Answer:
d.
Explanation:
The response of Ada's Home Store has been in order for the price war to begin as Ada's Home Store lowered prices even lower than David's Furnishings did. Thus option D is correct.
What is the Price?A price refers to the amount which takes place between two individuals when performing the exchange of goods and services. This price is determined by the willingness of both parties involved in the exchange.
A price war took place when the competitors lower their prices in order to retain more customers will create conflicts in the market.
In the given case when an organization named David's Furnishings lower its prices with its competitors to begin a price war the competitors also lower their prices in order to capture the market gain effectively.
Therefore, option D is appropriate.
learn more about the price, here:
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Which of the following would be an example of an implicit cost?
(i)
forgone investment opportunities
(ii)
wages of workers
(iii)
raw materials costs
Group of answer choices
Answer:
(i) forgone investment opportunities
Explanation:
Implicit costs are the same as the opportunity costs of using a company's resources. There are the foregone benefits of not investing in project B but opting for project A. Implicit costs are associated with the resources that a business already owns.
Implicit costs are used to calculate the economic value of a project. They help managers assess how best to use the available resources. Wages of workers and raw materials costs represent explicit costs, which are direct materials of a project.
The comparative financial statements prepared at December 31, 2015, for Prince Company showed the following summarized data:
2015 2014
Income statement
Sales Revenue 190,900 167,300
Cost of goods sold 113,000 102,000
Gross Profit 77,900 65,300
Operating expenses and interest expense 56,700 53,700
Pretax income 21,200 11,600
Income Tax 6,200 3,100
Net Income 15,000 8,500
Balance Sheet
Cash 4,600 6,500
Accounts Receivable (net) 15,300 16,900
Inventory 40,300 32,600
Operational Assets (net) 46,400 36,400
106,600 92,400
Current liabilities (no interest) 15,100 16,100
Long-term liabilities (10%interest) 44,900 44,900
Common Stock (par $5) 29,900 29,900
Retained Earnings 16,700 1,500
106,600 92,400
1. Present component percentages for 2015 only.
2. Respond to the following for 2015:
What was the gross profit percentage?
Answer:
Prince Company
1. Component percentages for 2015:
Income statement 2015 Percentage
Sales Revenue 190,900 100%
Cost of goods sold 113,000 59% (113,000/190,900 * 100)
Gross Profit 77,900 41% (77,900/190,900 * 100)
Operating expenses and
interest expense 56,700 30% (56,700/190,900 * 100)
Pretax income 21,200 11% (21,200/190,900 * 100)
Income Tax 6,200 3% (6,200/190,900 * 100)
Net Income 15,000 8% (15,000/190,900 * 100)
Balance Sheet 2015 Percentage
Cash $4,600 4.3% (4,600/106,600 * 100)
Accounts Receivable (net) 15,300 14.4% (15,300/106,600 * 100)
Inventory 40,300 37.8% (40,300/106,600 * 100)
Operational Assets (net) 46,400 43.5% (46,400/106,600 * 100)
Total 106,600 100%
Current liabilities (no interest) 15,100 14.2% (15,100/106,600 * 100)
Long-term liabilities (10%interest) 44,900 42.1% (44,900/106,600 * 100)
Common Stock (par $5) 29,900 28% (29,900/106,600 * 100)
Retained Earnings 16,700 15.7% (16,700/106,600 * 100)
Total 106,600 100%
2. Gross profit percentage for 2015: 41%
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Income statement 2015 2014
Sales Revenue 190,900 167,300
Cost of goods sold 113,000 102,000
Gross Profit 77,900 65,300
Operating expenses and
interest expense 56,700 53,700
Pretax income 21,200 11,600
Income Tax 6,200 3,100
Net Income 15,000 8,500
Balance Sheet
Cash $4,600 $6,500
Accounts Receivable (net) 15,300 16,900
Inventory 40,300 32,600
Operational Assets (net) 46,400 36,400
Total 106,600 92,400
Current liabilities (no interest) 15,100 16,100
Long-term liabilities (10%interest) 44,900 44,900
Common Stock (par $5) 29,900 29,900
Retained Earnings 16,700 1,500
Total 106,600 92,400
A call option has an exercise price of $150.At the option expiration date, the stock price could be either $100 or $200.Which investment would combine to give the same payoff as the stock?
A) Lend PV of $100 and buy two calls.
B) Lend PV of $100 and sell two calls.
C) Borrow $100 and buy two calls.
D) Borrow $100 and sell two calls.
Answer:
A) Lend PV of $100 and buy two calls.
Explanation:
For the option expiration date, it is mentioned that the stock price could be either $100 or $200 so it would be the final payoff either in $100 or $200
Now the lending of the present value i.e. $100 would be compulsory
So, the two calls values would be
= ($200 - $150) × 2
= 100
Total value be
= $100 + $100
= $200
Therefore the first option is correct
And all the other options are wrong
A 12-year, 5% coupon bond pays interest annually. The bond has a face value of $1,000. Blank 1. Fill in the blank, read surrounding text. -12.38 % is the percentage change in the price of this bond if the yield to maturity rises to 6% from the current yield to maturity of 4.5%?
Answer:
The answer is "12.38 %".
Explanation:
Please find the complete question in the attached file.
Price of face [tex]= \$ \ 1,000[/tex]
Yearly Coupon Rate [tex]= 5 \%[/tex]
Yearly Coupon [tex]= \$ \ 1,000 \times 5 \%[/tex]
[tex]= \$ \ 50[/tex]
Maturity time [tex]= 12 \ years[/tex]
Bond yield [tex]= 4.5 \%[/tex]
Price [tex]= \$ \ 50 \times PVIFA(4.50 \%, 12) + \$ \ 1,000 \times PVIF(4.50 \%, 12)[/tex]
[tex]= \$ \ 50 \times \frac{(1-( \frac{1}{1.045})^{12})}{0.045} + \frac{1,000}{1.045^{12}}\\\\= \$ \ 1,045.59[/tex]
Returns shift to [tex]6 \%[/tex]
Price [tex]= \$ 50 \times PVIFA(6 \%, 12) + \$ 1,000 \times PVIF(6 \%, 12)[/tex]
[tex]= \$ 50 \times \frac{(1-(\frac{1}{1.06})^{12})}{0.06} + \frac{1,000}{1.06^{12}}\\\\= \$ \ 916.16[/tex]
Shift in prices:
[tex]= \frac{(\$ \ 916.16 - \$ \ 1,045.59)}{\$ \ 1,045.59} \\\\ = -12.38 \%[/tex]OR [tex]=12.38 \%[/tex]
Faster Company uses the periodic inventory method and had the following inventory information available:
Units Unit Cost Total Cost
1/1 Beginning Inventory 15 $8.00 $120
1/20 Purchase 60 $8.80 528
7/25 Purchase 30 $8.40 252
10/20 Purchase 45 $9.60 432
150 $1,332
a. Assume that the company uses the FIFO method. The value of the ending inventory at December 31 is $:__________
b. Assume that the company uses the average-cost method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:_________
c. Assume that the company uses the LIFO method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:_________
1. Determine the difference in the amount of income that the company would have reported if it had used the FIFO method instead of the LIFO method.
2. Would income have been greater or less?
Question Completion:
A physical count of inventory on December 31 revealed that there were 55 units on hand.
Answer:
Faster Company
a. Assume that the company uses the FIFO method. The value of the ending inventory at December 31 is $:____516______
b. Assume that the company uses the average-cost method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:____488.40_____
c. Assume that the company uses the LIFO method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:__472_______
1. The difference in the amount of income if it had used the FIFO method instead of the LIFO:
Cost of goods sold under FIFO = $816
Cost of goods sold under LIFO = $860
Difference in income = $44
2. The income would have been greater by $44 because the FIFO charges less cost than the LIFO, especially when costs are rising.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Faster uses the periodic inventory method.
Date Units Unit Cost Total Cost
1/1 Beginning Inventory 15 $8.00 $120
1/20 Purchase 60 $8.80 528
7/25 Purchase 30 $8.40 252
10/20 Purchase 45 $9.60 432
Total 150 $1,332
Ending inventory 55
Units of goods sold 95
Average cost = $1,332/150 = $8.88
Under FIFO:
Ending Inventory = 45*$9.60 + 10*$8.40 = $516
Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale minus the Ending Inventory = $1,332 - 516 = $816.
Under Average-Cost Method:
Ending Inventory = 55 * $8.88 = $488.40
Cost of goods sold = 95 * $8.88 = $843.60
Under LIFO method:
Ending Inventory = 15*$8.00 + 40*$8.80 = $472
Cost of goods sold = $860 ($1,332 - $472)
Write 5 reasons why finding money to pay for college is important for you and your future.
1. Just in case your parents don't have enough money getting a job can help you pay for your collage yourself
2. When finding money after you are done you don't have to pay any student loans
3. Finding money can help you for your future cause if u pay for you collage you will have no stress and have extra money to buy important values
4. Finding money can help you get in a really good collage if u have enough
5. it makes you more determined and make you feel better about yourself
Not the best but here is a try
A stock has a correlation with the market of 0.53. The standard deviation of the market is 29%, and the standard deviation of the stock is 32%. What is the stock's beta?
Answer: 0.58
Explanation:
Given the parameters in the question, Beta can be solved by the following formula;
= Correlation with market * ( Standard deviation of stock / Standard deviation of market)
= 0.53 * (32%/29%)
= 0.58
A private not-for-profit entity is working to create a cure for a disease. The charity starts the year with one asset, cash of $700,000. Net assets without donor restrictions are $400,000. Net assets with donor restrictions are $300,000. Of the restricted net assets, $160,000 is to be held and used to buy equipment, $40,000 is to be used for salaries, and the remaining $100,000 must be held permanently. The permanently held amount must be invested with 70 percent of any subsequent income used to cover advertising for fundraising purposes. The rest of the income is unrestricted.
During the current year, this health care entity has the following transactions:
1. Receives unrestricted cash gifts of $210,000.
2. Pays salaries of $80,000, with $20,000 of that amount coming from purpose-restricted donated funds. Of the total salaries, 40 percent is for administrative personnel. The remainder is divided evenly among individuals working on research to cure the disease and individuals employed for fundraising purposes.
3. Buys equipment for $300,000 by signing a long-term note for $250,000 and using restricted funds for the remainder. Of this equipment, 80 percent is used in research. The remainder is split evenly between administrative activities and fundraising. The donor of the restricted funds made no stipulation about the reporting of the equipment purchase.
4. Collects membership dues of $30,000 in cash. Members receive a reasonable amount of value in exchange for these dues including a monthly newsletter that describes research activities. By the end of the year, 112/112 of this money had been earned.
5. Receives $10,000 in cash from a donor. The money must be conveyed to a separate charity doing work on a related disease.
6. Receives investment income of $13,000 from the permanently restricted net assets.
Pays $2,000 for advertising. The money comes from the income earned in (f).
Receives an unrestricted pledge of $100,000 that will be collected in three years. The entity expects to collect the entire amount. The pledge has a present value of $78,000. Related interest (considered contribution revenue) of $5,000 is earned prior to the end of the year.
7. Computes depreciation on the equipment bought in (c) as $20,000.
8. Spends $93,000 on research supplies that are used up during the year.
9. Owes salaries of $5,000 at the end of the year. None of this amount will be paid from restricted net assets. Half of the salaries are for individuals doing fundraising, and half for individuals doing research.
10. Receives a donated painting that qualifies as a museum piece being added to the entity’s collection of art work that is being preserved and displayed to the public. The entity has a policy that the proceeds from any sold piece will be used to buy replacement art. Officials do not want to record this gift if possible..
A. Prepare a statement of financial position for this not-for-profit entity for the end of the current year.
B. Prepare a statement of activities for this not-for-profit entity for this year.
Answer and Explanation:
Net assets:
Donor without restrictions $488400
Donor with restrictions. $320100
Liabilities:
Notes payable. $250000
Salaries payable. $5000
Deferred revenue $27500
Donated amount in separate entity $10000.
$1101000
Assets:
Cash $738000
Equipment $280000
Receivables $83000
$1101000
Notes:
1. Cash.
Beginning cash $700,000
contributions $210,000
less salaries $80,000
less equipment purchase $50,000
Membership dues $30,000
Add contribution $10,000
Add investment income $13,000
less advertisement pay $2,000
less pay for supplies $93,000
2.Pledges receivable:
$78,000 plus the $5,000 in interest for period
3. Equipment. acquired equipment at $300,000 during the year.
4. Accumulated Depreciation: depreciation amounted to $20,000 for the equipment purchased till date.
5. Deferred Revenue: deferred revenue amounts to 27500 in membership dues since they've only earned 1/12 of the $30000 in exchange transactions.
6. Notes Payable: amount accrued for equipment
7. Salaries Payable: salaries owed employees as at end of the year
9. Donated Amount in Separate Entity. The organization does not hold variance powers for the amount contributed by a donor and so it's a liability
A few years ago the British government was considering retiring, or buying back from investors, some outstanding consols that had annual coupons of . A consol is: A. a coupon bond that pays a variable coupon and has a fixed maturity date. B. a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and does not mature. C. a coupon bond that pays a variable coupon rate and does not mature. D. a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and has a fixed maturity date. If the yield to maturity on other long-term British government bonds was %, the price the British government is likely to offer investors is £ nothing. (Enter your response to a nearest dollar.)
Answer:
a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and does not mature
Explanation:
What will happen to the market value of a bond if interest rates decrease?
a. The market value will decrease
b. The market value will increase
c. The market value will increase or decrease, depending on the general economic climate
d. The market value should remain level
Answer:
b. The market value will increase
Explanation:
In the case when the rate of the interest decrease so the market value of the bond would be increased. As the market value of the bond and the rate of interest has an inverse relationship between them. In the case when the rate of interest increased than the market value of the bond decreased and vice versa
Therefore option b is correct
Leary Corporation had net credit sales during the year of $900,000 and cost of goods sold of $540,000. The balance in receivables at the beginning of the year was $120,000 and at the end of the year was $180,000. What was the accounts receivable turnover?
A. 6.0
B. 7.5
C. 5.0
D. 3.6
Answer:
A. 6.0
Explanation:
On January 1, 20X8, Blake Company acquired all of Frost Corporation's voting shares for $280,000 cash. On December 31, 20X9, Frost owed Blake $5,000 for services provided during the year. When consolidated financial statements are prepared for 20X9, which entry is needed to eliminate intercompany receivables and payables in the consolidation worksheet?
A) Accounts Payable 5,000
Accounts Receivable 5,000
B) Accounts Receivable 5,000
Accounts Payable 5,000
C) Retained Earnings 5,000
Answer:
A) Accounts Payable 5,000 ; Accounts Receivable 5,000
Explanation:
The amount owed as accounts payable (i.e liabilities) would be reduced with the amount of account receivables(assets) i.e. the assets would decrease giving a credit and liabilities would decrease giving a debit.
Suppose that United States produces 10,000,000 barrels of oil and 1,000 bushels of wheat each week. Suppose that Pakistan produces 9753 barrels of oil and 9753 bushels of wheat each week. 1. In autarky, what is the largest amount of wheat United States can consume every week? Number bushels 2. What does the term autarky refer to? a) The process of negotiating terms of trade between two countries. b) A major argument against globalization. c) countries Government policies meant to reduce international trade. d) A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other
Answer:
1. 1,000 bushels of wheat
2. d) A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other
Explanation:
1 & 2. Autarky refers to a situation where a country does not engage in trade with other countries but rather relies on its own production capacities to feed the consumption in the country.
Autarkies in the current world are not a thing because countries trade with each other. Even North Korea trades with Russia, China and others.
In an Autarky situation therefore, the United States would only be able to consume the wheat that it produces itself which according to the question is 1,000 bushels of wheat.
Answer: 1. 1000 bushels of wheat.
2. A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other.
Explanation:
Autarky simply refers to an economy that's self sufficient and doesn't depend on other economies and doesn't trade with them.
1. The largest amount of wheat that the United States can consume every week will be 1000 bushels of wheat. This is because in autarky, nations won't engage in trading so whatever quantity of whameat that's produced will be consumed.
2. Autarky situation where one country does not engage in trade with other. Therefore, the correct option is D.
Pearson Motors has a target capital structure of 40% debt and 60% common equity, with no preferred stock. The yield to maturity on the company's outstanding bonds is 8%, and its tax rate is 25%. Pearson's CFO estimates that the company's WACC is 12.20%. What is Pearson's cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Answer:
rE= 0.163333 or 16.3333% rounded off to 16.33%
Explanation:
The WACC or weighted average cost of capital is the cost of a firm's capital structure which can contain one or more of the following components namely debt, preferred stock and common equity. The formula to calculate WACC of a firm with only two components including debt and equity is as follows,
WACC = wD * rD * (1 - tax rate) + wE * rE
Where,
wD and wE represents the weight of debt and common equity respectively.rD and rE represents the cost of debt and common equity respectively.We take after tax cost of debt (1 - tax rate)To calculate the cost of equity, we can plug in the values of remaining variables as given in the question in the above formula,
0.122= 0.4 * 0.08 * (1 - 0.25) + 0.6 * rE
0.122 = 0.024 + 0.6 * rE
0.122 - 0.024 = 0.6 * rE
rE = 0.098 / 0.6
rE= 0.163333 or 16.3333% rounded off to 16.33%
Yeats Corporation's sales in Year 1 were $396,000 and in Year 2 were $380,000.Using Year 1 as the base year,the percent change for Year 2 compared to the base year is:_________.A) −104%B) 100%C) −4.0D) 96%E) 4.2%
Answer:
The correct option is C) −4.0%.
Explanation:
Since Year 1 is said to be used as the base year, the percentage change can bee calculated using the following formula:
Percent change = ((Sales in Year 2 - Sales in Year 1) / Sales in Year 1) * 100 ........... (1)
Where;
Sales in Year 1 = $396,000
Sales in Year 2 = $380,000
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Percent change = (($380,000 - $396,000) / $396,000) * 100
Percent change = (−$16,000 / $396,000) * 100
Percent change = −0.0404040404040404 * 100
Percent change = −4.04040404040404%
Approximating to one decimal place, we have:
Percent change = −4.0%
Therefore, the percent change for Year 2 compared to the base year is -4.0% and the correct option is C) −4.0%.
An unfavorable production-volume variance ________. A. is not a good measure of a lost production opportunity B. indicates that the company had reduced its per unit fixed overhead cost to improve sales C. takes into account the effect of additional revenues due to maintaining higher prices D. measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used
Answer:
d) measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used
Explanation:
An unfavorable production-volume variance measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used. As per production-volume variance extra fixed costs planned for but not used has unfavorable production-volume variance.
When production-volume variance is unfavorable, that means the fixed cost are allocated on lesser number of manufactured units, hence it indicates that the fixed costs are not controlled well.
Runnerz Inc.,a leading manufacturing and retail company that designs and develops footwear and apparel,has signed a contract with a particular courier service for managing the delivery process.The courier service is required to deliver goods from the factory to the warehouse,to customers,and also to collect customer payments for the goods.This is a typical example of a(n)________.
A) non-equity strategic alliance
B) turnkey operation
C) greenfield investment
D) international licensing agreement
Answer:
A) non-equity strategic alliance
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed about, Runnerz Inc., which is a leading manufacturing and retail company that designs and develops footwear and apparel,has signed a contract with a particular courier service for managing the delivery process.The courier service is required to deliver goods from the factory to the warehouse,to customers,and also to collect customer payments for the goods. In this case we can regard this as a typical example of a non-equity strategic alliance.
Non-equity strategic alliance can be explained as when there is contractual relationship is signed by two independent companies to gather their resources as well as their capabilities even though there is no separate entity or sharing equity. Most of the business alliances are fond of this type of agreement.
Chance, Inc. sold 3,300 units of its product at a price of $87 per unit. Total variable cost per unit is $63, consisting of $41 in variable production cost and $22 in variable selling and administrative cost. Compute the manufacturing margin for the company under variable costing.
a) $135,300
b) $207,900
c) $151,800
d) $287,100
e) $128,700
Answer:
Total manufacturing margin= $151,800
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Units sold= 3,300
Unitary variable manufacturing cost= $41
Selling price per unit= $87
Because we need to calculate the manufacturing margin, we will not take into account the administrative costs:
Total manufacturing margin= 3,300*(87 - 41)
Total manufacturing margin= $151,800
QUESTION 13
6 points
When writing marketing objectives they should be:
A. Realistic, Measurable, Time Specific, Compared to benchmark (smart-specific measurable attainable time
bound)
B. Aspirational, Measurable, Competitive, Unlimited
C. All of the above
D.None of the above
Where are all of my fans at!! I love all of you!! Have a good rest of your day and happy thanksgiving!!!!!
Answer:
thanks!
Explanation:
Answer:
You too!! And also a Happy Thanksgiving to you :)
A company purchased a computer system at a cost of $27,000. The estimated useful life is 6 years, and the estimated residual value is $8,000. Assuming the company uses the double-declining-balance method, what is the depreciation expense for the second year? (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.) a) $8,250 b) $6.000 c) $9,000. d) $7.500
Answer:
$6,000
Explanation:
The calculation of depreciation expense for the second year 5s sh6wn below:-
Depreciation rate as per straight line method=100% ÷ 6
= 16.67% per year
Depreciation as per double decline balance = 2 × Depreciation rate as per straight line method × Beginning value of each period
Year Beginning value Depreciation Ending value
1 $27,000 $9,000 $18,000
(2 × 16.67% × $27,000) ($27,000 - $9,000)
2 $18,000 $6,000
(2 × 16.67% × $27,000)
Trent is a skilled sketch artist who wants to create images for his online portfolio. He is even
toying with including live "watch me draw" videos for audiences, but he doesn't want to use a
webcam. Which piece of technology will most quickly and efficiently allow him to translate the
physical act of him drawing into a digital image?
O a scanner
o a digital tablet
O a stock image
O photo editing software
Answer:
A digital tablet
Explanation:
_______________________ are numerically small, but well organized groups that are able to exert a disproportionate effect on political outcomes.
a. Bipartisan reform organizations
b. Special interest groups
c. Social scientists organizations
d. Bipartisan campaign reformers
Answer:
b. Special interest groups
Explanation:
Indeed, these special interest groups often use several approaches to make certain political outcomes like lobbying, running online petition signing, etc.
For example, the black lives matter group is an example of a special interest group because they were able to exert political influence to change police tactics throughout the United States.
What is the principal ?
Answer
adjective
1.
first in order of importance; main.
"the country's principal cities"
Similar:
main
chief
primary
leading
foremost
first
most important
predominant
dominant
(most) prominent
key
crucial
vital
essential
basic
staple
critical
pivotal
salient
prime
central
focal
premier
paramount
major
ruling
master
supreme
overriding
cardinal
capital
preeminent
ultimate
uppermost
highest
utmost
top
topmost
arch-
number-one
Opposite:
minor
subordinate
subsidiary
2.
(of money) denoting an original sum invested or lent.
"the principal amount of your investment"
noun
1.
the person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group.
"a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco"
Similar:
boss
chief
chief executive (officer)
CEO
chairman
chairwoman
managing director
MD
president
director
manager
employer
head
leader
ruler
controller
head honcho
gaffer
governor
guv'nor
2.
a sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid.
"the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal"
Similar:
capital sum
capital
capital funds
working capital
What is HKDL’s biggest challenge in keeping employees motivated?
Answer:
before u uguihv t
Explanation:
hhgj it u 7uutui
Why is it important to know the cost of inspection in a particular areas of business organization?
Explanation:
Every regulated organization understands the need to implement a quality system. In fact, it’s a “shall” clause for all life sciences companies to ensure they are in compliance with industry regulations. The focus of any effective quality system is, and rightly so, all about ensuring patient safety. From there, as the organization matures, its people, processes and technology evolve from a compliance, to a correction, to a prevention mindset, eventually resulting in increased quality brand recognition and shareholder value.
In the real world, companies need to engage quality system processes, such corrective and preventive action (CAPA), as the lifeline to feed improvements through the change management processes into the product lifecycle, from design inputs to manufacturer and supplier outputs.
Defining the cost of quality
As we look at process and product improvements, quantifying the “quality” costs to the organization is defined as the Cost of Quality (COQ). Why quantify the quality data? The COQ categorizes these costs so the organization can see how moving from a quality assurance (control and correction) focus to a focus on prevention helps to reduce the cost of nonconformances.
The American Society of Quality (ASQ) uses the following formula to calculate the COQ:
Cost of Quality (COQ) = Cost or Poor Quality (COPQ) + Cost of Good Quality (COGQ)
The COPQ contains all the costs of nonconformances that are both internal and external to the organization; whereas, the COGQ contains the cost of quality conformance, including any costs associated with both appraisal and prevention.
Some examples would be:
COPQ – Internal Costs (defects occurring and managed within the organization)
Scrap, Rework, Re-inspection
COPQ – External Costs (defects that reach the consumer)
Adverse Event Reporting, Warranty, Corrections and Removals, Product Liability, loss of brand reputation
COGQ – Appraisal Costs (controls put in place by the organization)
Inspection (purchased, manufactured), Testing (acceptance, field), Quality Audits, Calibration
COGQ – Prevention Costs (activities to eliminate defects from ever occurring)
SPC (statistical process control), Quality Planning, Quality Training, investment in quality-related information systems
What is the cost to your organization?
In the life sciences industry, analysts have stated that less than 50 percent of companies really know what the COQ is for their organization. However, ASQ, Crosby, and FDA Case for Quality show that the COQ for an organization can range from 3 – 25% of a company’s revenue. The good news is that there are known strategies that can be put in place to drive down the COQ which will have a direct positive impact on the profitability of your organization, and it’s all within your control.
Strategies for cost improvements
Every company is at a different point in the evolution of its people, processes and technology implementations, and even its understanding of its key metrics/performance indicators or COQ. Management could consider leveraging the following strategies to reduce their company’s COPQ and positively impact its quality and profitability performance.
Improve supplier relationships for both product and process improvements
Collaborate during design process, engage suppliers in the corrective action process (from incoming, manufacturing or customer-reported problems), develop supplier scorecards, audit suppliers based on their product/process risk levels
Vaughan Company started the year off with an Accounts Receivable balance of $50,000. During the year credit sales were $949,000. Accounts Receivable at the end of year totaled $80,000. What is the average number of days it takes Vaughan Company to collect a receivable? (Do not round your answers in any part of this problem)
Answer:
25 days
Explanation:
To calculate the average number of days, we'll make use of the formula below;
= [(Average receivable / Net credit sales)] × 365
Average receivables = $50,000 + $80,000 / 2 = $65,000
Net credit sales = $949,000
Therefore,
Average collection period
= ($65,000 / $949,000) × 365
= 25 days
It will take Vaughan company 25 days to collect a receivable.
The following information pertained to Azur Co. for the year: Purchases 102,800 Purchase discounts 10,280 Freight-in 15,420 Freight-out 5,140 Beginning inventory 30,840 Ending inventory 20,560 What amount should Azur report as cost of goods sold for the year?a. $118,220.b. $102,800.c. $123,360.d. $128,500.
Answer:
a. $118,220
Explanation:
The computation of the cost of good sold is shown below:
As we know that
Cost of goods sold = Beginning Inventory + Net purchases + Freight in - Ending Inventory
where,
Net purchase is
= Purchases - Purchase returns and allowances - Purchase discounts
= $102,800 - $10,280
= $95,520
And, the other items values would remain the same
so, the cost of goods sold is
= $30,840 + $92,520 + $15,420 - $20,560
= $118,220
hence, the cosr of good sold is $118,220
You are considering opening a new plant.
• The plant will cost $100 million upfront. After that, it is expected to
produce profits of $30 million at the end of every year. The cash
flows are expected to last forever.
1. Calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity if your cost of
capital is 8%. Should you make the investment?
2. Calculate the IRR and use it to determine the maximum deviation
allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision
unchanged.
Answer:
1. $275 million
Yes
2. 30%
Explanation:
Calculation for the NPV of the investment opportunity
NPV = –100 + 30/0.08
NPV= $275 million
Therefore the NPV will be $275 million
Yes, Based on the above Calculation they should make the investment
2. Calculation for IRR
IRR: 0 = –100 + 30/IRR
Hence,
IRR = 30/100
IRR = 30%
Therefore the IRR will be 30%
The IRR is great only in a situation where the cost of capital does not go beyond 30%.
The NPV of the investment is . The investment should be made because it is profitable.
The IRR is 30%. The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged is 30%.
What is the NPV?Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV = -100 + $30 / 0.08 = $275 million.
The NPV is positive. This means the project is profitable.
What is the IRR?Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after-tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested.
IRR = -100 + 30 /1RR
100 = 30 / 1RR
IRR = 30 / 100 = 30%
To learn more about net present value, please check: https://brainly.com/question/25748668
Maxwellâs annual financial statements show operating profit before interest and tax of $508,848 thousand, net income of $311,662 thousand, provision for income taxes of $91,720 thousand and net nonoperating expense before tax of $107,301 thousand. Assume Maxwellâs statutory tax rate for the year is 37%. Maxwellâs effective tax rate is:______________
Answer: 22.84%
Explanation:
Operating profit before interest and tax = $508,848
Less: net nonoperating expense before tax = $107,301
Earning before tax = $508,848 - $107,301 = $401,547
Provision for income taxes = $91,720
Effective tax rate = Provision for income taxes / Earning before tax × 100
= 91720/401547 × 100
= 0.2284 × 100
= 22.84%