Answer:
the developer's first-year projection of townhome sales in the new community is $40.04
Explanation:
The computation of the developer's first-year projection of townhome sales in the new community is shown below:
= Number of Estimated home × market share × capture rate
= 1,400 × 13% × 22%
= $40.04
hence, the developer's first-year projection of townhome sales in the new community is $40.04
The same is to be considered
R. L. Ybarra employs John Ince at a salary of $53,000 a year. Ybarra is subject to employer Social Security taxes at a rate of 6.2% and Medicare taxes at a rate of 1.45% on John's salary. In addition, Ybarra must pay SUTA tax at a rate of 5.4% and FUTA tax at a rate of 0.8% on the first $7,000 of Ince's salary. Compute the total cost to Ybarra of employing Ince for the year. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
Answer: $57488.50
Explanation:
The total cost to Ybarra of employing Ince for the year will be calculated thus:
Gross Salary = $53,000
Add: Social security tax = $53000 × 6.2% = $3286
Add: Medicare tax = $53000 × 1.45% = $768.50
Add: SUTA tax = $7000 × 5.4% = $378
Add: FUTA tax = $7000 × 0.8% = $56
Total cost to Ybarra of employing Ince will be $57488.50
Market leader in the confectionery industry, Jelly Belly, the jelly bean manufacturer, must keep coming up with new flavors. In 2011, it released its Soda Pop Shoppe collection, which was developed after company employees were asked to suggest as many potential new jelly beans tastes as they could without being criticized for any of their ideas, no matter how outlandish. What method did Jelly Belly use to come up with this new product line
Answer:
brainstorming
Explanation:
In product development different methods can be used to generate the ideas behind a product.
One of them is brainstorming which involves the use of creative ideas from different groups or people.
After ideas are obtained they are discussed, critiqued, and final selection is made.
The given scenario where Soda Pop Shoppe collection was developed after company employees were asked to suggest as many potential new jelly beans tastes as they could without being criticized for any of their ideas, no matter how outlandish. This is brainstorming
While an exporter and distributor can agree on what the distributor can add for margin on the wholesale price of goods, in agency contracts: Group of answer choices
Answer:
The correct option is e. None of the above.
Explanation:
Note: This question is not complete as the answer choices are omitted. The complete question with the answer choices is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:
While an exporter and distributor can agree on what the distributor can add for margin on the wholesale price of goods, in agency contracts: Group of answer choices
a. commissions are limited to U.S.$ 1.2 million per quarter.
d. commissions are set by the UCC.
c. the commission is whatever the agent decides it should be.
b. the commission is limited to 12 percent.
e. None of the above
The explanation of the answer is now provided as follows:
An agency contract is a legal contract that establishes a fiduciary relationship between two parties, in which the first ("the principal") recognizes that the second ("the agent" ) bind the principal to later agreements entered into by the agent as if the principal had made the subsequent agreements himself.
An agent is a third party you hire to negotiate and, if necessary, close contracts with clients on your behalf so you can keep the contract. Agents are paid a commission on the sales they make, which is commonly calculated as a percentage.
Manufacturers and exporters of goods usually engage agents to promote sales on their behalf, both in the manufacturer's own nation and abroad. A formal agreement is frequently made that specifies the commission the agent will get, as well as the territory, duration, and other parameters under which the principal and agent will conduct business.
Therefore, the commission the agent will get is usually determined by the exporter and stated in the formal agreement the agent signed with the exporter.
Therefore, the correct option is e. None of the above.
You are holding a stock that has a beta of 1.39 and is currently in equilibrium. The required return on the stock is 20.47%, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 16.50%. What would be the expected return on the stock if the expected market return increased to 21.00% while the risk-free rate and beta remained unchanged
Answer: 26.73%
Explanation:
You can calculate the expected return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
Formula is:
Expected return = Risk free rate + beta * (Market return - risk free rate)
Use the previous figures to solve for the risk free rate:
20.47% = Rf + 1.39 * (16.50% - Rf)
20.47% = Rf + 22.935% - 1.39R
20.47% - 22.935% = Rf - 1.39Rf
-2.465% = -0.39Rf
Rf = -2.465% / -0.39
= 6.32%
New expected return is:
= 6.32% + 1.39 * (21% - 6.32%)
= 26.73%
GroundTruth Ads Manager is an easy-to-use, self-serve advertising platform. Visual advertisements are integrated into text messages, applications, and mobile websites. Customers are reached based on their location. GroundTruth Ads Manager is an example of _______.
Answer:
a mobile ad
Explanation:
GroundTruth launches an ad manager which provides advertisement to its customers on its mobile phones based on the location of the customer. It is a self serving platform for advertisements and easy to operate and use.
The ad manager integrates the visual advertisements into the text messages, applications and also mobile websites and sends to the customers for advertising.
Thus the GroundTruth Ads Manager is an example of a mobile ad.
How much of the difference between the HSIF portfolio and the benchmark portfolio in the previous question is related to the asset allocation decision
Producers of Ocean Spray cranberry products decided to make Craisins (and dried cranberry snack food) available in convenience stores, supermarkets, and vending machines, it was involved with determining ______ strategy.
If fixed costs are $200,000 and the unit contribution margin is $20, what amount of units must be sold in order to have a zero profit
Answer:
the amount of units that should be sold in the case when there is a zero profit is 10,000 units
Explanation:
The computation of the amount of units that should be sold in the case when there is a zero profit is given below:
No. of units to be sold is
= Fixed Cost ÷ Contribution per unit
= $200,000 ÷ $20
= 10,000 units.
hence, the amount of units that should be sold in the case when there is a zero profit is 10,000 units
If you have a choice to earn simple interest on $10,000 for three years at 8% or annually compounded interest at 7.5% for three years which one will pay more and by how much
Answer:
The compound interest will yield $22.97 more than simple interest.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Initial investment (PV)= $10,000
Interest rate (r)= 8% simple interest
Interest rate (i)= 7.5% compound interest
Number of periods= 3 years
To calculate the future value of both options, we need to use the following formulas:
Simple interest:
FV= PV*r*t + PV
FV= 10,000*0.08*3 + 10,000
FV= $12,400
Compound interest:
FV= PV*(1 + i)^t
FV= 10,000*(1.075^3)
FV= $12,422.97
The compound interest will yield $22.97 more than simple interest.
Custom Quilters makes decorative comforters, quilted garments, and other products in a small sewing factory. The company expects to make 2,000 comforters during the current year. With respect to the comforters, how would the supervisory salaries be classified
Bramble Corp. has the following costs when producing 100000 units: Variable costs $600000 Fixed costs 900000 An outside supplier is interested in producing the item for Bramble. If the item is produced outside, Bramble could use the released production facilities to make another item that would generate $200000 of net income. At what unit price would Bramble accept the outside supplier’s offer if Bramble wanted to increase net income by $140000?
Answer:
Bramble Corp.
Unit price at which Bramble would accept the outside supplier's offer
= $14.40
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations;
Production capacity in units = 100,000
Variable costs = $600,000
Fixed costs = 900,000
Total costs = $1,500,000
Target net income 140,000
Total revenue = $1,640,000
Alternative income (200,000)
Differential revenue $1,440,000 ($1,640,000 - $200,000)
Unit price at which Bramble would accept the outside supplier's offer =
$14.40 ($1,440,000/100,000)
Piedmont Company segments its business into two regions—North and South. The company prepared the contribution format segmented income statement as shown: Total Company North South Sales $ 800,000 $ 600,000 $ 200,000 Variable expenses 560,000 480,000 80,000 Contribution margin 240,000 120,000 120,000 Traceable fixed expenses 126,000 63,000 63,000 Segment margin 114,000 $ 57,000 $ 57,000 Common fixed expenses 54,000 Net operating income $ 60,000 Required: 1. Compute the companywide break-even point in dollar sales. 2. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the North region. 3. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the South region. (For all requirements, round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places. Round your final answers to the nearest dollar.)
Answer:
1. Companywide break-even point in dollar sales = $600,000
2. Break-even point in dollar sales for the North region = $315,000
3. Break-even point in dollar sales for the South region = $105,000
Explanation:
From the question, we are given the following:
Total Company North South
Sales $ 800,000 $ 600,000 $ 200,000
Variable expenses 560,000 480,000 80,000
Contribution margin 240,000 120,000 120,000
Traceable fixed expenses 126,000 63,000 63,000
Segment margin 114,000 $ 57,000 $ 57,000
Common fixed expenses 54,000
Net operating income $ 60,000
Note that:
Break-even point in dollar sales = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio ………………… (1)
Therefore, we have:
1. Compute the companywide break-even point in dollar sales.
Fixed cost = Total company’s traceable fixed expenses + Common fixed expenses = $126,000 + $54,000 = $180,000
Contribution margin ratio = Total company’s Contribution margin / Total company’s Sales = $240,000 / $800,000 = 0.30
Using equation (1), we have:
Companywide break-even point in dollar sales = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio = $180,000 / 0.30 = $600,000
2. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the North region.
Fixed cost = North’s traceable fixed expenses = $63,000
Contribution margin ratio = North’s Contribution margin / North’s Sales = $120,000 / $600,000 = 0.20
Using equation (1), we have:
Break-even point in dollar sales for the North region = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio = $63,000 / 0.20 = $315,000
3. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the South region.
Fixed cost = South’s traceable fixed expenses = $63,000
Contribution margin ratio = South’s Contribution margin / South’s Sales = $120,000 / $200,000 = 0.60
Using equation (1), we have:
Break-even point in dollar sales for the South region = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio = $63,000 / 0.60 = $105,000
the most effective use of the interim ___ is to establish cost standards and compare the actual amount with the budgeted amount for that time period
Answer:
income statement
inventory analysis (w)
Explanation:
The Trade Gravity Model predicts that the volume of trade between two countries increases with the product of the GDP of the two countries and inversely with distance. This prediction is most consistent with: g
Answer:
The HOS model
Explanation:
Heckscher Ohlin model is the economic model which assumes that there are two countries with two goods and two factors. These countries can trade easily in the market without any barrier. This model explains the pattern of trade of the two countries who wishes to trade the goods they produce in their home country.
Assume that you purchase a 6-year, 8% savings certificate for $1,000. If interest is compounded annually, what will be the value of the certificate when it matures?
Answer:
$1,586.87
Explanation:
Rate (I/Y) = 8.00%
Period (N) = 6
Amount (PV) = 1000
PMT = 80
Annual compounding type
Using the MSExcel function to solve for FV.
Future value = FV(Rate, Nper, Pmt, -Pv, 0)
Future value = FV(8%, 6, 80, 1000, 0)
Future value = $1586.87432294
Future value = $1,586.87
So, the value of the certificate when it matures will be $1,586.87.
The marketing and sales section of a business plan should answer the following question.
O What differentiates your business?
O Why will your business idea be successful?
O How do you plan to market your business?
O all of the above
Answer:
I guess all of the above..Hope it helps:)
Elite Trailer Parks has an operating profit of $200,000. Interest expense for the year was $10,000; preferred dividends paid were $18,750; and common dividends paid were $30,000. The tax was $61,250. The firm has 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding.
Required:
a. Calculate the earnings per share and the common dividends per share for Elite Trailer Parks.
b. What was the increase in retained earnings for the year?
Answer:
a. Earnings per share = (Operating profit - Interest expense - Tax - Preferred dividends) / Common stock outstanding
Earnings per share = ($200,000 - $10,000 - $61,250 - $18,750) / $20,000
Earnings per share = $110,000 / 20,000 Shares
Earnings per share = $5.5 per share
Common dividends per share = Dividend paid / Common stock outstanding
Common dividends per share = $30,000 / 20,000 Shares
Common dividends per share = $1.50 per share
b. What was the increase in retained earnings for the year?
Increase in retained earnings = $110,000 - Common dividend paid
Increase in retained earnings = $110,000 - $30,000
Increase in retained earnings = $80,000
So, the increase in retained earnings for the year is $80,000.
In March 2012, Yoshiro Inc.. decided to retire an outstanding bond issue before maturity. The coupon rate on the bond issue was 5%. The bond was issued in 2011 at an effective interest rate of 6%. On the day Yoshiro retired the bond issue, the market interest rate was 4%. Which of the following items would be decreased by the bond retirement transaction?
a. Cash from Operating Activities
b. Cash from Financing Activities
c. Cash from Investing Activities
d. Bonds Payable
e. Net Income
Answer:
b. Cash from Financing Activities d. Bonds Payable e. Net IncomeExplanation:
Bonds are a form of long term debt and in the cashflow statement this goes to the Financing section. A retirement of bonds would reduce cash and this would come from the Financing activities.
Bonds Payable will also decrease because the bond that is being retired will reduce the number of bonds payable that the company has to pay off.
Finally the Net income will reduce as well to reflect the loss on bond retirement. The bonds were issued at a discount owing to interest rates being higher than the coupon rate in 2011 but on the day the bonds were retired they were selling at a premium with interest rates at 4%. The company paid more than they received and this loss will reduce the net income.
The following transactions occurred during March 2018 for the Wainwright Corporation. The company owns and operates a wholesale warehouse. 1. Issued 40,000 shares of common stock in exchange for $400,000 in cash. 2. Purchased equipment at a cost of $50,000. $15,000 cash was paid and a note payable was signed for the balance owed. 3. Purchased inventory on account at a cost of $98,000. The company uses the perpetual inventory system. 4. Credit sales for the month totaled $170,000. The cost of the goods sold was $80,000. 5. Paid $6,000 in rent on the warehouse building for the month of March. 6. Paid $7,000 to an insurance company for fire and liability insurance for a one-year period beginning April 1, 2018. 7. Paid $80,000 on account for the merchandise purchased in 3. 8. Collected $65,000 from customers on account. 9. Recorded depreciation expense of $2,000 for the month on the equipment. Post the above transactions to the below T-accounts. Assume that the opening balances in each of the accounts is zero.
Prepare a trial balance from the ending account balances.
Answer:
Wainwright Corporation
1. T-accounts:
Cash
Account Titles Debit Credit
Common stock $400,000
Equipment $15,000
Rent expense 6,000
Prepaid Insurance 7,000
Accounts Payable 80,000
Accounts Receivable 65,000
Balance $357,000
Accounts Receivable
Account Titles Debit Credit
Sales Revenue $170,000
Cash $65,000
Balance 105,000
Inventory
Account Titles Debit Credit
Accounts Payable $98,000
Cost of goods sold $80,000
Balance 18,000
Prepaid Insurance
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $7,000
Equipment
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $15,000
Notes Payable 35,000
Balance $50,000
Accumulated Depreciation
Account Titles Debit Credit
Depreciation expense $2,000
Common stock
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $400,000
Notes Payable
Account Titles Debit Credit
Equipment $35,000
Accounts Payable
Account Titles Debit Credit
Inventory $98,000
Cash $80,000
Balance 18,000
Sales Revenue
Account Titles Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable $170,000
Cost of goods sold
Account Titles Debit Credit
Inventory $80,000
Rent Expense
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $6,000
Depreciation Expense
Account Titles Debit Credit
Acc. depreciation $2,000
2. Trial Balance as at March 31, 2018
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $357,000
Accounts receivable 105,000
Inventory 18,000
Prepaid Insurance 7,000
Equipment 50,000
Accumulated depreciation $2,000
Common stock 400,000
Notes payable 35,000
Accounts payable 18,000
Sales revenue 170,000
Cost of goods sold 80,000
Rent Expense 6,000
Depreciation expense 2,000
Total $625,000 $625,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis for the month of March 2018:
1. Cash $400,000 Common stock $400,000
2. Equipment $50,000 Cash $15,000 Notes Payable $35,000
3. Inventory $98,000 Accounts Payable $98,000
4. Accounts Receivable $170,000 Sales Revenue $170,000
4. Cost of goods sold $80,000 Inventory $80,000
5. Rent expense $6,000 Cash $6,000
6. Prepaid Insurance $7,000 Cash $7,000
7. Accounts Payable $80,000 Cash $80,000
8. Cash $65,000 Accounts Receivable $65,000
9. Depreciation expense $2,000 Accumulated Depreciation $2,000
Lewis and Associates has been in the termite inspection and treatment business for five years. The following is a list of accounts for Lewis on June 30, 2017. It reflects the recurring transactions for the month of June but does not reflect any month-end adjustments:
Cash ………………………………………………. $6,200
Accounts Receivable ………………………………10,400
Prepaid Rent ……………………………………….. 4,400
Chemical Inventory ………………………………....9,400
Equipment …………………………………………..18,200
Accumulated Depreciation ………………………….1,050
Accounts Payable ………………………………….. 1,180
Capital Stock ………………………………………....5,000
Retained Earnings ……………………………….. ...25,370
Treatment Revenue ………………………………....40,600
Wages and Salary Expense ………………………. 22,500
Utilities Expense ………………………………….....1,240
Advertising Expense ……………………………….. 860
The following additional information is available:
a. Lewis rents a warehouse with office space and prepays the annual rent of $4,800 on May 1 of each year.
b. The asset account Equipment represents the cost of treatment equipment, which has an estimated useful life of ten years and an estimated salvage value of $200.
c. Chemical inventory on hand equals $1,300.
d. Wages and salaries owed but unpaid to employees at the end of the month amount to $1,080.
e. Lewis accrues income taxes using an estimated tax rate equal to 30% of the income for the month.
Required:
1. For each of the items of additional information, (a) through (e), identify and analyze the necessary adjustment on June 30, 2017.
2. On the basis of the information you have, does Lewis appear to be a profitable business?
Answer:
Lewis and Associates
1. Identification and Analysis of the items of additional information:
a. Rent Expense $400 Prepaid Rent $400
b. Depreciation Expense $150 Accumulated Depreciation $150
c.Cost of Chemical Used $8,100 Chemical Inventory $8,100
d. Wages and Salary Expense $1,080 Wages and Salary Payable $1,080.
e. Income Tax Expense $1,905 Income Tax Payable $1,905
2. On the basis of the information, Lewis and Associates appears to be a profitable business, making a margin of 11% in after-tax income.
Explanation:
a) Additional Data and Analysis:
a. Rent Expense $400 Prepaid Rent $400
b. Depreciation Expense $150 Accumulated Depreciation $150
c.Cost of Chemical Used $8,100 Chemical Inventory $8,100
d. Wages and Salary Expense $1,080 Wages and Salary Payable $1,080.
e. Income Tax Expense $1,905 Income Tax Payable $1,905
30% of the income for the month.
Income Statement for the Month Ended June 30
Treatment Revenue $40,600
Cost of Treatment Chemical 8,100
Gross profit $32,500
Expenses:
Wages and Salary $23,500
Utilities 1,240
Advertising 860
Depreciation 150
Rent 400
Total expenses $26,150
Income before taxes $6,350
Income taxes 1,905
Net income $4,445
What resource driver would you use to allocate occupancy cost to activities, and how much would you allocate to Inspect
Answer:
Cost drivers of occupancy cost:
Useful Life of Asset
Location of the asset
Lease terms
Explanation:
Cost drivers are the factors that drives the cost. Occupancy cost is the whole life cost of the asset. It is associated with the asset during its life irrespective of asset's performance. These costs include, property taxes, insurance, inspection costs, repairs and maintenance costs and likewise. These cost are allocated to the assets useful life. Some companies also use different cost drivers like location of the asset and its lease terms. These costs are charged as the part of assets cost.
metion form of ownership represented by the SABC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Answer:
vbnjjhkhgfx
Explanation:
Vhhjjgddeszff
Each of the following is an example of a significant noncash activity except Group of answer choices conversion of bonds into common stock. exchanges of plant assets. issuance of debt to purchase assets. stock dividends.
Answer: stock dividends
Explanation:
Noncash investing and financing activities are simply referred to as the significant investing and financing activities which doesn't affect cash directly.
The activities involved here include, stockholders equity etc. and they are typically found at bottom of cash flow statement.
Based on the options given, the example of a significant noncash activity will include conversion of bonds into common stock, exchanges of plant assets and the issuance of debt to purchase assets.
Therefore, the correct option will be stock dividends.
Stock dividend represent the example of significant non-cash activity.
The following are the cash activity:
Conversion of bonds into common stock. Exchanges of plant assets. Issuance of debt to purchase asset.Stock dividend reduced the shareholder equity also it contains the normal debit balance. It does not required any cash at the same time it decrease the retained earnings.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/17429689
When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a(n) ____ situation. a. pure competition b. monopoly c. oligopoly d. monopolistic competition e. substitution
Answer:
B)monopoly
Explanation:
monopoly can be regarded as situation when company and its product dominate particular sector as well as industry. It give description of an entity which has total control as regards to a market. price elasticity of demand can be regarded as one that measure the sensitivity big the quantity demanded with its price. It should be noted that When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a monopoly situation
Supply-side deflation caused by productivity growth is _______ likely to have harmful consequences than demand-side deflation because it is ______ disruptive to labor markets.
Answer: more; more
Explanation:
Supply-side deflation caused by productivity growth is more likely to have harmful consequences than demand-side deflation because it is more disruptive to labor markets.
Supply side deflation caused by productivity growth means that the prices of goods and services are falling because producers are producing more than there is a demand for and so prices have to be cut in order to get people to buy more.
This will have harmful effects on the labor markets because companies would have to reduce the number of people they hire in order to maintain some sort of profitability thereby increasing unemployment in the country.
It costs Waterway Company $18.00 of variable costs and $7.80 of fixed costs to produce its product that sells for $40. Carla Vista Company, a foreign buyer, offers to purchase 3100 units at $23.50 each. If the special offer is accepted and produced with unused capacity, net income will:
Answer:
Increase by $17,050
Explanation:
In our analysis, we will use the incremental revenue and cost only. That means we exclude fixed costs since they are irrelevant for this decision and are already incurred.
Analysis of effects of accepting the special order
Sales (3,100 units x $23.50) $72,850
Less Variable Costs (3,100 units x $18.00) ($55,800)
Financial Advantage / (Disadvantage) $17,050
therefore,
If the special offer is accepted and produced with unused capacity, net income will: Increase by $17,050.
Q7 If the dividend yield for year 1 is expected to be 7% based on a stock price of $30, what will the year 5 dividend be if dividends grow annually at a constant rate of 8% (in $ dollars)
Answer:
$2.86
Explanation:
Dividend yield = Dividend in year 1 / Price
0.07 = Dividend in year 1 / $30
Dividend in year 1 = $30 * 0.07
Dividend in year 1 = $2.1
Dividend in 5 years = Dividend in year 1 * (1+growth rate)^4
Dividend in 5 years = $2.1 * (1.08)^4
Dividend in 5 years = $2.1 * 1.36048896
Dividend in 5 years = $2.857026816
Dividend in 5 years = $2.86
Explain how the GDP and the interest rate are related to the transactions demand and asset demand for money.
Answer:
Transaction demand rises as income or GDp rises and falls as income or DP falls. Also high interest rate causes more to be left as asset, thereby reducing money demand
Explanation:
1. Asset demand for money is money that is kept aside for a person holding it to earn interest on. A high interest rate on money asset reduces the demand for money. This increased rate of interest is the opportunity cost of having money as assets. It has a negative relationship with interest rate of an economy.
2. Transaction money is that which is used for the day to day expenditure. This has a positive relationship with GDP. It increases as income or GDP increases and falls as it falls.
ompany X and company Z are planning to merge their business into one and are seeking regulatory approval. What is the most likely reasoning X
Answer: The newly created firms is able to take advantage of economies of scale.
Explanation:
A merger is an agreement whereby two companies come together and pool their resources together in order to form one company and achieve same organizational goals.
One main reason why companies merge together is in order to achieve economies of scale. This is the reduction in cost as a result of the expansion and increase in production level.
What's the difference between a Monopoly and Oligopoly market?
Explanation:
The main difference between monopoly and oligopoly is in the number of firms under consideration.
In Monopoly, the market witness a situation in which one company alone dominates; in other words, this company produces goods or services without having any close competitors.
While in Oligopoly, not just one but a small group of companies act as the dominant players in the market even though they may produce slightly different products; they thus influence the market a lot reducing the chances of new competitors.