Numerous defense systems exist in cells to stop mutations, or long-lasting alterations in DNA sequence.
Numerous defense systems exist in cells to stop mutations, or long-lasting alterations in DNA sequence. Most DNA polymerases "check their work" during DNA synthesis, correcting the majority of mis paired bases in a procedure known as proofreading. Any mismatched bases that are still present after DNA synthesis can be found and fixed through a procedure known as mismatch repair.
Different processes, such as chemical reversal, excision repair, and double-strand break repair, can be used to fix damaged DNA.
In fact, replication mistakes and DNA damage occur often in the cells of our bodies. However, they typically don't result in cancer or even mutations. That's because DNA repair and proofreading systems typically identify them and fix them. The cell will also go through programmed cell death (apoptosis), which prevents the flawed DNA from being passed on, if the damage cannot be repaired.
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What is the benefit to having diverse populations of soil biology
Answer:
Having a diverse population of soil biology can benefit the overall health of the soil. Different types of microorganisms can perform different functions in the soil, such as breaking down organic matter and providing nutrients for plants. A diverse population can also make the soil more resilient to changes in environmental conditions. For example, if one type of microorganism is affected by a particular disease or environmental stress, the other types of microorganisms can help maintain the overall health of the soil. This can lead to better soil structure, increased water retention, and improved plant growth.
Living Environment
Scary Movie Heart Rates
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Answer:
2 is the answre
Explanation:
Because of the movement partern
Based on what you have learned about global trends in terrestrial ecosystems, what is currently the largest threat to the wet tropical forests in central america?.
Answer:
habitat destruction, such as the clearing of forests for coffee plantations.
Explanation:
if the 5′ → 3′ nucleotide sequence on the nontemplate dna strand is cat, what is the corresponding codon on mrna?
If the non-template DNA strand's 5′ 3′ nucleotide sequence is CAT, the equivalent codon on the mRNA will be CAU. Prior to the corresponding codon being read on mRNA, DNA must first be transformed into RNA.
The DNA strands are complementary and anti-parallel for both the coding (or sense) and the template (or non-coding, or anti-sense). In order to produce a complementary RNA that is in the 5' to 3' direction during transcription, the RNA polymerase "reads" the template strand in the 3' to 5' way. The coding (or sense) strand of DNA discloses the meaning of the RNA since the template strand of DNA is complementary to both of them, with the exception that all Ts in the coding strand are changed to Us.
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Salinity measures the amount of salts dissolved in water. Which statement correctly explains what happens whenaquatic animals are moved to an aquatic ecosystem with a different salinity?
A. A freshwater fish (salinity of 1.0 part per thousand (ppt)) is moved to a brackish environment with asalinity of 20 ppt. The fish swells and dies as water moves from an area of high concentration to an areaof low concentration.
B. A freshwater fish (salinity of 1.0 part per thousand (ppt)) is moved to a brackish environment with asalinity of 20 ppt. The fish shrivels and dies as water moves from an area of high concentration to anarea of low concentration.
C. A saltwater fish (salinity 35ppt) is moved to a freshwater tank (salinity 0.5 ppt). The fish shrivels and diesas water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
D. A fish used to living in brackish water (salinity 15 ppt) is moved to a freshwater tank. The fish swells anddies as water moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Answer:
C. A saltwater fish (salinity 35ppt) is moved to a freshwater tank (salinity 0.5 ppt). The fish shrivels and diesas water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Explanation:
Fresh water—less than 0.5 parts per thousand (ppt) Fresh water contains trace amounts of salt and other dissolved substances at very low concentrations.
Freshwater salinity is usually less than 0.5 ppt. Water between 0.5 ppt and 17 ppt is called brackish. Estuaries (where fresh river water meets salty ocean water) are examples of brackish waters.
Different bodies of water have different amounts of salt mixed in, or different salinities. Salinity is expressed by the amount of salt found in 1,000 grams of water. Therefore, if we have 1 gram of salt and 1,000 grams of water, the salinity is 1 part per thousand, or 1 ppt.
The average ocean salinity is 35 ppt. This number varies between about 32 and 37 ppt. Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice formation causes the variations. For example, the Black Sea is so diluted by river runoff, its average salinity is only 16 ppt.
___ is stored in a fossil fuel, and released in the form of kinetic energy when burned ?
hydrocarbon
I searched it up
Was wind blowing when this picture was taken? How do you know?
Please help me I’ve been looking at this for two hours and I had three unit tests today and two yesterday I passed them but I barely did because I had to study for math yesterday.
The wind was blowing
classify each neuron based on the number of processes that extend from the neuron cell body
1. many dendrites and a single axon
2. one dendrite and one axon
3. one process with two branches; one extending to the CNS, one extending to the periphery
The classification of each neuron based on the number of processes that extend from the neuron cell body are as follows:
many dendrites and a single axon -Multipolar Neuronone dendrite and one axon - Bipolar Neuronone process with two branches; one extending to the CNS, one extending to the periphery - Unipolar NeuronWhat are neurons?Neurons are the specialized cells of the nervous system.
Neurons receive, transmit and help interpret nervous impulses.
Neurons are found in the sensory organs of the eye, nose, skin, and tongue.
Neurons are also the main cells found in the CNS.
Neurons are also known as nerve cells.
Neurons can be classified into:
sensory neurons
and motor neurons.
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the timing of a mutation during development has negligible effects on the severity of the genetic defect.
False, timing of a mutation during development has no negligible effects on the severity of the genetic defect.
Mutation are considered as beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Many of the non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general, if the larger number of base pairs are affected by mutation, the impact of mutation will be greater, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.
Mutations can also result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, reason can be the exposure to mutagens or a viral infection. Germline mutations can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations cannot be transferred.
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you are working in the lab with your group and you notice the sweater on the mannequin next to you catches on fire. what is the appropriate course of action?
Use the drop-and-roll method to put out a fire in burning clothing, douse it in cold water, or, if an emergency shower is nearby, use it.
What method puts out a small, contained fire the quickest and easiest?With a small container, such as a beaker, put out the flames. What safety measures are required when wearing long sleeves and hair long? Roll up your sleeves and keep long hair tied back and away from fire.
What should be done if someone's clothes unintentionally catch fire, and why?Stop, drop, and roll while keeping cool and calling if your clothes catch fire. If your clothing catches fire, you should employ the "stop, drop, roll-cool, and call" approach to put out the flames and reduce burn damage.
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The amino acid alanine is often taken by weight lifters to enhance performance. Which part of alanine gives the amino it's distinctive properties? A. hydrogen atom B. amino group C. R group D. carboxyl group
The R group of alanine gives the amino it's distinctive properties.
What is alanine?
Alanine is an amino acid which is found in proteins. It is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins, and it is considered a non-essential amino acid because the body can synthesize it from other compounds. It plays an important role in the transport of nitrogen from one part of the body to another. It is also involved in glucose metabolism and energy production.
What are Amino acids?
Amino acids are organic molecules composed of amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid. They are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential components of all living organisms. There are 20 different types of amino acids that are commonly found in proteins.
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if a guard cell expressed a potassium channel that constantly pumped potassium into the cell, what would be the effect on the stomata?
If a guard cell expressed a potassium channel that constantly pumped potassium into the cell, then the b) stomata would always be open.
When potassium ions will be pumped into the guard cells constantly, the level of water inside the guard cells will decrease. In other words, the amount of solute will increase and the amount of solvent will decrease.
As a result, more amount of water will be pumped from the roots to the guard cells. This will cause the water concentration to also increase. Hence, the guard cells will open the stomata so that all of the excess water that has been transported to the guard cells could be removed into the environment. The guard cells will close once the pottasium channel is disturbed.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
If a guard cell expressed a potassium channel that constantly pumped potassium into the cell, what would be the effect on the stomata?
Multiple Choice
a) Stomata would function normally.
b) Stomata would be always open.
c) Stomata would be always closed.
d) Stomata would open and close at random.
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Which phase of mitosis is shown at the letter 'C'?
A- Interphase
B-Prophase
C- Metaphase
D-Anaphase
E-Telophase
The phase of mitosis given by the letter 'C' here is Metaphase.
What is mitosis?In the process of mitosis, a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The term "mitosis" means " threads," and it is referred to the threadlike aspect of chromosomes as the cell prepares to divide. The process of mitosis consists of five morphologically distinct phases prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
The metaphase begins as soon as the prometaphase ends and then the chromosomes align along the cell equator. Every chromosome has at least two microtubules extending from its kinetochore with at least one microtubule hitched to each pole. At this particular juncture, the pressure within the cell becomes balanced, and the chromosomes no longer move back and forth. In addition, the spindle is now complete , and three groups of spindle microtubules are evident. Kinetochore microtubules attach the chromosomes to the spindle pole; interpolar microtubules extend from the spindle pole across the equator, nearly to the contrary spindle pole; and astral microtubules draw out from the spindle pole upto the cell membrane. One of the cell cycle checkpoints happens during prometaphase and metaphase.
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1. Give reasons. a. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis. b. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. c. Wall of ventricles is thicker than that of auricles. d. Wall of arteries is thicker than that of veins. e. Heart is slightly tilted towards right
Answer:The left ventricle has the thickest wall out of all the chambers. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping the blood towards the tissues of the heart. This is why more muscles contracting inside the left ventricle helps produce a higher force to move the blood towards the system.
Explanation:a) They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under high pressure; collect blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart. (b) They have thin walls with valves inside, blood flows under low pressure and carries blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.
Where might you be recognized for an
individual agriculture project that you
take on and complete?
A. the classroom
B. FFA
C. SAE
D. ACC
comparisons of bone size and osteoarthritis between agriculturalists and their hunting and gathering ancestors indicate that agricultural populations generally engaged in more strenuous activities.
Comparisons of bone size and osteoarthritis between agriculturalists and their hunting and gathering ancestors indicate that agricultural populations generally engaged in more strenuous activities are False.
Comparison of bones from hunter-gatherers to later farmers to modern humans shows a marked reduction in size. The increasing prevalence of agriculture around the world he said has resulted in two phenomena declining nutritional quality and increasing infectious diseases.
Hunter-gatherer skeletons show higher activity. Domestication produced more food per unit area than hunting and gathering, so more people could be fed in the same area. Violence increased. One of the most important innovations that emerged around the same time as agriculture was ceramics.
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you are doing a biochemical analysis of molecules from cells from patients with a certain disease compared to cells from control patients who do not have the disease. you find that patients with the disease have unusually high levels of cytosine molecules with ch3 groups attached to their cells. which modification has taken place in the cells from the disease patients?
Since you find that patients with the disease have unusually high levels of cytosine molecules with ch3 groups attached to their cells. The thing or modification that has taken place in the cells from the disease patients is called DNA methylation.
What is methylation and why is it important?Every single cell in the human body undergoes billions of times of methylation, an essential biochemical process. It performs a wide range of biological processes, including detoxification. expression of DNA.
The biological process of methylation involves the addition of methyl groups to the DNA molecule. Without altering the sequence, methylation can modify the activity of a DNA region. DNA methylation often suppresses gene transcription when it occurs at a gene promoter.
Therefore, DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark in which DNA methyltransferases covalently transfer a methyl group to the C-5 position of the DNA cytosine ring (DNMTs). Hence, in the above case, the use of the will give you a better result of what you are looking for.
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An experienced dental assistant is instructed by the orthodontist to train the new assistant so that she can be an effective member of the orthodontic team. What background information should an orthodontic assistant understand about malocclusion and its causes?.
The orthodontist assigns an experienced dental assistant to train the new assistant. He must explain to the beginner that malocclusion refers to incorrect tooth alignment and the way that the upper and lower teeth fit together.
Misaligned teeth have a number of significant causes, including:
teeth and jaws are not the same size. An unusual or habitual thumb-sucking behaviour swallowingtooth decaya few of jaw birth deformitiesWhen the jaw is too small for the size of the teeth, teeth misalignment most frequently results. The teeth become too close together due to a slight size difference, leading to misalignment.To learn more about teeth click here:
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The most abundant of the formed elements in blood are ___.
A. white blood cells
B. red blood cells
C. antibodies
D. platelets
Answer:
Explanation:
B) Red Blood Cell
Answer:
Red Blood Cells
Explanation:
What are the products that result from photosynthesis and that also serve as the starting materials for cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen are the products that result from photosynthesis and that also serve as the starting materials for cellular respiration.
Through a process known as photosynthesis, plants turn carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into oxygen and sugar-based energy.
Plants are the most well-known examples because, with the exception of a very tiny number of parasitic or mycoheterotrophic species, they all possess chlorophyll and are capable of producing their own food. The algae make up the other significant class of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms.
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for use later.This technology is mostly used to supply energy to the planet's biological processes. According to human engineering standards, it is not particularly effective, but it gets the job done.
The oxidation of biological fuels in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, during the process of cellular respiration results in considerable amounts of energy that are utilised to power the primary production of ATP.
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the concept of inheritance which suggested that the determinants of hereditary traits are transmitted in discrete units from one generation to the next is called inheritance.
A fundamental idea in genetics, genetic inheritance describes how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
Genetic inheritance happens as a result of DNA being handed from one set of parents to another during conception.The process by which a kid inherits genetic characteristics from its parents is known as genetic inheritance. Each of us is born with particular traits that we cannot change from our parents. These genetic traits are passed down to us through fertilisation, the reproductive process.Depending on the location of the gene and whether one or two normal copies of the gene are required, diseases brought on by mutations in a single gene are typically inherited in a straightforward way.
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If a cosmetic ad uses a simplified medical illustration to explain how the product works (such as by showing how a skin cream rejuvenates skin cells), what type of execution is this ad using?
This chapter has described the aging process at various ages. Different areas of our facial skin are continually being affected by gravity.
Why is advertising execution crucial?All the components of marketing must function well for strategy to be implemented. Tradeshows, advertising, public relations, participation in social media, and blogging, for cosmetic ad, can all work together to produce leads.
What is the advertising creative execution style?The method used to carry out or display a marketing communication appeal is referred to as creative execution. A specific marketing communication appeal can be carried out in a number of different ways, and a specific method of execution can be used with a number of different marketing communication appeals.
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1. Not all cells are the same. Each has a different function within an organism, and for different kinds of organism. How do these cells “know” what their role is?
2. From your answer in no. 2, can you relate to why organisms are different from each other?
The presence of DNA in the cell educates about its eventual role. The difference in organisms occurs because of their difference in the genes.
What are the functions of cell?
Cell is the building blocks of living organisms. They mostly helps in providing
Structure and supportGrowthTransportEnergy productionMetabolismreproductionDNA gives instructions to the cell through the DNA informing messenger RNA (mRNA) that is used in protein production. The transfer of information occurs through two processes transcription and translation.
The major difference between organisms is the genes. But monozygotic twins are genetically identical to each other they only differ in biological processes. Mutation is the process that changes the sequence of genes in DNA which made living organisms different. Another source is gene flow which is the movement of genes between different groups of organisms.
Hence DNA is the genetic material that instructs the role of cells and made organisms look different to each other.
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Interpret Data Per erving , which of the food included in the table ha the mot protein ? Which ha the mot carbohydrate ? Which ha the mot fat ?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, or a combination of these substances make up all food.
These three nutrients,carbohydrates, protein, and fat are all necessary for your body to function. To have a healthy diet, eat a variety of foods that provide these nutrients. Body uses carbohydrates as its primary source of fuel and energy. Carbohydrates function similarly to the fuel in an automobile.
In your body, carbohydrates are converted to glucose or sugar. For your brain and muscles to function properly, you need this glucose. Without them, you cannot survive.
Your body converts carbs into glucose (also known as sugar) therefore they cause a rise in blood sugar. In order to maintain good health and control your blood sugar, you must consume the proper amount of carbohydrates.
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Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and co2 for their carbon source are called _____.
Photoautotrophs are prokaryotes that use CO2 as their carbon supply and light as their energy source.
Cells called photoautotrophs are those that absorb light energy and utilise CO2 as their carbon supply. Cyanobacteria are among the numerous photoautotrophic prokaryotes. Some bacteria, known as cyanobacteria or blue-green bacteria, are photoautotrophs (formerly called blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria produce chlorophyll just like plants do. In actuality, cyanobacteria are the cause of plant evolution.
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describe the roles of each of the components of the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environment of the cell.
Embedded proteins can be hydrophilic, with charged and polar side groups. Or hydrophobic with nonpolar side groups (BC NO HBOND).
Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions (amphipathic). The hydrophilic phosphate regions of the phospholipids are oriented toward the aqueous external or internal environments, while the hydrophobic fatty acid regions face each other within the interior of the membrane.
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water. In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopics are attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water.
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How could you use the steps for evaluating a player for a concussion in evaluating whether someone is concussed
A baseline concussion test is often performed using a computer for evaluating a player whether someone is concussed.
What do you understand by concussion test?Testing for concussions measures your brain's recovery from a head injury. Questionnaires or symptom checklists are the main components of most concussion assessments. Concussion exams evaluate your mental agility, memory, focus, awareness, and ability to solve tasks. Your coordination and balance are also tested. One of the methods used to identify a concussion is concussion testing. Concussion tests are used by medical professionals, athletic trainers, and coaches to assess brain function before and after a head injury.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that a baseline concussion test is often performed using a computer for evaluating a player whether someone is concussed.
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Which is strong evidence that similar traits in different evolutionary lineages are the result of homology and not homoplasy?.
Answer:
The traits are also found in many intervening lineages on the tree of life.
Explanation:
which of the following statements is correct regarding lung sonography performed during an efast exam? a. the exam is started on the anterior chest in the second or third intercostal space. b. lung sliding excludes pneumothorax at that location. c. the probe should be positioned perpendicular to the chest wall between two adjacent ribs. d. all of the above e. a and b only
The exam is started on the anterior chest in the second or third intercostal space, lung sliding excludes pneumothorax at that location, and the probe should be positioned perpendicular to the chest wall between two adjacent ribs.
Pneumothorax :
A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. It occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of the lung and makes it collapse. It can be a complete lung collapse or only a portion of the lung can collapse.
What are the Symptoms of Pneumothorax?
Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens when trying to breath in, Bluish skin caused by a lack of oxygen, A dry, hacking cough, Rapid breathing and heartbeat, etc.
The Answer is D. All of the above
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3) which of the following concerning enzymes is false? a) any enzyme can be used many times. b) any enzyme can perform many different chemical reactions. c) enzymes break down at high temperatures. d) they are all proteins.
Any enzyme can perform many different chemical reactions is false about concerning enzymes .
Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of metabolism, or the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. Some substances are created while others are destroyed. Enzymes are found in all living things.
Enzymes are naturally produced by our bodies. However, enzymes can also be found in manufactured goods and food. One of the most important functions of enzymes is to help with digestion. Digestion is the process by which we convert the food we eat into energy. Enzymes, for example, are found in our saliva, pancreas, intestines, and stomach. They digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. These nutrients are used by enzymes for cell growth and repair. The body contains thousands of different enzymes. Each enzyme has a single function. Sucrose, for example, is broken down by the enzyme sucrase. Lactase is an enzyme that digests lactose, a type of sugar found in milk.
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