High attrition rates in the development of cancer drugs have been attributed, in part, to the low repeatability of preclinical drug discovery models. Ineffective experimental planning and a lack of scientific transparency may result in experimental biases that have an impact on the reliability, validity, and reproducibility of results.
Here, we identify causes of experimental variability in traditional 2D cell-based cancer drug screening to assess the impact of confounders on cell viability for platinum medicines (cisplatin and carboplatin) and a proteasome inhibitor treated MCF7 and HCC38 breast cancer cell lines (bortezomib). According to variance component analysis, differences in cell viability were more frequently related to the selection of the medication and cell line than to the kind of growth media or the length of the test incubation period.
Due to the possible danger of evaporation and the resulting impact on dose-response curves, alternative ways of keeping diluted pharmaceutical medicines and the use of DMSO controls should be carefully considered. For HCC38, MCF7, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-436 cells that had been treated with bortezomib and cisplatin, the results were repeatable thanks to the optimization of the experimental conditions, which also significantly enhanced the quality of the data. Together, these results show that by identifying potential confounders and subsequently optimizing experimental parameters for each cell line, cell-based drug screens' replicability (the analyst repeats the experiment multiple times) and reproducibility (different analysts perform the same experiment under different experimental conditions) can be enhanced.
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After wheat fild is clears wild grasses and weeds begin to grow this process is considered
After the clearance of wheat field, the growth of wild grasses and weeds is considered as the ecological succession.
What is ecological succession?Ecological succession is defined as the sudden change that is encountered in a particular ecological environment whereby certain species are being replaced by another set of species.
The various stages of ecological succession include the following:
nudation, invasion, competition and coaction,reaction and stabilisation.The various types of ecological succession include the following:
Primary succession: This type of succession occurs when a habitat is being colonized by particular species for the first time.Secondary succession: This is the type of succession whereby the ecological environment is being replaced by another specie after a disturbance like wildfire or deforestation.Learn more about succession here:
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Which of the following is true of mitosis:
A) It permits growth and repair.
B) It is required for organism development.
C) It is responsible for the development of gametes.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.
Answer:
A) Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair
Explanation:
The production of new molecules and the breakdown of old molecules in the cell is called:_______.
The production of new molecule and the breakdown of old molecules in the cell is called metabolism.
what is metabolism?
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
B-complex vitamins: These help metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, activating stored energy instead of letting it turn to fat. Niacin, vitamin B-6, and iron: This impressive trio increases your body's production of the amino acid L-carnitine to help burn fat.
Metabolism can be conveniently divided into two categories:
Catabolism - the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy
Anabolism - the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells
Metabolism is closely linked to nutrition and the availability of nutrients. Bioenergetics is a term that describes the biochemical or metabolic pathways by which the cell ultimately obtains energy. Energy formation is one of the vital components of metabolism.
so, formation of new molecules is called metabolism
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A new strain of rice was developed to be resistant to popular weed killers. What could be a negative outcome from the production of this new rice variety?
A.
The rice crops will be more productive due to less competition with other plants.
B.
If it accidentally spreads to areas where it is unwanted, it will be difficult to remove.
C.
There are no possible negative outcomes from this new strain of rice.
D.
Farmers will be able to spray weeds growing near the rice without worrying about killing the rice.
A new strain of rice gives more production but a negative outcome is spread to unwanted areas, hence option b is correct.
What is a strain of rice?Due to agricultural laws that prohibit the keeping of seeds from harvests and the planting of plants of a different genetic make or made by a different company.
You need to locate a pesticide that your plants are resistant to, find each one of them individually, and pluck them, or treat your entire garden with a pesticide that would kill all of your plants but not the resistant variety.
Therefore due to the spread in unwanted areas, new strains of rice have a negative impact.
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You wish to investigate how exercise affects the rate of cellular respiration. You decide to squeeze a ball for 5 minutes and around 3 minutes you begin to experience a burning sensation and fatigue. This means your muscles are beginning to run out of oxygen. What process is causing the burning in your muscles?
During an exercise, the process that is causing the burning in your muscles is the production of lactic acid in anaerobic respiration.
What is the effect of exercise on cellular respiration?Exercise refers to any activity that involves planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movements that are performed in order to maintain or improve the physical fitness of the body.
During exercise, the rate of cellular respiration increases, and similarly the rate of breathing increases.
At a point during the exercise, where the rate of oxygen consumption by the muscles exceeds the rate at which it is replenished during breathing, the cells of the muscles switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration.
During anaerobic respiration in the muscle cells, lactic acid is produced. The production of lactic acid in the muscles results in a burning sensation in the muscles as well as producing feelings of fatigue.
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Please help me with 3 now please
Answer:
1.40 plants each
2.1.667 each approximately 2each
¿What is Marsh...?
.
¿What is Marsh?
It is the one that has its soil that is swampy. It is in a depression, below the level from sea. It is affected by floods and, in coastal areas, by seas.
¿What is Marsh?
By marsh it is known that it is a humid ecosystem with herbaceous plants that grow in the water, sometimes They are usually associated with estuaries or land near the sea, and usually have substrates with sandy bottoms.
DUE SOON- Please Help
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
(02.02 HC) The table below shows the habitat and foraging habits of two fish species in a marine ecosystem. Fish Species Data Species Habitat Eating Habits A Up to 1,000 meters deep Eats large fish B Deeper than 1,000 meters Eats shrimps An invasive species that lives in habitats up to 1,000 meters deep and feeds on small fish only was introduced in this ecosystem. What would be the likely impact? Species A’s population will decrease due to limited space. Species B’s population will decrease due to limited space. The population of species A will decrease due to limited prey. The population of species B will decrease due to limited prey.
The likely impact is that the species A's population will decrease due to limited space in the ecosystem
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is the community of all living organisms and their interactions with non-living organisms. They function as the system as a whole. Itrefers to the system's biotic and abiotic components. The ecosystem's abiotic factors are light, temperature, and water. Plants, animals, and bacteria are the biotic components of an ecosystem.
A lack of food and space are two limiting factors. Because of competition for resources such as food and space, population growth slows and levels off. The carrying capacity (K) is the maximum population size that can be supported in a given area without causing habitat destruction.
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Answer:
I think its d/The population of species B will decrease due to limited prey.
Explanation:
if you were trying to get people to try your product (protein) how would you promote it?
NEED HELP ASAP.
If you were trying to get people to try your product (protein), you could promote it by highlighting its benefits, such as its ability to help build muscle, or by offering discounts or samples.
What is protein?
Large biomolecules as well as macromolecules known as proteins are made up of one or more extended chains of amino acid residues. Among the many tasks that proteins carry out in living things are catalysing metabolic processes, replicating DNA, reacting to stimuli, giving cells and organisms structure, and moving molecules from one place to another. The primary way that proteins differ from one another is in the order of their amino acids, which is determined by the nucleotide sequence of their genes and typically causes a protein to fold into a particular 3D structure that controls its activity.
A polypeptide is an ordered sequence of amino acid residues. At least one lengthy polypeptide is present in every protein. Less than 20–30 residue polypeptides are frequently referred to as peptides and are rarely thought of as proteins.
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Summarize the stages of cellular respiration and explain it's relationship to body temperature.
will mark brainliest
Cellular respiration is a catabolic process which involves the oxidation of glucose molecules. It produces energy and is also responsible for increase in body temperature.
What is Cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process which involves the oxidation of glucose molecules in the mitochondria of cell. It results into formation of ATP molecules.
The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm which is known as glycolysis. This is the step where glucose molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. A small amount of energy is also released in this process. The second stage occurs in the mitochondria of cell which is citric acid cycle. This is the step where the small molecules combine with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and a large amount of energy. The third stage is known as Oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular respiration is affected by the temperature as the speed of biomolecules varies with temperature. They move faster and slower as temperature rise and fall, respectively.
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difference of collective intelligence and group intelligence
Explanation:
Collective intelligence is the process by which a large group of individuals gather and share their knowledge, data and skills for the purpose of solving societal issues while.
Heliotropism is a type of phototropism. Why do the leaves in sunflowers, daisies, and buttercups move with the sun?
In the onion root cell division lab,If your observation had not been restricted to the tip of the onion root, how would the results be different? (Hint: cells are only dividing in certain areas)
If observation had not been restricted to the tip of the onion root, then the results would be different because only in this meristematic region the cells continue in the process of division, and cell division has different rates at different tissues.
What is mitosis?Mitosis is the cell division process in which somatic body cells are generated in a multicellular organism, which is generated at different time rates in different parts of the body.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that mitosis is not a uniform process in all the body parts of a multi-cellular organism.
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What are some example of an animal organs? Plant organs?
Animals have organs including the stomach, liver, lungs, and heart. Plants have two different kinds of organs: stems and leaves. Organ systems are collections of organs in higher organisms.
Organ systems are a set of organs working together to maintain good biological performance; organisms are living creatures generated by an ordered collection of systems. Organs are a group of tissues that come together to form a complex structure with a special function. The vegetative and reproductive organs of plants can be distinguished. The root, stem, and leaf are vegetative plant parts, whereas the flower, seed, and fruit are reproductive. The reproductive organs are necessary for reproduction, but the vegetative organs are crucial for sustaining a plant's existence (they carry out key tasks like photosynthesis).
In light of this, we may affirm that animals have organs such as the stomach, liver, lungs, and heart. Both stems and leaves are various types of organs in plants.
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¿What is the Medium?
¿What is the Medium?
it is the place inhabited by living beings, it can be terrestrial like the desert, forest, and it can also the desert, forest, and it can alsobe aquatic like lakes and oceans.
This is or Oceans
Hope this helped or you!
2.04 Cell Transport Lab Report biology
Evaluate the lab and data collected. What type of transport occurred in this lab? Explain your answer, including evidence from your experiment to support your explanation.
The lab and the data gathered are required to determine the type of transit that took place. Since they are not there, a description of the various methods of transportation will be presented.
Cell TransportDiverse types of transporters allow different substances to move through the cell membrane, including water, proteins, ions, and molecules of various sizes. Each molecule's transport strategy is influenced by its concentration, size, and polarity.
The two categories of transportation are active and passive.
Since active transport works against the concentration gradient, it requires energy to move molecules. This group consists of;
Simple diffusion ; is the movement of tiny molecules from one side of the membrane to the other as a result of the concentration difference.
Osmosis: Water moves through a membrane from one area with few molecules to one with many molecules. Water flows within or outside of the cell to balance the solute concentration on either side of the membrane.
Proteins are used in a process known as "facilitated diffusion" to move big molecules, ions, or hydrophobic compounds from one side to the other. In this sort of transport, we have carrier proteins that attach to a particular molecule, change its shape, and transport the molecule, as well as proteins that construct channels to allow those hydrophobic molecules to pass through the lipid membrane.
Since active transport works against the concentration gradient, it requires energy to move molecules. Using ATP, the sodium-potassium pump transports sodium outside the cell and potassium inside. With this transport, the ions travel to the areas with the highest concentration.
In conclusion, different types of transport exist; they rely on the molecule's type or concentration ,examine the experiment's components and determine which of these transports might be present to determine what mode of transport took place in the lab.
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Match
Term
Polygenic
Chromosome
Allele
Codominant
Definition
A) one of two alternate forms of a gene
B) a threadlike structure of nucleic acids that carry genetic information
C) a relationship between two versions of a gene in which both variations equally
impact the expression of the trait
D) multiple genes that control one trait
The correct natch of the terms and the definitions are:
Polygenic - D) multiple genes that control one trait.Chromosome - B) a threadlike structure of nucleic acids that carry genetic information.Allele - A) one of two alternate forms of a gene.Codominant - C) a relationship between two versions of a gene in which both variations equally impact the expression of the trait.What is codominance?Codominance is a phenomenon in genetics where two alleles (different forms of the same gene) express themselves equally in an organism. As a result, characteristics linked to each allele are shown at the same time.
One common characteristic of people that you can't really see just by looking at them, but that many people are aware of, is their blood type. One A allele and one B allele are present in individuals with the blood type AB. Their blood type is AB because both alleles are expressed simultaneously.
Therefore, the correct option is
Polygenic - D) Chromosome - B) Allele - A)Codominant - C)To learn more about codominance, refer to the link:
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Sort the variables of these three studies based on whether they are independent or dependent variables.
Study 1: the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants
Study 2: the effect of penicillin on the growth of E. coli
Study 3: the effect of progesterone on the ovulation of rats
Independent variables (IV) always cause an effect on the dependent variables (DV) and on results. 1) IV: Light, DV: flowering patterns. 2) IV: Penicillin, DV: E. coli growth. 3) IV: Progesterone, DV: Ovulation.
What are dependent and independent variables?
While conducting an experiment, several variables might influence the results.
Independent variables are those in which the researcher is interested and wants to know its effect on another variable. These independent variables are the ones that influence other variables and the experiment results.
The dependent variable is the other one in which the researcher is interested. This is the one affected by the independent variable, so the researcher wants to know how it changes according to the changes of the independent variable.
Controlled or constant variables are all the remaining variables that might affect the results, but the researcher is not interested in their effect. To avoid their effect on the dependent variable, they must be constant.
Among the exposed examples,
Study 1: the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants
Independent variable: LightDependent variable: flowering patternsStudy 2: the effect of penicillin on the growth of E. coli
Independent variable: PenicillinDependent variable: E. coli growthStudy 3: the effect of progesterone on the ovulation of rats
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H₂ + O2 → H₂O2 16g 2g 18g The chemical equation above demonstrates that--
The chemical equation demonstrates that mass is neither created nor destroyed and it obeys law of conservation of mass as mass is restored in the products .
What is law of conservation of mass?According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .
Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.
Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.
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When you revised your track, how did the law od conservation of energy lead to less kinetic energy than your first track. Be sure to mention the connection to gravitational potential energy as well. HELPP PLEASEEEE
If a person revised their track, the law of conservation of energy lead to less kinetic energy than their first track because Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the person descends the track. Some of the system's energy is altered into heat energy by friction. The energy cannot be returned to the system's potential or kinetic energy once the kinetic energy has been transformed into heat.
How does the law of conservation of energy apply to kinetic and potential energy?Note that:
KE + PE = constant.
An easy illustration involves a stopped car at the summit of a hill. The car drives faster as it goes down the hill, which results in an increase in kinetic energy and a decrease in potential energy.
Therefore, According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy can only be altered from one form of energy to another and cannot be created or in any way be destroyed.
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12. A fossil was found in a sedimentary rock layer. The igneous layer directly above
the sedimentary layer was analyzed for radioactive uranium. You found equal
amounts of uranium and lead in the igneous sample. This means that the
relative / absolute age of the igneous layer is 704 million years, and the
age of the fossil in the sedimentary rock layer below is older / younger than
704 million years.
A fossil was found in a sedimentary rock layer. The igneous layer directly above the sedimentary layer was analyzed for radioactive uranium. You found equal amounts of uranium and lead in the igneous sample. This means that the absolute age of the igneous layer is 704 million years, and the age of the fossil in the sedimentary rock layer below is older than 704 million years.
Beds or strata are the layers in which sedimentary rocks are deposited. A layer of rock with a consistent lithology and texture is referred to as a bed. Sedimentary layers are deposited on top of one another to create beds. Bedding refers to the pattern of beds that define sedimentary rocks.
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What is the difference of meiosis and mitosis?
9. Is the condition in this pedigree inherited as a recessive or a dominant trait?
Answer: Recessive trait.
Explanation:
First generation:
In the first generation of the pedigree, the female is affected, while the male is not affected. Thus, the female must have at least one copy of the disease gene, while the male may or may not be a carrier.
Second generation:
They mate to give a normal female progeny. This female progeny has two X chromosomes, one from each parent. The female mates with a normal male and one of their sons are affected by the condition. This leads us to believe that the female was a carrier, and so was the male, and thus, the son has one affected gene from each parent, making him homozygous recessive for this condition.
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A previous study claims that 75% of all students graduate
on time. You believe the percentage is lower than that.
Which of the following would be the hypotheses?
When the hypothesis is tested, it is discovered that there is insufficient evidence to draw the conclusion that the percentage is less than 75% because the test's p-value is 0.0957 > 0.05.
If the proportion is 75%, it is tested at the null hypothesis, which is:
200 is the sample size.
Positive result, x = 142
Sample proportion, 0.71; p = x/n
a = 0.05
Alternative and Null Hypothesis
H1: p 0.75 (the proportion of students who graduate on time overall is less than 75%).
testing data:
Z = (p-p)/(p*(1-p)/n) = (0.71/0.75)/(0.75*0.25/200) = -1.3064
p-value:
NORM.S.DIST(-1.3064, 1) = 0.0957, p-value (Using Excel Function)
Decision:
p value >, not proving the null hypothesis
Conclusion:
There is insufficient evidence to claim that less than 75% of students graduate on time.
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03. Select All Correct Statements Pertaining to the Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Reaction Step in Glycolysis.
ATP is Needed to Generate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate.
Fructose is Needed to Generate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate.
Glucose-6-Phosphate is Needed to Generate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate.
Inorganic Phosphate is Needed to Generate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate.
None of the Statements are Correct.
-
In the process of conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate step in glycolysis, glucose-6-phosphate is needed to generate dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Glycolysis?Glycolysis is the process of formation of pyruvate from the catabolism of glucose molecule. This process produces ATP, NADP, and FADH₂ molecules.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) reaction step involves the conversion of DHAP to glyceradehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase. This enzyme catalyzes isomerization of a three-carbon sugar into another three-carbon sugar (G3P).
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate lies in the glycolysis pathway, and is one of the two products formed by the breakdown of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, along with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. It is rapidly and reversibly isomerized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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A
B
Which type of bacteria develop
resistance more easily and are
more harmful to humans, in
general?
Gram-negative bacteria this
Gram-positive bacteria
Answer:
a) Gram-negative bacteria
Explanation:
Gram-negative bacteria develop resistance more easily and are more harmful to humans than that of Gram-positive bacteria. Hence, the option (a) is the correct answer.
Answer: Gram-negative bacteria
Explanation:
Which is true of Gram-
positive bacteria?
A. a thin cell wall with little
peptidoglycan
B. causes E. coli and chlamydia
C. dyes purple with crystal violet and
iodine in its cell wall this
D. more threatening and difficult to
kill with antibiotics
Answer:
D
Explanation:
ti know its right because i have answred this question before
Answer:
c) dyes purple with crystal violet and iodine in its cell wall.
Explanation:
Gram-positive bacteria dyes purple with crystal violet and iodine in its cell wall. Hence, the option (c) is the correct answer.
HELP ME PLEASE ILL GIVE BRAINLY
Answer:
1. Methionine, Glycine, Tyrosine, Isoleucine, Stop
2. 5, circle AUG, GGC, UAC, AUC, UGA
3. There will be 5 amino acids because we have 5 codons.
Explanation:
For this first question, we will need a codon chart, such as the picture I put up.
To find the amino acids with this, we will be using first, the first circle with the 4 big bold letters. for example we will use amino acid AUG.
Find A on the first circle. Then we will move down to the slightly less bold letters. find U.
Now, on the last set of letters, find G and the amino acid it is paired with. We got Methionine.
2. This will explain it probably, if not lmk and I'll go in depth.
A codon is any 3 letters (nucleotides) from either DNA or RNA that creates amino acids.
3. You need 3 codons to create 1 amino acid.
If we have 5 codons represented to us, we will as a result get 5 amino acids.
Hope this helped :)
1. Which of the following statements about rock and mineral resources is true?
Choose all that apply.
a. There are no valuable minerals in Antarctica.
b. Rock and mineral resources are distributed evenly across the globe.
20. Exc. Rock and mineral resources are distributed randomly across the globe.
d. Most of the deposits shown on the Figure 4 resource map were used by prehistoric
people.
Vloga jert is e
are. The cost of extracting valuable minerals is the same everywhere in the world.
f. The value of a rock and mineral deposit depends on its size, shape, location, and
concentration.
Answer:
C Rock and mineral resources are distributed randomly across the globe is the answer
Which of these is an example of negative feedback?
1. As a blood clot begins to form, the process of its formation gets faster and faster.
2. After you eat, glucagon stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels.
3. After you eat, insulin stimulates the lowering of blood sugar levels.
4. The digestive enzyme pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by the action of hydrochloric acid; pepsin itself can then convert pepsinogen into pepsin.
5. Once labor begins, contractions increase in frequency and intensity.
After you eat, insulin stimulates the lowering of blood sugar levels is an example of negative feedback
Blood sugar levels are raised after eating, and insulin causes them to fall. In this case, the stimulus is countered by the response (raised blood sugar levels) (by lowering blood sugar levels). A negative feedback mechanism, often referred to as negative feedback homeostasis, is a system that is activated by an output deviation and results in output changes that are the exact opposite of the deviation that caused it.
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