A pair of identical twins develop leukemias, where immature white blood cells proliferate uncontrollably. In each case, the cancer cells analyzed from identical twins displayed an identical chromosomal mutation and this critical mutation was not found in the twins normal cells. The twins developed leukemia at different times in their lives. What is the best explanation for the origin of this chromosomal mutation

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The chromosomal rearrangement resulted from a rare somatic mutational event that occurred in utero

Explanation:

Leukemia is a progressive type of cancer where immature white blood cells (leukocytes) proliferate uncontrollably. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have shown that somatic mutations are relatively common in different types of leukemia such as, for example, acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, identical twins are developed from one fertilized egg (ovum) that splits and develops into two identical individuals that share all of their genes (i.e., they have exactly the same genetic information). In this case, it is expected that leukemogenesis was initiated in the utero by the occurrence of a chromosomal rearrangement and proceeded early during development as distinct clonalities. In addition, the fact that identical twins developed leukemia at different times in their lives also indicates that this malignancy wasn't caused by only one mutation, but instead it was triggered by multiple mutational events (i.e., leukemia is a multistep cancer caused by secondary genetic changes).


Related Questions

Which of the following is NOT a way to conserve and/or protect natural resources?
A throwing away plastic water bottles
B. replanting trees that have been cut down
C. taking shorter showers
D. turning the heat down at bedtime

Answers

Answer:

C) Taking Shorter Showers

Explanation:

During DNA replication, if a portion of the original strand is CTGACTT, then the new strand will be
O GACTGAA
TTCAGTC
AGTCTGG
GACUGAA

Answers

Answer:

GACUGAA

Explanation:

it's the opposite letters

The role of the 23S rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is: Question 50 options: helps to form the A site within the ribosome contributes to the process of translocation during the elongation stage of protein synthesis none of these choices is correct actively forms a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis

Answers

Answer:

Actively forms a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis.

Explanation:

The role of the 23S rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis. 23S rRNA has an important function of peptidyl transferase. Both peptidyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA are necessary for synthesis of protein and transpeptidation response. The 23S rRNA positions have a significant function in the binding of tRNA in P site of the large ribosomal subunit.

The diagram shows which structure of the nervous system?
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath
the meninges
a vertebra
a neuron
the cerebellum

Answers

Answer:

C. a neuron

Explanation:

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Which of the following describes a portion of the water cycle that is not driven by
gravity? O
(1 Point)
B) Precipitation of water that has condensed from clouds
D)Water seeping into the ground to enter an aquifer
C)Water flowing in a river toward the ocean
A) Evaporation of water from the ocean to form clouds

Answers

The correct answer is A. Evaporation of ocean water to form clouds.

Explanation

The water cycle is a series of physical-chemical phenomena in which water goes through three states (liquid, solid and gaseous). In this process, the water in a liquid state is evaporated becoming in a gaseous state, and rising towards the sky (against the force of gravity) forming clouds. Once in the clouds, the water condenses, going from a gaseous to a liquid state. After this process, the water precipitates by the action of gravity towards the earth where a process such as the filtration of water in the soil occurs, forming aquifers, the accumulation of water in the rivers that flow into the sea, the freezing of water on the snowy peaks of the mountains, among others. According to the previous explanation, the correct answer is A. Evaporation of ocean water to form clouds.

Can intersex male get their partners pregant?

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

they can produce sperm

IM TIMED PLS HELP

How does deforestation impact greenhouse gases in the atmosphere the most?

A.
Deforestation increases the build-up of greenhouse gases because the removed trees would have consumed carbon dioxide.

B.
Deforestation removes trees, which shelter organisms that release gases that purify the air.

C.
Deforestation decreases the amount of greenhouse gases because trees produce many of them.

Answers

Answer:

Deforestation increases the build-up of greenhouse gases because the removed trees would have consumed carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

Answer:

A.  Deforestation increases the build-up of greenhouse gases because the removed trees would have consumed carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

Burning fossil fuels, in combination with the destruction of carbon sinks due to deforestation and other activities, has contributed to more and more carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere – more than can be absorbed from existing carbon sinks such as forests.

Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking? A. many varieties of fish in the lake B.high dissolved oxygen levels in the lake C. cold water temperature of the lake D. high turbidity levels in the lake​

Answers

D high turbidity, that’s muddy looking water

The water in a lake is not safe for drinking, high turbidity levels in the lake​ Coliform bacteria occur innately in soil and in the intestines of humans and other organism.

What is dissolved oxygen in water?

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the quantity of oxygen that is current in water.

Water bodies obtain oxygen from the atmosphere and from aquatic plants.

Rushing water, such as that of a fast moving stream, dissolves more oxygen than the still water of a pond or lake

Thus, option "D" is correct, high turbidity levels in the lake​.

To learn more about turbidity  click here:

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Fonseca is taking a test. She has to write about adaptations of fish in the coral reef. What should she write?
A.
that some fish in the coral reef are blind due to the absence of sunlight
B.
that some fish in the coral reef survive on marine detritus
C.
that some fish in the coral reef are colorless to protect against prey
D.
that some fish in the coral reef have flat bodies to perform sharp turns

Answers

Answer:

that some fish in the coral reef have flat bodies to perform sharp turns

Which human organ system’s function is most similar to the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

Answers

Answer:

The cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplast are found in plant cells not human body.

Answer:

the respiratory system!

Explanation:

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What happens to a population when its size is equal to the carrying capacity?
a. Its size fluctuates wildly.
b. It increases in size.
c. Its size stays steady.
d. It decreases in size.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

When a population reachs its carrying capacity it will slow down and become steady due to the population reaching its limit on food, water, etc. and they can only feed so many.

When population size is equal to the carrying capacity then "Its size stays steady".

What is population ?

A population means the total number of individuals who cohabit in a certain area.

What is steady-state?

A biofilm that exhibits no net growth or degradation over time is usually referred to as a steady-state biofilm.

A population might slow down and stabilize once it reaches it's own carrying capacity since it will no longer be able to consume as much food, water, and other resources.

Therefore, the correct answer will be option (c)

To know more about population

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5. Which of the following catastrophic events usually affects only coastal regions?
A. floods
B. hurricanes

Answers

Answer:

both but floods are more often

Explanation:

hope it hels

in some flowers, red and white color is codominant. Flowers and be red ( RR), white (rr) or pink (Rr) if two pink flowers are crossed! what percentage of the offspring will also be pink ?

Answers

Answer:

50%

Explanation:

If you do a punnet square you get 1 RR: 2 Rr: 1rr

Select the correct answer.
What is true about the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

A. It relies on the discovery of "missing links."
B. It explains the absence of transition in fossils.
C. It portrays evolutionary change as a smooth curve.

Answers

Answer:

C. It portrays evolutionary change as a smooth curve.

Because of global climate change, arctic landscapes and ecosystems are changing rapidly and perceptibly, as the residents of Newtok, Alaska, can attest. With the land upon which they have built their homes slowly melting and sinking, they have appealed to the state and federal governments for assistance in helping them cover the costs of moving their town to a different location. Ironically,
A) the land upon which the Alaskan state government buildings are located is also melting.
B) the residents of Newtok have discovered oil on their land, making their appeal for funds less convincing.
C) a senator from Alaska has a vacation home in Newtok, Alaska, and so is personally committed to the predicament of the town.
D) decades ago, the U.S. government mandated that they and other Alaskan natives abandon a nomadic life based on hunting and fishing for sedentism.
E) the economic activity of the town of Newtok is extremely polluting and thus a big contributor to the environmental changes that have turned its residents into the first climate change refugees in the United States.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is D)

Decades ago, the U.S. government mandated that they and other Alaskan natives abandon a nomadic life based on hunting and fishing for sedentism.

Explanation:

Sedentism is simply the practice of settling in one geographical location for a long time.

Many governments encourage this to ensure that agricultural systems become developed and more sustainable as was the case in Alaska.

Other governments in some part of the world are also in support albeit for a different reason such as security of lives and property.

Cheers

what are the 5 main important functions of soil​

Answers

Answer:

Six key soil functions are: Soil acts as an anchor for plant roots. It provides a hospitable place for a plant to live in while storing and supplying nutrients to plants. Soil also functions by maintaining the quantity and quality of air by allowing CO

Explanation:

Give an example of homologous and analogous structures

Answers

homologous:  the forelimbs of vertebrates

 analogous the wings of an insect, bird, and bat

Describe how heat will flow
between Part A and Part B
when the tap is opened. Draw
an arrow to illustrate the
direction of heat flow.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

When you bring two objects of different temperature together, energy will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object. The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium is reached, i.e. until their temperatures are equal. We say that heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object.

Which of the following are adaptations present in plants or animals that live in the understory level of the rainforests? (Choose all that apply.)
a. large eyes to see in the darkness
b. broad leaves to catch available light
c. vines and structures to climb towards sunlight
d. thick, waxy leaves

Answers

Answer:

large eyes to see in the darkness

b. broad leaves to catch available light

c. vines and structures to climb towards sunlight

Explanation:

This because Adaptation refers to the ability of plants or animals to adapt, survive and reproduce in it's environment through its developed structural which help it to do so. Plants in the rainforest enjoy abundance of rain and there are thick forest of trees and shrubs. Therefore animals there normally have broad eyes to see in the darkness because the trees form shade easily. The plants normally have broad leaves to receive sunlight

Answer:

- broad leaves to catch available light

- vines and structures to climb towards sunlight

- large eyes to see in the darkness

Explanation:

Organisms that live in rainforests have adaptations that enable them to live in the different conditions that exist in each layer.

What is the main function of the organs shown

Answers

Answer:

In an organ, different tissues work together to carry out a particular function. These are the main organs, as well as their primary function: The brain controls thoughts, memory and other organs. The heart pumps blood around the body.

Explanation:


If humans are really intelligent and not simply manipulated by their genes like
any other animal, why can't they do anything about overpopulation?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

What about war? Why can't we do anything about war?

How about our needs and wants beyond shelter and food?

Of all the things plaguing the world, I think over population is one of the things we can do something about. You are right. But needs and wants play a huge role in why we can't seem to do anything right.

Of course on thinking it over, we have problems that have their roots in overpopulation like pollution.

The fossil presence of anatomically modern humans in ________ demonstrates that our ancestors were capable of substantial water crossings by 40,000 years ago.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - Africa.

Explanation:

Scientists found the fossils of modern humans called Mota an ancient man who lived around 40000 to 45000 years ago in Ethiopia. It was the first DNA isolated from Africa.

This DNA sample says that the Europeans have 6% of the DNA of this modern human, which suggests that there was substantial migration of people into Africa from Europe and the middle east by water crossings.

What are possible effects warming the atmosphere?​

Answers

Higher temperatures are worsening many types of disasters, including storms, heat waves, floods, and droughts. A warmer climate creates an atmosphere that can collect, retain, and drop more water, changing weather patterns in such a way that wet areas become wetter and dry areas drier.

a mass extinctions is

Answers

Answer:

Mass extinction is when biodiversity or species in a living habitat decreases to about three-fourths of its original number or to none. Such an event is identified by a sharp change in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the rate of speciation. Mass extinctions are usually associated with organisms that are macroscopic rather than microscopic. Examples of mass extinctions are Permian extinction of marine species, and Cretaceous extinction of various species, including dinosaurs.

What is the major issue that we are faced with as discussed in this video kiss the ground What is the proposed solution? plssss

Answers

Save our soil in hopes the soil might just save us.” This is the central statement of Kiss the Ground I think the major issue is that we need to save our soil because our soul is dying out.

Which of the following statements best describes what happens during exercise?
(Please explain why each of the incorrect statements are wrong. Thank you!)

A.
Blood vessels in the muscles dilate to increase blood flow.

B.
Blood vessels in the heart dilate to increase blood pressure.

C.
Blood vessels in the organs dilate to increase blood oxygen.

D.
Blood vessels in the lungs dilate to increase blood volume.

Answers

the answer would be D

why are minerals important for our body? describe the 2 groups of minerals

Answers

Minerals are needed for the proper composition of body fluids, including blood, and for the proper composition of tissues, bone, teeth, muscles and nerves. Minerals also play a significant role in maintaining healthy nerve function, the regulation of muscle tone, and supporting a healthy cardiovascular system. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace minerals.

Explanation:

.

Manipulate the settings to model the scenario. Observe what happens to the
observations in the Lab Guide,
About laboratory work
Stream Slope
Gentle
Amount of Rainfall
None
Surrounding Terrain
Plain
Mountains
Check
Pause
5 of 10

Answers

Answer:

subject?

Explanation:

Only you can complete this question because only you have access to the necessary modeling program.

In ecosystems, plants transform light energy from the Sun into chemical energy when they make sugar. This sugar can then be consumed by other organisms to be used as building blocks for other molecules, such as proteins and fats, or it can be transformed into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, when the organism moves. Which of the following statements is supported by the above information? A. Energy can change forms, but only one kind of matter exists. B. Matter can change forms, but only one kind of energy exists. C. Matter and energy can change forms and locations in ecosystems. D. Matter and energy must always remain in the same form and location.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C. Matter and energy can change forms and locations in ecosystems.

Explanation:

The answer is the matter

I’m not sure but do anybody know this ‍♀️

Answers

deletion is the correct choice
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