The amount of work required to increase the separation of the two ions to an infinite distance is 3.68×10⁻¹⁸joules.
What is work and energy ?When a push or pull applied to an object causes the object to move, that movement is referred to as work. We refer to energy as the ability to perform the work. The work completed in a given amount of time is referred to as power.
Mg²⁺with a charge is 3.2×10⁻¹⁹C
O²⁻with a charge of −3.2×10⁻¹⁹C
distance = 0.25 = 0.25 ×10⁻⁹m
We know that the constant of proportionality is equal to 8.99×10⁹Jm/C²
Work = -kq₁q₂/d
Substitute given values into the formula,
Work = 8.99×10⁹× 3.2×10⁻¹⁹× -3.2×10⁻¹⁹/ 0.25 ×10⁻⁹
Work = 8.99×10⁹×-1.024×10⁻³⁷/0.25×10⁻⁹
Work = 9.21×10⁻²⁸/ 0.25×10⁻⁹
Work = 3.68×10⁻¹⁸Joules.
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Draw the stracture of 2-bromo-4-chloro-3, 3-dimethylhex-1-ene
answer :
this is the structure if you want it
How many ATP does glycolysis produce 4 ATP?
Energy is released when glycolysis occurs, and this energy is utilized to create four molecules of ATP. As a result, glycolysis produces a net gain of two ATP molecules.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic mechanism that transforms glucose to pyruvate is known as glycolysis. This free energy is utilized to create the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Glycolysis is a series of 10 enzyme-catalyzed processes. The initial stage in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism is glycolysis. Glycolysis is divided into two phases: energy-requiring and energy-releasing. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to create energy. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. The process occurs in a cell's cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. It can be found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Here,
When glycolysis happens, energy is released, and this energy is used to build four molecules of ATP. As a result of this, glycolysis generates a net gain of two ATP molecules.
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The gas in a 250.0 mL piston experiences a change in pressure from 1.00 atm to 4.90 atm. What is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant
The gas in a 250.0 mL piston experiences a change in pressure from 1.00 atm to 4.90 atm. 56.2 ml is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant.
What is Boyle's law ?Boyle's law states that at a given temperature, the volume of a gas and its pressure are inversely proportional.
Robert A. Boyle discovered the law in 1662, which states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
Given:
Initial volume (V₁) = 250 mL
Initial pressure (P₁) = 1.00 atm
Final volume (V₂) = ?
Final pressure (P₂) = 4.45 atm
Assuming the gas has an ideal behavior, we can find the final volume by using Boyle's law as follows:
P₁ × V₁ = P₂ × V₂
V₂ = P₁ × V₁/P₂
V₂ = 1.00 atm × 250 mL / 4.45 atm
V₂ = 56.2 ml
Thus, 56.2 ml is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant.
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How did the experiement with boiling water compare with the experiment in which magnesium was added to hydrochloric acid
In the experiment with boiling water and the experiment in which magnesium was added to hydrochloric acid both resulted in gas formation.
Hydrochloric acid and magnesium in a balanced chemical reaction
[tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2}[/tex] = Mg + 2HCl (g).
A gas is hydrogen . This reaction is exothermic (energy is released). New compounds are being produced due to chemical change.
Nothing new is created when water is heated to a boil. Heat is added in this endothermic reaction. Gas is steam. Both experiments a gas is released. One is a chemical change the other is a physical change. One is exothermic while other is endothermic.
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Which of the following would be a reasonable unit for the rate constant of a second order reaction?
1. mol/L.sec
2. mol2/sec.L2
3. 1/sec
4. L/mol.sec
5. L2/mol2.sec
Option (4) is correct. The rate constant of a second order reaction has the unit L/mole. sec.
In the Second order reaction the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant. Rate of Second order reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of two reactants. Such reactions generally have the form,
A + B → products.
Each monomer combines to form a larger molecule is called dimer. For the units of the reaction rate to be moles per liter per second (M/s), the units of a second-order rate constant must be the inverse (M−1·s−1). Because the units of molarity are expressed as mole/L, the unit of the rate constant can also be written as L(mole ·s).
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The photoelectron spectrum for the element nitrogen is represented above. Which of the following best explains how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the ato
f the atom?
A. The leftmost peak represents the valence electrons.
B. The two peaks at the right represent a total of three electrons.
C. The electrons in the ls sublevel have the smallest binding energy
D. The electrons in the 2p sublevel have the smallest binding energy
The electrons in the 2p sub level have the smallest binding energies, which is the best explanation for how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the atom. Option D is correct as a result.
Photoemission spectroscopy, often referred to as photoelectron spectroscopy, measures the amount of energy emitted by electrons from solids, gases, or liquids via the photoelectric effect. This procedure involves getting the energy for the electrons from an outside source, such as sunlight.
The photoelectric effect is a process in which electrons receive energy from an external source, such as sunlight, become excited, and transition from the ground state to the excited state. As a result of this process, there is a constant flow of electrons, which in turn causes a flow of energy.
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Using the table of average bond energies, estimate the energy needed to break the bonds of the reactants and the energy released when the products from for the reaction N2 + O2 –> 2NO. Note N2 has a triple bond and O2 and NO have double bonds.
The energy that is released for the breaking of bonds is 229 kJ/mol.
What is the energy released?We should be able to recall that the enthalpy of the reaction taken to be the energy that is evolved or absorbed in the reaction that is ongoing. We have to note that in the course of the reaction there would be the breaking and the making of bonds.
Now we know that;
The bond energy can be given as;
Sum energy of the broken bonds of reactants - Sum of the energy of the formed bonds
Hence;
(945 + 498) - 2(607)
1443 - 1214
= 229 kJ/mol
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Early chemists, known at the time as alchemists, had a difficult time understanding the Law of Conservation of Mass. Using the burning of wood as an example, what property of matter made this law difficult for early scientists to understand?
Different types of wood burned differently.
Wood is heavier than ash.
The fire was too bright to observe the reaction.
The gases produced escaped to the atmosphere.
Answer:
The gases produced escaped to the atmosphere.
A student dissolved 0.178 grams of a solid monoprotic acid in water and then titrated it. They then performed the same calculation as you just did in question 2 to find the moles and they found that 0.00685 moles were neutralized. What is the molar mass of the unknown acid that was dissolved? (Hint: What are the units for molar mass?)
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 25.98g/mol is the molar mass of the unknown acid that was dissolved.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
Mathematically,
mole =given mass ÷ molar mass
Molar mass of unknown acid= ?
mass of unknown acid= 0.178 grams
moles of unknown acid= 0.00685 moles
Substituting the values in above formula we get
0.00685 = 0.178 ÷ molar mass
molar mass=25.98g/mol
Therefore, 25.98g/mol is the molar mass of the unknown acid that was dissolved.
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A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, what is PHe ?
A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, PHe is 72.3 kPa.
What is total pressure ?Static pressure and velocity pressure are added to create total pressure. There is static pressure in a fluid that is not flowing. The pressure required to accelerate air from a zero velocity to a specific velocity that is proportional to the kinetic energy of the air stream is known as velocity pressure.
Consider the friction that exists between a fluid and the interior surface of a pipe. The fluid's density and velocity are used to compute the dynamic pressure: the total pressure in a mixture of ideal gases is the total of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Total pressure = PO2 + PN2 + PHe
189.9 kPa = 104.6 kPa + 13.0 kPa + PHe
PHe = 72.3 kPa
Thus, A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa,PHe is 72.3 kPa.
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Give the ΔH value for the combustion of ethanol as shown in the reaction C2H5OH(g)+3O2(g)⟶Δ2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)+1278 kJ .
Express your answer using four significant figures. If the value is positive, do not include the + sign in your answer.
The value of the ΔH for the reaction is obtained as 1278 kJ .
What is the value of ΔH?We have to note that the enthalpy change of the reaction has to do with the heat that ahs been evolved or absorbed in a reaction. In this case we have to obtain the enthalpy change by looking at the combustion reaction that has been shown here.
It is clear that from the thermochemical reaction equation, there is the evolution of about 1278 kJ of heat in the process of the reaction as shown in the question that we have above.
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Convert the following numbers into the standard form of scientific notation 0. 010x 10e5
The standard form of scientific notation for 0. 010x 10e5 is 1.0 × 10^3.
Scientific notation is a form of presenting large numbers or very small numbers in a simpler form.
There are some rules to write scientific notation:
The base should be always 10. The exponent must be a non-zero integer.
Absolute value of the coefficient should be greater than or equal to 1 but it should be less than 10.The mantissa carries the rest of the significant digits of the number.
The power of 10 will be positive, if the given number is multiples of 10 then the decimal point has to move to the left. The power of 10 will be negative If the given number is smaller than 1 and then the decimal point has to move to the right.
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write the reaction equation for the reversible chemical reaction that occurs when the indicator bromcresol
Reactions that are reversible have the ability to move both forward and backward. Reactants change into products in a reversible reaction, but products can also change back into reactants.
In actuality, the opposing reaction as well as the forward reaction will occur simultaneously. In some chemical reactions, the reaction's products might combine to form the reactants' original form. Reversible reactions are what they are referred to as. To illustrate them, use the formula: A + B C + D. Only in one direction can irreversible chemical reactions take place. Reactants can transform into products, while products cannot transform back into reactants. Chemical reactions that can be reversed can happen both ways. The products can change back into the reactants, and the reactants can change back into the products.
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A car has a mass of 2,050 kg and is traveling at 28 meters per second. What is the car's kinetic energy?
After solving the equation the car's kinetic energy is 783,500 kg m2/s2.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, or the energy associated with an object or system due to its motion. It is a form of energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, such as thermal energy, sound energy, electrical energy, and so on.
The car's kinetic energy is the energy it has due to its motion. Kinetic energy is calculated as KE = 1/2mv2, where m is mass and v is velocity. In this case, the car has a mass of 2,050 kg and is traveling at 28 meters per second. Plugging these values into the equation gives:
KE = 1/2(2050 kg)(28 m/s)2
= 1/2(2050 kg)(784 m2/s2)
= 783500 kg m2/s2
Therefore, the car's kinetic energy is 783,500 kg m2/s2.
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Which of the following ions has the largest radius?
a. Na+
b. K+
c. CS+
d. Li+
The size of an ion is determined by its atomic radius, which is a measure of the size of the atom from which the ion is formed. The atomic radius of an atom is generally determined by the size of its electron cloud. The size of the electron cloud is influenced by the number of electrons and the energy levels they occupy.
Of the ions given, Li+ has the smallest atomic radius because it has the smallest number of electrons and the highest effective nuclear charge, which means that its electrons are held more closely to the nucleus. Na+, K+, and CS+ have larger atomic radii than Li+ because they have more electrons and lower effective nuclear charges, which means that their electrons are held more weakly by the nucleus.
Therefore, the answer is CS+ has the largest radius.
Is this water or oil
Answer:
it is oil.
Explanation:
it is oil because if water was written that would be wried so I think it is oil.
Sulfuryl chloride is in equilibrium with sulfur dioxide and chlorine gas: so2cl2(g) so2(g) + cl2(g) a system with a volume of 1. 00 l is in equilibrium at a certain temperature with p(so2cl2) = 1. 00 bar and p(so2) = p(cl2) = 0. 10 bar. By how much will the number of moles of so2cl2 at equilibrium change if the volume is reduced to 0. 50 l? (a) increase 1-10% (b) increase 11-50% (c) decrease 1-10% (d) decrease 11-50%
The volume is decreased to 0. 50L, the number of moles of SO₂Cl₂at equilibrium will increase by 1–10% option - a is correct.
What is Le Chatelier's Principle.The guiding idea of Le Chatelier is as follows: A shift in the position of the equilibrium results from a change in one of the variables that characterize a system in equilibrium and cancels out the effects of that change.
Now to solve this question first we have to know the Le-chatelier's
Principle
The Principal that if a system in chemical equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance it tends to change in a way that opposes this disturbance.
SO₂Cl₂(g) ⇄ SO₂(g) + Cl₂(g)
Initially, there is one molecule at the left hand side of the reaction and two molecules are on the right. But, the Partial pressure of molecules on RHS is lower than LHS. Concentration of RHS molecules is Lower, forward reaction is more favorable.
Decreasing volume would result in increasing the total pressure.
Now, according to Le chatelier's Principle, the equilibrium will shift in such a way to oppose change under compression. Since there are more moles of Products than reactants, to counteract the increased pressure. The equilibrium will shift to LHS increasing the moles
of SO₂Cl₂ but since the concentration (Partial Pressure)
of SO₂Cl₂, it will not increase more than 10%
Hence, answer will be (a) Increase 1-10%.
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Hypothesize as to why Seaborg removed the actinide and lanthanide series elements and placed them into their own block!
Which argument supports the claim that dissolving calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water is a chemical change
The argument that supports the claim that dissolving solid calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water is a chemical change is A. The ionic bond among calcium and chloride ions has been broken..
When solid calcium chloride is added to water, the ionic bonds between the calcium ions (Ca2+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are broken apart by the polar water molecules. The calcium ions and chloride ions are then surrounded by the water molecules, forming a new chemical compound called calcium chloride hydrate (CaCl2*xH2O) which is different from the original solid calcium chloride. This process is a chemical change because it creates new substances and the original chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
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the complete question is:
Which of the following arguments supports the claim that dissolving calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water results in a chemical change?
A. The ionic bond among calcium and chloride ions has been broken.
B. By evaporating the water, the solid calcium chloride can be recovered.
C. The ions found in the solid remain in the solution and have not changed.
D. Ions are attracted by the polar water molecules.
Which element has a violent reaction when combined with cold water ?____
Base your answers to the following questions on the electron configurations below:
(A)2s1
(B)[Ar] 3d104s24p1
(C)[Kr] 4d105s25p3
(D)[Ne] 3s2
(E)[Kr]4d105s25p6
The element with electronic configuration 2s1, which is lithium, has a violent reaction with cold water.
The most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr); they all react with cold water violently or even explosively, displacing hydrogen. In the reduction of water to hydrogen gas (H2) and the metal ion hydroxide (OH), Group 1 Metal (M) is oxidised to its metal ions.
The second most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which also exhibit increased reactivity in higher periods like the Group 1 metals. The only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even when heated to a high temperature, is beryllium (Be). Furthermore, beryllium has an exterior oxide layer that is robust, which reduces its reactivity at lower temperatures.
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Among the following radioactive parent isotopes, which has the shortest half-life?A) uranium-238B) potassium-40C) rubidium-87D) carbon-14
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the original number of atoms in a sample to decay.
The isotope with the shortest half-life among the given options is:
D) carbon-14
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years which is shorter than the other isotopes. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years, potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years and rubidium-87 has a half-life of 49.8 billion years, all are greater than the half-life of carbon-14.
So, carbon-14 is the isotope with the shortest half-life among the given options.
It is important to note that the half-life of an isotope is a constant property of the isotope. For example, the half-life of carbon-14 is always 5,730 years and does not change with the amount of carbon-14 present or any other factors.
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2. How many moles of helium are present in a balloon at STP if the volume is 3.7 L? Please show all work!
Using the Ideal Gas Law equation: [tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
P = pressure (kPa)V = volume (L)n = moles (mol)R = gas constant( [tex]\frac{kPaL}{molK}[/tex])T = Temperature (K)STP also known as Standard Temperature and Pressure is a set of conditions at sea level
At STP:
P = 101.3 kPa
T = [tex]0^o C[/tex] or 273 K
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{101.3kPa)(3.7L)}{(8.31\frac{kPaL}{molK})(273K)}[/tex]
[tex]n = 0.16 mol[/tex]
What actions do you take immediately after a burn occurs?
Cool in cold or lukewarm water for 20 minutes.
This should be done as soon as possible after an injury. Never use ice, ice water, cream, or greasy substances like butter on the burn. Be careful to keep the airways open when treating burn victims. Associated smoke inhalation injuries are very common, especially when the patient is burned in an enclosed space such as a room or building. Even people who have been burned outdoors can inhale smoke. Stop the burning process as soon as possible. Remove all clothing and jewelry near the burned area.
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How can you tell which metal is more reactive?
The reactivity of metals depends upon their position in the periodic table and their nature of undergoing chemical reactions.
The primary difference between metals is the ease with which they undergo chemical reactions. The elements toward the bottom left corner of the periodic table are the metals that are the most active in the sense of being the most reactive. Such as alkali metals like Lithium, sodium, and potassium all react with water, thus they are reactive in nature than the metals belonging to alkaline earth metals. The nature of more reactivity of alkali metals is due to larger atomic radius and low ionization energies and they have only one valence electron in its outermost shell.
Thus, the reactivity of metals depends upon their position in the periodic table and their nature of undergoing chemical reactions.
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Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo) and select the correct statement Pressure 760 ton AL C. •D Temperature O Point B represents the triple point for Bo. O Bo changes from a solid to a gas as one follows the line from C to D. O Bo changes from a solid to a liquid as one follows the line from C to D.
O Bo(s) has a lower density than Bol). O The triple point for Bo is at a higher temperature than the melting point for Bo.
The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which all three phases of the substance (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium.
Point B on the phase diagram is the triple point for Bogusium, represented by the intersection of three lines, which indicates that all three phases can coexist in equilibrium at this point.
1. A triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which all three phases of the substance can coexist in equilibrium.
2. Point B on the phase diagram is the triple point for Bogusium, represented by the intersection of three lines.
3. This indicates that all three phases can coexist in equilibrium at this point.
4. Therefore, the correct statement is that Point B represents the triple point for Bo.
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Determine the number of atoms of each element in the following: 3CO3
Describe the physical properties of matter using the graphic organizer below
indicate whether each property can be used to identify a substance, $6.6.864
Mass
Weights
Mass and Weight
Magnetism
Density
Physical properties such as mass, weights , density can be common for one or more substances hence cannot be used for identification while magnetism is unique for each substance ,hence used for identification.
What are physical properties?Any property which describes the state of a physical system is called as a physical property.Changes in physical properties are used to describe changes between the states. They are often related to as observable properties.
Physical property which can be quantified is a physical quantity. These are also classified further with respect to their directionality. Physical properties are differentiated from chemical properties by the way they determine how a substance behaves in a chemical reaction.
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does calcium oxide reacts with carbon monoxide
Yes, calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with carbon monoxide (CO) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and oxygen gas (O2). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
CaO + CO -> CaCO3 + O2
This reaction is an example of a chemical change, as it results in the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. The reaction is also exothermic, meaning that it releases heat.
Calcium oxide is a white solid that is used in a variety of applications, including cement production and the purification of flue gases. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is toxic to humans when inhaled. It is produced as a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
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How many hydrogen atoms are in 1 mg of aspartame?
How many ATP does ATP produce?
The bulk of ATP production occurs during cellular respiration within the mitochondrial matrix, producing around thirty-two ATP molecules for every molecule of oxidized glucose.
What is ATP?The energy currency of the cell is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is a natural chemical molecule made up of phosphate groups, adenine, and the sugar ribose. These molecules supply energy to the body's many metabolic operations. Therefore, it is dubbed "Energy Currency of the Cell". ATP can be utilized to store energy for future reactions or it can be used to pay for reactions when the cell need energy. Animals use ATP to store the energy received from food breakdown. Similarly, plants use ATP molecules to collect and store the energy they receive from light during photosynthesis.
Here,
The majority of ATP is produced during cellular respiration within the mitochondrial matrix, which produces around thirty-two ATP molecules for every molecule of oxidized glucose.
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