A. Formulate a related decision problem for the independent-set problem, and prove that it is NP-complete. (Hint: Reduce from the clique problem. )

b. Suppose that you are given a "black-box" subroutine to solve the decision prob- lem you defined in part (a).

Give an algorithm to find an independent set of max- imum size. The running time of your algorithm should be polynomial in jV j and jEj, counting queries to the black box as a single step

Answers

Answer 1

If a problem is in NP, then we can verify (ask whether the solution provided is accurate or not) the certificate in polynomial time given a "certificate,”.  Which is a solution to the issue and an instance of the issue (in this case, a graph G and a positive integer k).

What proof that it is NP-complete?

An NP-Complete issue can be solved in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine. If and only if there is an NP-Complete issue, such as Y, that can be reduced into a NP-Hard concern, X, in polynomial time, can NP-Complete concerns be solved.

Therefore, If a concern is included in both NP and NP-Hard Problems, it is said to be NP-Complete.

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Related Questions

pls answer this
Digital citizens are those who use the internet regularly and effectively. What are three (3) good qualities of a responsible digital citizen?

Answers

Answer:

Three good qualities of a responsible digital citizen are:

Respect for others: A responsible digital citizen respects the rights and opinions of others online. This includes not engaging in cyberbullying or harassment, and being respectful in online discussions and debates.Protecting personal information: A responsible digital citizen takes steps to protect their personal information online. This includes using strong passwords, avoiding sharing personal information with strangers, and being aware of online scams and fraud.Being informed and aware: A responsible digital citizen is informed and aware of the risks and potential harms of the internet. This includes being aware of the potential for online harassment, cyberbullying, and other forms of online abuse. A responsible digital citizen also knows how to report such incidents and seek help if needed.

the following is an example code of openmp code for calculating max of a sequence of numbers. the memory architecture used by this openmp code is shared memory. is the above statement true or false?

Answers

Yes, the following example of openmp code calculates the maximum value in a series of numbers. This openmp code makes advantage of shared memory as its memory architecture.

What does a computer's memory mean?

Memory serves as the computer's electrical storage facility for such instructions and data that it needs to access fast. Information is kept there for quick access. A smartphone's ram is one of its fundamental components since without it, a machine would be unable to operate as intended.

What is memory, and what does it do?

Memory is a process or system that stores new information for later use. Information is encoded, stored, and then retrieved using our memory. Information is entered onto our storage device through the process of encoding.

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Which expression has both 8 and n as factors?
8 n
8+n
8n

Answers

Answer:

8n

Explanation:

The phase of production when many different workers will be on location to film is called:
A) editing
B) Launching
C) principal photography.
D) dynamic photography.

Answers

The phase of production when many different workers will be on location to film is called option C) principal photography.

What does a movie's "principal" mean?

An actor who speaks on camera is typically considered to be a principal actor. This categorization might indicate several things depending on the type of production (commercials are subject to different regulations than films and television programs) or the contract an actor is working under.

In Film production's principal photography stage, which comes between pre-production and post-production, is where the creative vision is put into action. The moment the actors arrive on set, call sheets are distributed, the lighting are put up, and the cameras are set to start recording is when this happens.

Therefore, In a film, most of the shooting occurs during prime time photography. The main actors are usually present in these situations. As opposed to the requirement to finish particular VFX shots or second-unit photography. Hence option C is correct.

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analysis of a compromised hard drive image found an email message that was sent from a company employee to an external email address. the message contains information that is private to the company. what conclusion can you draw from this?

Answers

The employee's IP address was used to send prprietary information outside the company. More investigation is needed to determine who is responsible

What is Computer Security?

Computer security is the safeguard put in place for computer systems to protect sensitive data from illegal access, theft, or misuse. There are numerous procedures in place that are frequently used, mostly for the safety of computer networks and systems as well as to thwart potential hostile activity.

Critical information and system access and authorization are protected using intricate security techniques and procedures, in contrast to computer hardware, which is secured in the same way as sensitive equipment like lockers and doors.

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Complete Question:

Analysis of a compromised hard drive image found an email message that was sent from a company employee to an external email address. The message contains information that is private to the company. What conclusion can you draw from this?

a)The employee has sent prprietary information outside the company, and action should be taken against that person.

b)The employee's computer was used to send prprietary information outside the company. More investigation is needed to determine who is responsible.

c)The employee's computer has clearly been hcked.

d)The employee's IP address was used to send prprietary information outside the company. More investigation is needed to determine who is responsible.

Create the following global security groups in the Users container for each administrative role: PasswordAdmins ComputerAdmins GPOLinkAdmins Use the Delegation of Control wizard to delegate the necessary permissions at the correct level to each group. In the wizard, use the common tasks option for delegating control

Answers

PasswordAdmins: can reset passwords for any user in domain and force password change at next logon.

ComputerAdmins: can join computers to domain for the entire domain.

GPOLinkAdmins: can manage GPO links for the  departmental OUs (Accounting, Marketing, Research-Dev, Sales, and Support).

What is a domain?

The subject matter a computer program is intended to address is called a domain. The phrase is utilised in software engineering. Formally, it represents the focus of a particular programming project, whether that focus is restricted to a specific area or is more general.

A specific programming project, for instance, might have had as its objective the development of a program for a specific hospital, with that hospital serving as the project's domain. Another option is to broaden the project's purview to cover all hospitals.

When creating a software program to address a problem in the field of computer programming, a process known as domain engineering, you define a domain by defining a set of standard requirements, terminology, and functionality. Also used as a synonym for application domain is the word domain.

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what should the server do if they have any doubts regarding whether a patron is obviously intoxicated?

Answers

The server ensures the patron leaves within a reasonable period of time if they have any doubts regarding whether a patron is obviously intoxicated.

What are the strategies used to prevent intoxication?

The strategies that can be used in order to prevent intoxication are as follows:

Make water available and have staff offer it regularly to encourage patrons to pace their alcohol consumption. Encourage patrons to stop drinking or consume non-alcoholic drinks before they reach the point of undue intoxication. Lower the entertainment noise level to allow patrons to talk; this slows down drinking.

Once a patron becomes intoxicated, they must leave the premises and not be allowed back in. While they may have accepted your offer of a non-alcoholic drink, they will still need to leave.

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Digital citizens are those who use the internet regularly and effectively. What are three (3) good qualities of a responsible digital citizen?

Answers

Answer:

Respect for others: A responsible digital citizen shows respect for others by not engaging in cyberbullying or other forms of online harassment. They also respect the privacy and personal boundaries of others, and do not share personal information without permission.Ethical behavior: A responsible digital citizen follows ethical principles when using the internet, such as not engaging in activities that are illegal or harmful to others. They also avoid plagiarism and other forms of intellectual property theft, and respect the rights of others.Critical thinking: A responsible digital citizen uses critical thinking skills when using the internet, such as evaluating the credibility and reliability of sources and information. They are able to discern fact from fiction, and avoid being swayed by fake news or other forms of disinformation.

What is the most obvious purpose of games?

A.
teaching logic
B.
having fun
C.
encouraging cooperation
D.
learning a new skill

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

there is no difference between declaring an object of an ordinary class and an object of a template class. true false

Answers

The supplied claim that "declaring an object of an ordinary class and an object of a template class has no difference" is untrue.

What is a class template?

By employing a complex type specifier, a class template can be declared without being specified. an illustration would be templateclass L, class T> class Key. As a class template name, the name is now reserved.

What does an OOP template class do?

A template is a blueprint or formula for constructing a generic class or a function. Generic programming is demonstrated through library containers like iterators and algorithms, which were created utilizing the template notion.

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as an inbound professional you might be sending many different types of emails, even one-to-one communication emails. what will you need to send one-to-many emails?

Answers

You will need E-mail service provider to send one-to-many emails.

What is one to one communication emails? One-to-one communication emails are private messages sent between two people. They are often used to discuss confidential matters, to provide personalized feedback, or to make plans or coordinate schedules. They are not broadcast to a large group of people, like a newsletter or a mailing list. The purpose of one-to-one communication emails is to maintain a direct, private line of communication with a specific person. They can be used to discuss work-related matters as well as personal ones, and are often used as a more efficient way to communicate than talking on the phone or in person. This is ideal for confidential conversations, specific requests, or sensitive topics.

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what is 802.11ac?
Explain in short.




[tex] \\ \\ \\ [/tex]



don't spam-
ty-​

Answers

Answer:

802.11ac is a wireless networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase the speed and range of Wi-Fi networks. It is the successor to the 802.11n standard. 802.11ac is also known as Wi-Fi 5. it uses the 5 GHz band and is backward compatible with 802.11a/b/g/n devices.

the four phases described in slides for forensics process are identification, collection, preserving and analyzing. making a secure hash of a memory dump is in phase called

Answers

Identification, collection, preservation, and analysis are the four stages of the forensics process that are covered in the slides. A memory dump's secure hash is created during the preservation phase.

What is the primary goal of forensic science?

A crucial component of the criminal justice system is forensic science. To produce unbiased conclusions that can aid in the investigation and prosecution of crime perpetrators or clear an innocent person of suspicion, forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other locations.

How does forensic science aid in crime-solving?

Forensic scientists frequently participate in the hunt for and evaluation of physical traces that may be helpful for establishing or rejecting a relationship between a suspect and the crime scene or victim in criminal cases.

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Which programming language type is the most basic human-readable and closest to actual machine language?.

Answers

Answer:

Assembly language

Explanation:

you have partitioned and formatted a new hard drive, sdc. you want to mount the first partition on sdc to directory /mnt/newdisk. which command will perform the mount correctly? answer mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/newdisk mount /dsk/sdc first /mnt/newdisk mount /sdc1 /mnt/newdisk mount /mnt/newdisk /dev/sdc1 mount /dev/sdc /mnt/newdisk

Answers

Support is provided by the home partition by the extended partition. Four primary partitions is the most that can be present on a hard drive.

What is extended partition?You can install an operating system on a partition that is designated as a major partition. When the machine turns on, the OS is loaded from a primary partition that has an operating system already installed. On early versions of Windows and DOS operating systems, the primary partition had to be installed first, even though it can exist without an operating system. Up to four primary partitions—or three primary and one extended partition—can exist on a single drive in modern versions of Windows.A partition that can be split up into more logical drives is an extended partition. You do not need to give it a drive letter or install a file system, in contrast to a primary partition. The operating system can be used to extend the partition by adding a number of logical discs. The appearance of each logical drive as a separate drive is determined by its unique drive letter. The amount of free space on the expanded partition and the number of drive letters still accessible on your system are the only restrictions on the number of logical drives you can create.

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during the step of checkpoint, there is a system crash in the middle of the updates. how does the journaling technique handle such crash to achieve data consitency

Answers

If the crash occurs during updates to achieve data consistency FSCK( file system consistency checks) journal work.

What does "data consistency" mean?

Data consistency indicates that each user sees an identical representation of the data, including any modifications brought about by their own transactions and those of other users.

How can you tell if data is consistent?

Using the online applications CHECK DATA, CHECK INDEX and CHECK LOB is one technique to verify data consistency. When doing a conditional restart, a point-in-time recovery, or data repair, you might want to use these utilities.

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When analyzing the performance of student on Exam 1, which of the following would not be useful "dimension" in an OLAP data cube?
a. email addresses
b. class standing
c. class section
d. academic major

Answers

Answer:

a. email addresses

what are the differences between functional and procedural programming languages? explain. provide examples.

Answers

The difference between functional and procedural programming languages are:

Procedural programming: The method a program that is used to reach desired. The example of procedural programming is FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, BASIC, C and Pascal.Programming languages: a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for make a command to the computer or computing device to perform specific tasks. Most of programming languages are text based. The example of programming languages are javascript, C, C++, Phyton, Java, Ruby, etc.

Programming languages and procedural languages are the programs that is provided by computer. Programming languages is used when you want to make a program in the computer. With, programming language, computer will make the program that is desired by translate the command that is served text-based. In the simple words, programming languages will translate your command with computer languages.

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Tet if a number grade i an F (le than or equal to 65). If o, print "That' not good. ". Hint: Grade may be decimal. Sample Run Enter a Number: 60 Sample Output That' not good

Answers

Henrik Ibsen | The Norwegian playwright who changed the theatre.

if a system's instruction set consists of a 5-bit opcode, what is the maximum number of output signal lines required for the control unit?

Answers

The maximum number of output signal lines required for the control unit in a system with a 5-bit opcode is 32.

What is opcode ?An opcode, short for operation code, is a binary code that specifies an operation to be performed by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It is part of an instruction that is used to execute a specific task, such as performing a calculation, accessing memory, or transferring data.With a 5-bit opcode, there are 2^5 = 32 possible unique opcodes, so the control unit will need at least 32 output signal lines to specify all of the possible operations.The number of output signal lines required for the control unit may be higher if the system has a larger instruction set or if additional control signals are needed to specify the operations. The exact number of output signal lines will depend on the specific architecture and design of the system.

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in order to create, modify, and gain access to a database, special software, called the database management system, is required.
true
false

Answers

A database management system (DBMS) is a software program used to construct and administer databases. It can be used by one individual personally or by a group of people in an organization.

A database quizlet is created, modified, and accessed using what software?

A particular piece of software called a database management system is needed in order to create, change, and obtain access to a database.

What database administration systems require the nodal organization of record fields?

A hierarchical database is a type of data architecture in which information is kept in the form of records and arranged into a parent-child structure that resembles a tree and allows for the possibility of multiple child nodes under one parent node.

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Ayaan doesn’t like the way that a particular game ended. She feels disappointed and frustrated. What did Ayaan not like about the game?

A.
the objective
B.
the outcome
C.
the rules
D.
the control method

Answers

Answer:

the outcome

Explanation:

she didn't like the way the game ended therefor she didn't like the out come.

Answer:

B. the outcome

Explanation:

Ayaan did not like the outcome of the game. The outcome of a game refers to the final result of the game, including who wins or loses and how the game ends. Ayaan's disappointment and frustration likely stem from the fact that she did not like the way the game ended and was not satisfied with the outcome.

1. Identify about two to four different buine application in your organization (e. G. E-mail, order fulfillment, cutomer ervice, e-procurement, telehealth etc. ). Decribe which buine application are more amenable to cloud computing and why. If you already implemented cloud functionality for ome of the application, preent the reaon why you decided to move to the cloud. Identify which platform (e. G. Amazon AWS or Microoft Cloud) you would ue for cloud implementation

Answers

Four different buine application in your organization are MicsoSoft office 365 (Saas) for Email services, Oracle Netsuite (saas) for order fuifilment, Zen desk for customer service, vitro commerce

let us consider there is an organization That organization Consists of 100 employees.

It require Some business application like,

MicroSoft office 365 (Saas) for Email services

Oracle Netsuite (saas) for order fuifilment

Zen desk for customer service.

vitro commerce e-procurement solution for E - procurement and Aws (paas) for hardware and software solution.

All these business applications are amenable to cloud computing for the organization because of Cost-effectiveness,

steam line the flows of work and services

Time saving

unlimited storage

backup and Mobility.

The on -demand Self-service with advanced online

The term "use" refers to the advantages derived from an item or service. The "application" refers to the usage of the service or product to achieve the advantage in several domains.

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a crud matrix is a tool to represent where each dfd process occurs in a system. the acronym crud is used for:

Answers

Create, Read, Update, and Delete is referred to as CRUD. The programs or processes that add, read, update, or remove records from a master file are displayed in a CRUD matrix.

What is CRUD matrix?A CRUD matrix is a table that enables you to see and alter the operations (Create, Read, Update, or Delete) that your processes carry out on resources or data. When you have at least one process, one resource, and one data object generated, you may open the appropriate matrix by choosing Tools Resource CRUD Matrix or Tools Data CRUD Matrix.Select the appropriate cell and check or uncheck the boxes in the Current Cell Value groupbox to alter the CRUD values for a process.The Client data is read and updated during the Process Order step, and the Credit Card data is read during the Confirm Order Shipment process.

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Avery is using the Expression Builder shown below.



Which steps will allow Avery to add the expression "[lngItemOrdID] < 100" to the Expression Builder panel?

a. Select "qryOrdersandAmount," select "lngItemOrdID," then click on its Value property, drag it to the panel, and type "< 100" in the panel after the syntax for the field.

b. Select "qryOrdersandAmount," double-click on "lngItemOrdID," drag it to the panel, and type "< 100" in the panel after the syntax for the field.

c. Select "qryOrdersandAmount," select "lngItemOrdID," then click on its Value property, drag both to the panel, and type "< 100" in the panel after the syntax for the field.

d. Select "qryOrdersandAmount," select "lngItemOrdID," double-click on its Value property, and type "< 100" in the panel after the syntax for the field.

Answers

The steps that will allow Avery to add the expression "[lngItemOrdID] < 100" to the Expression Builder panel is option d. Select "qryOrdersandAmount," select "lngItemOrdID," double-click on its Value property, and type "< 100" in the panel after the syntax for the field.

What is an expression builder?

In getting access, one need to select Expression Builder from the menu by performing a right-click on the data table or by clicking the down arrow next to the expression box. Two independently resizeable panes make up the Expression Builder's screen.

Therefore, Avery need to enter a special name for the expression in the Expression Builder dialog. Choose the fields and operations you want from the lists. To include a field or function in the Expression Equation field, click or double-click the blue arrow.

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Data marts can be implemented ____ compared to data warehouses.
a. more quickly
b. it depends on the situation
c. at the same pace
d. less quick

Answers

Answer:

a. more quickly

Please simplify the expression: Av(BvA)^¬(¬AvB)
Algebra of logic.

Answers

If A and B are statement variables, the disjunction of A and. B is A V B, which is read “A or B”. ▫. A V B is true when at least one of A or B is true.

What is disjunction?In logic, disjunction is a binary connective (∨) classically interpreted as a truth function the output of which is true if at least one of the input sentences (disjuncts) is true, and false otherwise. Its supposed connection with disjunctive words of natural language like or has long intrigued philosophers, logicians and linguists. In this entry we give an overview of logical and linguistic analyses of disjunction with focus on developments at the interface between logic and language. Sections 1 and 2 present disjunction as a binary connective in classical logic and in a number of non-classical interpretations. Section 3 discusses some basic facts concerning disjunctive words in natural language, and introduces a generalized, cross-categorial notion of disjunction as the join operator in a (Boolean) algebra.

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which is a high-level, dynamic, open-source scripting language designed to be easy to read and simple to run?

Answers

Python is a high-level, dynamic, open-source scripting language designed to be easy to read and simple to run.

What is python language?

Python is a general-purpose programming language that is interpreted, object-oriented, and high-level. It was created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991. Python is used for a variety of applications including software development, web development, scientific and numeric computing, artificial intelligence, system automation, and more. It has a simple, easy-to-learn syntax which makes it a popular choice for beginners. Python also has an extensive collection of libraries and frameworks which makes it easy to develop complex programs and applications. Python is available for all major operating systems and can be used for developing both desktop and web applications. Python is an open-source language and is free to use.

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In Scratch, what do you use to create instructions that make characters perform tasks?

A.
code snippets

B.
code blocks

C.
code notes

D.
code colors

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

part A It is confusing to give an complete explanation


What kind of file is this? What is it used for? Describe a situation where you might want to create
this type of file.

Answers

What is the file called u gave a blank statement

What kind of file is this? What is it used for? Describe a situation where you might want to create
this type of file.
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