers
On December 31, 2020, Heffner Company had 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding and 30,000 shares of 7%, $100 par, cumulative preferred stock outstanding. On February 28, 2021, Heffner purchased 24,000 shares of common stock on the open market as treasury stock paying $45 per share. Heffner sold 6,000 of the treasury shares on September 30, 2021, for $47 per share. Net income for 2021 was $540,000. The income tax rate is 25%. Also outstanding at December 31, 2020, were fully vested incentive stock options giving key employees the option to buy 50,000 common shares at $40. The market price of the common shares averaged $50 during 2021. Five thousand 6% bonds were issued at par on January 1, 2021. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 125 shares of common stock. None of the bonds had been converted by December 31, 2021, and no stock options were exercised during the year. Required: Compute basic and diluted earnings per share for Heffner Company for 2021.
Answer: Basic earnings per share = $4.05
Diluted earnings per share = $0.71
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the basic earnings per share will be:
= [$540,000 - (7% x $100 x 30,000)] / [$100,000 - (24,000 x 10/12) + (6,000 x 3/12)]
= ($540,000 - $210,000) / ($100,000 - $20,000 + $1500)
= $330,000 / $81,500
= $4.05
The Diluted Earnings per share will be:
= [$540,000 - (7% x $100 x 30,000) + (5,000 x $1,000 x 6% x 60%)] / [$100,000 -(24,000 x 10/12) + (6,000 x 3/12) + (50,000 - ((50,000 x $40) / $50)) + (5,000 × 125)]
= [$540,000 - ($210,000) + ($180,000)] / [$100,000 -($20,000) + ($1500) + (50,000 - (($2,000,000) / $50)) + (5,000 × 125)]
= 510,000 / 716,500
=$0.71
Crane Co. has the following transactions related to notes receivable during the last 2 months of the year. The company does not make entries to accrue interest except at December 31.
Nov. 1 Loaned $66,600 cash to C. Bohr on a 12-month, 6% note.
Dec. 11 Sold goods to K. R. Pine, Inc., receiving a $7,200, 90-day, 6% note.
Dec. 16 Received a $9,600, 180-day, 8% note to settle an open account from A. Murdock.
Dec. 31 Accrued interest revenue on all notes receivable.
Required:
Journalize the transactions for Crane Company
Answer:
Nov 1
Debit : Note Receivable - C. Bohr $66,600
Credit : Cash $66,600
Dec. 11
Debit : Note Receivable - K. R. Pine, Inc. $7,200
Credit : Sales $7,200
Dec. 16
Debit : Cash $9,600
Credit : Note Payable - A. Murdock $9,600
Dec. 31
Debit : Note Receivable - C. Bohr $666
Debit : Note Receivable - K. R. Pine, Inc. $100.80
Credit : Interest Income $766.80
Dec 31
Debit : Interest expense $64
Credit : Note Payable - A. Murdock $64
Explanation:
Interest Income calculations :
Note Receivable - C. Bohr = $66,600 x 2/12 x 6 % = $666
Note Receivable - K. R. Pine, Inc = $7,200 x 21/ 90 x 6 % = $100.80
Interest expense calculations :
Note Payable - A. Murdock $9,600 x 15 / 180 x 8 % = $64
Explain the use of NBT
Which of the following situations illustrate the problem of unmeasured quality change in the construction of the CPI? Check all that apply. Increased personal computer purchases in response to a decline in their price More scoops of raisins in each package of Raisin Bran The invention of cell phones The introduction of air bags in cars Greater use of fuel-efficient cars after gasoline prices increase
Answer:
The introduction of air bags in cars
More scoops of raisins in each package of Raisin Bran
Explanation:
In the case when the quality of the prodcut would reduce from one year to the next year but the price would remains same so the dollar value would decline as the same amount would be charged but the quality would be worse in the other case the quality would rise so the price would also rised
Therefore the above represent the situations
Kenny is trying to sell his XBOX one; however, none of the potential buyers is willing to pay the price Kenny desires. Kenny's wife Zeynep, an economist, thinks this might be due to a lack of information on the part of buyers. Zeynep uses the concept of __________ to explain to Kenny why he cannot sell his XBOX one at the price he is asking
Answer: 2) Adverse selection
Explanation:
Adverse selection occurs when one party to the transaction has more information than the other and so can exploit this information to increase their benefit in the transaction.
Kenny has more information than the buyers in this situation as he knows what the Xbox One has and so is charging a certain price of it. The buyers do not know this information and so do not understand why that particular price is being charged and so refuse to pay it.
Which of the following would cause consumers to demand fewer slices of pizza?
A. an increase in the supply of pizza slices
B. a decrease in the supply of tacos
C. an increase in the price of pizza slices
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
All the others make the supply of pizza larger, or high demand
Identify a chart of accounts, using correct headings from the list of account titles below: Account Titles Chart of Accounts Accounts Payable Liabilities Accounts Receivable Assets Building Assets Cash Assets Equipment Assets Insurance Expense Expenses Prepaid Insurance Assets Rent Expense Expenses Service Fees Revenues Dunlop, Capital Owner's Equity Dunlop, Drawing Owner's Equity Supplies Assets Wage Expense Expenses Wages Payable
Answer:
The correct chart of accounts would be:
Assets
Cash
Supplies
Accounts Receivable
Prepaid Insurance
Equipment
Building
Liabilities
Wages Payable
Owners Equity
Capital Owners Equity
Expenses
Rent Expense
Wage Expense
Revenues
Services Fees Revenues
GUYS PLEASE HELP AND DONT STEAL MY POINT!! I WILL GIVE U BRAINLIEST!!!
You just bought your first new (used) car for $15,000. The car is out of factory warranty but the salesman can offer you an extended warranty that is 5 years, 50,000 miles, and covers the same items as a factory warranty for $2,000. Will you purchase it? Why or why not?
Answer:
I would buy it, one, because it's a warranty that is covered for 5 years, and two, because it covers everything that the factory warranty covers as well as up to 50,000 miles
Explanation:
During April, Cavy Company incurred factory overhead as follows:Indirect materials $10,500Factory supervision labor 4,000Utilities 500Depreciation (factory) 620Small tools 370Equipment rental 730Journalize the entry to record the factory overhead incurred during April. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Answer:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
April Factory Overhead $16,720
Indirect materials $10,500
Wages payable $4,000
Utilities payable $ 500
Accumulated Depreciation $ 620
Small tools $ 370
Equipment rental $ 730
Exercise 7-9 Percent of receivables method LO P3 a. Estimate the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts assuming the company uses 6% of total accounts receivable to estimate uncollectibles, instead of the aging of receivables method. b. Prepare the adjusting entry to record Bad Debts Expense using the estimate from part a. Assume the unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a $12,300 credit. c. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debts expense using the estimate from part a. Assume the unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a $1,300 debit.
Question Completion:
Assume that the Accounts Receivable balance is $570,000.
Answer:
a. The balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $34,200.
b. Adjusting Entry to record Bad Debts Expense:
Debit Bad Debts Expense $21,900
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $21,900
To record bad debts expense and bring the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to a credit balance of $34,200 ($21,900 +$12,300).
c. Adjusting Entry to record Bad Debts Expense:
Debit Bad Debts Expense $35,500
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $35,500
To record bad debts expense and bring the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to a credit balance of $34,200 ($35,500 - $1,300).
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Accounts receivable balance = $570,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $34,200 ($570,000 * 6%)
Unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $12,300 credit
Bad Debts Expense = $21,900 ($34,200 - $12,300)
Unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $1,200 debit
Bad Debts Expense = $35,500 ($34,200 + $1,300)
Economics
What would likely happen to the supply of electricians if their wages suddenly doubled?
HURRY
Answer:
it would be harder to get electricinans because it costs more
Explanation:
If the wages of electricians should double then the supply of electrician is also going to double.
What is Supply?This is an increase in the quantity of a good or service that is available at a given price.
There would be more electricians that would be willing to provide more of their labor at an increase in wage. They would like to work more.
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how can a business deal with employees who have lack of focus and future goals ?
Answer:
motivation
Explanation:
Encourage them,make them see vision .
Project L costs $45,000, its expected cash inflows are $11,000 per year for 8 years, and its WACC is 8%. What is the project's discounted payback
Answer:
5.155 year
Explanation:
The computation of the projected discounted payback period is shown below:
Year Inflow Present value Present value Cumulative PV
factor at 8%
1 11000 0.926 10186 10186
2 11000 0.857 9427 19613
3 11000 0.794 8734 28347
4 11000 0.735 8085 36432
5 11000 0.681 7491 43923
6 11000 0.631 6941 50864
7 11000 0.583 6413 57277
8 11000 0.540 5940 63217
Now
Discounted payback period is
= 5 year + (45000-43923) ÷ 6941
= 5 year + 0.155
= 5.155 year
Which of these provides a bank with collateral on a car loan?
A. A savings account
B. The car itself
o
C. The buyer's home
D. The driver's credit history
SUM
Answer:
B. The car itself.
Answer:
the car itself
Explanation:
Remi Corp. reported total sales of $550,000, at a price of $40 and per unit variable expenses of $23, for the sales of their single product. Total Per Unit Sales $550,000 $40 Variable Expenses $316,250 $23 Contribution Margin $233,750 $17 Fixed Expenses $155,000 Net Operating Income $78,750 What is the operating leverage at Remi Corp. (Round off to nearest decimal)
Answer:
See
Explanation:
With regards to the above, operating leverage is calculated by dividing contribution margin with net operating income.
Contribution margin = $233,750
Net operating income = $78,750
Therefore,
Operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income
= $233,750 / $78,750
= 2.97
Island Corporation owes Mutual Bank a 10% note payable for $100,000 plus $8,000 accrued interest. On October 1, 2018, Island and Mutual Bank execute an agreement whereby Island will pay Mutual $128,000 on the due date of the note on October 1, 2020. If the present value interest factor for two years at 10% is .82645, what will be the new note receivable balance for Mutual Bank
Answer:
$105,785
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what will be the new note receivable balance for Mutual Bank
Using this formula
New note receivable balance=Island payment to mutual*Present value interest factor
Let plug in the formula
New note receivable balance=128,000*.82645
New note receivable balance=$105,785
Therefore what will be the new note receivable balance for Mutual Bank is $105,785
Air Tampa has just been incorporated, and its board of directors is grappling with the question of optimal capital structure. The company plans to offer commuter air services between Tampa and smaller surrounding cities. Air Tampa believes it would have the same business risk as Jaxair, which is an airline that has been around for a few years and that has had zero growth. Jaxair's market-determined beta is 1.8, and it has a current market value debt ratio (total debt to total assets) of 45% and a federal-plus-state tax rate of 25%. Air Tampa expects to have investment tax credits when it begins business, which reduces its federal-plus-state tax rate to 15%. Air Tampa's owners expect that the total book and market value of the firm's stock, if it uses zero debt, would be $14 million. Air Tampa's CFO believes that the MM and Hamada formulas for the value of a levered firm and the levered firm's cost of capital should be used because zero growth is expected.
Required:
a. Estimate the beta of an unlevered firm in the commuter airline business based on Jaxair's market-determined beta.
b. Now assume that rd= rRF= 10% and that the market risk premium RPM for an unlevered commuter airline. 5%. Find the required rate of return on equity
c. Air Tampa is considering three capital structures: (1) $2 million debt, (2) $4 million debt, and (3) $6 million debt. Estimate Air Tampa's rs for these debt levels.
Answer:
a. Unlevered beta = 1.12
b. Required rate of return on equity = 15.60%
c-1. rs = 16.37%
c-2. rs = 17.40%
c-2. rs = 18.81%
Explanation:
a. Estimate the beta of an unlevered firm in the commuter airline business based on Jaxair's market-determined beta.
Levered beta = Unlevered beta * (1 + (D/S)(1 - T))
Therefore, we have:
Unlevered beta = Levered beta / (1 + (D/S)(1 - T)) .............. (1)
Where:
Levered beta = Jaxair's market-determined beta = 1.8
D = Debt ratio = 45%, or 0.45
S = Equity ratio = 1 - D = 1 - 0.45 = 0.55
T = Federal-plus-state tax rate = 25%, or 0.25
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Unlevered beta = 1.8 / (1 + (0.45/0.55)(1 - 0.25)) = 1.12
b. Now assume that rd= rRF= 10% and that the market risk premium RPM for an unlevered commuter airline. 5%. Find the required rate of return on equity
Required rate of return on equity = ro = Rf + beta(Rm - Rf) .............. (2)
Where;
rd = Rf = 10%, or 0.10
beta = Unlevered beta = 1.12
(Rm - Rf) = market risk premium = RPM for an unlevered commuter airline = 5%, or 0.05
Substituting the values into equation (2), we have:
Required rate of return on equity = ro = 10% + 1.12(5%) = 10% + (1.12 * 5%) = 15.60%
c. Air Tampa is considering three capital structures: (1) $2 million debt, (2) $4 million debt, and (3) $6 million debt. Estimate Air Tampa's rs for these debt levels.
c-1. $2 million debt
D = Debt = $2 million
Value of unlevered firm = $14 million
T = Tax rate at start-up = 15%, or 0.15
Value of lerevered firm = Value of unlevered firm + (Debt * T) = $14 + ($2 * 15%) = $14.30 million
S = Value of equity = Value of lerevered firm - Debt = $14.30 - $2 = $12.30 million
rs = ro + ((ro - rd) * (D / S) * (1 - T)) ................... (3)
Where;
ro = 15.60%
rd = Rf = 10%, or 0.10
D = Debt = $2 million
S = Value of equity = $12.30 million
T = Tax rate at start-up = 15%, or 0.15
Substituting the values into equation (3), we have:
rs = 15.60% + ((15.60% - 10%) * (2 / 12.30) * (1 - 0.15)) = 16.37%
c-2. $4 million debt
D = Debt = $4 million
Value of unlevered firm = $14 million
T = Tax rate at start-up = 15%, or 0.15
Value of lerevered firm = Value of unlevered firm + (Debt * T) = $14 + ($4 * 15%) = $14.60 million
S = Value of equity = Value of lerevered firm - Debt = $14.60 - $4 = $10.60 million
Substituting all the relevant values into equation (3), we have:
rs = 15.60% + ((15.60% - 10%) * (4 / 10.60) * (1 - 0.15)) = 17.40%
c-3. $6 million debt
D = Debt = $6 million
Value of unlevered firm = $14 million
T = Tax rate at start-up = 15%, or 0.15
Value of lerevered firm = Value of unlevered firm + (Debt * T) = $14 + ($6 * 15%) = $14.90 million
S = Value of equity = Value of lerevered firm - Debt = $14.90 - $6 = $8.90 million
Substituting all the relevant values into equation (3), we have:
rs = 15.60% + ((15.60% - 10%) * (6 / 8.90) * (1 - 0.15)) = 18.81%
REQUIRED: Prepare a detailed balance sheet. Listed below is a list of accounts and their respective balances for the Maximum Company: ADVERTISING EXPENSE $ 100,000 INSURANCE EXPENSE $ 100,000 OPERATING EXPENSES- OTHER $ 75,000 PURCHASES $ 50,000 REVENUES $ 1,000,000 SALARIES AND WAGES $250,000 Other Information: Inventory at the beginning of the year was $ 50,000 and at the end of the year was $ 40,000. Accrued wages of $ 5,000 have not been included in the above balances. Payroll taxes are 25% of Salaries and Wages. Total Fixed Assets equal $ 3,000,000 which breaks down as follows: Land- $750,000; Building and Equipment- $2,000,000; and Furniture- $250,000. For depreciation purposes, the XYZ Company uses the straight-line method. The depreciable assets have a useful life of 10 years and no residual value. XYZ has a long-term note of $ 1,000,000 and pays an interest rate of 10%. Rent is calculated as 1% of gross profit plus $500 per month. The XYZ pays income taxes at a rate of 25%. REQUIRED Prepare a detailed income statement.
Answer:
Maximum Company
Income Statement
Revenue $ 1,000,000
Less Cost of Sales
Beginning Inventory $ 50,000
Purchases $ 50,000
Less Ending Inventory ($40,000) ($60,000)
Gross Profit $940,000
Less Expenses
Salaries and Wages ($250,000 + $5,000) $255,000
Advertising expenses $100,000
Insurance expenses $100,000
Other Operating expenses $75,000
Depreciation $225,000
Interest expense $100,000
Rent expense $9,900
Payroll taxes $63,750 ($898,650)
Net Income before tax $41,350
Income tax expense ($10,338)
Net Income after tax $31,012
Explanation:
Depreciation expense :
Depreciation expense = (Cost - Salvage Value) ÷ Estimated Useful Life
therefore,
Depreciation expense = ($2,250,000) ÷ 10 = $225,000
Note :Land is not a depreciable asset
Interest expense :
Interest expense = $1,000,000 x 10% = $100,000
Rent expense :
Use the cost formula provided.
Rent expense = Gross profit x 1 % + $500
= $940,000 x 1 % + $500
= $9,900
Assume that a three-year Treasury note (T-note) has no maturity premium, and that the real risk-free rate of interest is 3 percent. If the T-note carries a nominal risk-free rate of return of 13 percent and if the expected average inflation rate over the next two years is 9 percent, what is the implied expected inflation rate during Year 3
Answer: 12%
Explanation:
First find the Inflation premium:
= Nominal risk free rate - Real risk free rate
= 13% - 3%
= 10%
Plug it into the following equation:
Inflation premium = { (2 * expected average inflation rate over the next two years) + Inflation rate for third year) } / 3
10% = { (2 * 9%) + 1₃} / 3
3 * 10% = { (2 * 9%) + 1₃}
30% = 18% + I₃
I₃ = 30% - 18%
I₃ = 12%