A sarcomere that is at a resting length of 1. 7um will generate less force when compared to a sarcomere at 2. 15um.
As the actin and myosin filaments are best aligned when sarcomeres are at their resting length, this produces peak tension. As sarcomere length decreases, actin filaments are drawn along myosin filaments, which in turn draws the z-lines nearer to the myosin filaments. In the formula, 2T represents the separation between bands 1 and 2. T is the halfway point between 1 and 2.
Divide the measurement from 1 to 2 in mm by 2. Frequently, the ideal muscle length is the length at which it can produce the most active force. If the muscle length doesn't change but the muscle tension does, then the contraction is said to be isometric.
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population genetics is the study of total genetic variation of a population through time. select one: true false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Population genetics is the study of variation within populations of individuals, and the forces which shape it. Do with this info as you may. Also just paste the question into another search engine. This tends to give different results
a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of dna is 5'-aaa-3'. the anticodon on the trna that binds the mrna codon is ________.
Answer:87/09
Explanation:because
which of the following describes the role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism? i. glutamine synthetase converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine using one molecule of atp ii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase is reversible iii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation iv. glutamine synthetase converts glutamine to glutamate
The role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism is: (iii) the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation.
Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme. It condenses glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. It controls the use of nitrogen inside cells. The location of the enzyme in the body is: brain, kidneys, and liver.
Protein degradation is carried out by a process called ubiquitination where ubiquitin tags are added to the protein destined for degradation. The ubiquitin tags are not added randomly instead they are added to the amino group of the side chain of a lysine residue.
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how can introduced species disrupt ecosystems? question 10 options: by causing habitat fragmentation by increasing biodiversity by crowding out native species by decreasing competition
Introduced species can disrupt the ecosystems by crowding out native species
What is an ecosystem ?Invasive species have the potential to wipe out native species, reduce biodiversity, compete with native organisms for scarce resources, and modify environments. This may have significant negative economic effects and fundamentally alter the ecosystems of the Great Lakes and the seashore.
Ecosystems can be destroyed by some imported species that are invasive. These animals procreate quickly and are frequently hostile. Because they have no natural predators, they can 6 outcompete local species and change habitats.Learn more about Ecosystem here:
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which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain?
B is the letter that shows the shape wherein cranial nerve fibers from the retina pass to the alternative side of the brain.
The fibers in cranial nerves have four different purposeful kinds somatic afferent, visceral afferent, efferent visceral, and somatic efferent. these are the “well-known” useful sorts however, a few nerves have “unique” ingredients.
The cranial nerves offer afferent and efferent (sensory, motor, and autonomic) innervation to the systems of the head and neck. Cranial nerves will have sensory features, motor capabilities, or both. For example, cranial nerves help us make facial expressions, pass our eyes, and procedure smells. Spinal nerves we've 31 pairs of spinal nerves branching out of your spinal wire. those nerves can offer sensory function, motor characteristics, or both.
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are proteins that bacterial cells secrete into their environment. answer biofilm exotoxins endotoxins bioremediation
Exotoxins are proteins that bacterial cells secrete into their environment.
In the field of biology, exotoxins can be described as types of toxins that are produced by bacteria and secreted into the external environment. These exotoxins can be harmful to the host in which the bacteria resides and may cause a number of diseases and infections in the host.
Exotoxins are protein compounds that are harmful to the body of the host organism and might alter the normal functioning of the host body mechanisms,
In humans, exotoxins can produce a variety of malfunctions such as inhibition of normal proteins or inflammation of the parts where the bacteria reside.
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Which gene would you most likely suspect is not regulated at the posttranscriptional level?.
A gene that shows a strong positive correlation between the amount of mRNA produced and the amount of protein produced is not regulated at the posttranscriptional level
What is a gene ?The term "gene" has numerous interpretations in biology. A fundamental component of heredity is the Mendelian gene, and a molecular gene is a DNA sequence of nucleotides that is translated into functional RNA. Molecular genes can be divided into two categories: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes.
Gene expression is specifically regulated at two levels. The first method of controlling transcription is by regulating the quantity of mRNA that can be generated from a given gene. The second level of control involves post-transcriptional processes that manage how mRNA is translated into proteins.Learn more about Gene here:
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Which of the following eats only eucalyptus leaves?
Answer:
Koalas can eat them, but I'm not really sure what the options are when you say the following
Explanation:
where are hadley cells found? where are hadley cells found? in the atmosphere near the poles in the water near the equator in the water near the poles in the atmosphere near the equator
Hardley cells can be found near the equator which is in the atmosphere.
So, the correct option is D.
Both sides of the equator contain Hadley cells. Energy is transported from the equator to about the 30th latitude by each cell, which latitudinally circles the globe. These phenomena can be observed in the circulation: Heavy precipitation results from warm, humid air combined close to the equator. The Hadley Cell consists of air rising close to the equator, moving in the direction of the North and South Poles, returning to the Earth's surface in the subtropics, and then moving back toward the equator at the planet's surface. This causes tropical easterlies and trade winds to form.
Hadley cells are low-latitude overturning circulations where air rises near the equator and sinks at about 30° latitude. Low-latitude weather patterns are governed by them, as well as trade winds.
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The most likely explanation for this inheritance pattern is that the secretor trait is.
An individual who secretes their blood type antigens into bodily fluids like saliva is referred to as a secretor. A non secretor, in contrast, does not. Blood type has no bearing on a person's secretor or nonsecretor status.
What is secretor?Blood group refers to inherited antigens that are recognized by certain antibodies on the surface of red blood cells. Blood group substances are used in medico-legal examinations because once the human body determines a blood group, it stays that way for the duration of life. The ABO system is made up of serum antibodies that are matched to antigens on the outside of red blood cells.
The antigens that are present in their blood will also be present in other body fluids, such as saliva, among those who make up a sizable fraction of the population. The secretor system's molecular foundation is dominated by two possibilities.
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(c) (i) The material entering the colon is liquid, but the faeces are usually much more solid. State how this happens.
Answer:
Water is absorbed from the chyme in the colon, leaving the fecal matter more solid in the end
A solid with volume 12 cubic units is dilated by a scale factor of k. Find the volume of the image for 1/4
The volume of the image for 1/4 is 3/16 cubic units.
You can make use of the idea that the solid is composed of 12 cubes, each with a side length of one unit. For k = 1/4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
Given that the initial solid had 12 cubic units. Its volume was the same as the sum of the volumes of 12 cubes with a unit side length. Given that the scale factor of the dilation is k, each cube's side length has been multiplied by k.
Now, V = 12 x k^3 gives the volume of a 12-cube pyramid whose sides are each k units long. Given that k = 1/4, we can calculate V as follows: 12 x (1/4)^3 = 3/16 unit3. Therefore, for k = 1//4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
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This is for biology 1 progress learning assignment and i know all of the miterial but i cant figure this out. pls help
Answer:
Explanation:
hope this helps
During dna synthesis, the sites where the two template strands are unwound and new dna is made are called what?.
The opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, priming of the template strand, and construction of the new DNA segment are the three main phases in replication.
The DNA double helix's two strands uncoil at a specific spot known as the origin during separation. The starting point for the opening of the DNA's double helix structure at the origin of replication for DNA synthesis is known as a DNA unwinding element (DUE or DNAUE).DNA replication takes place in an unwinding, open region known as a replication bubble. When the enzyme helicase divides the two strands of DNA so they may be copied, bubbles are produced.
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Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to.
Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to evolution.
Variations are the differences of characteristics between two species or two populations. These variations can arise due to several reasons like: mutations, gene flow, sexual reproduction and even environmental influence.
Evolution is the long-term phenomenon where heritable changes occur in organisms over successive generations. Evolution is not an individual phenomenon instead it is a population phenomenon where the changes can be seen in a group of individuals. Variations are the stepping stone for evolution. The progenies of the population also exhibit the evolution.
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rest and motion are relative terms give reasons
Earth has several nutrient cycles that share similarities, but also differ. Connect each feature of a cycle that relates to the phosphorus, nitrogen, or carbon cycle. You may use cycles, and the features of the cycles, more than one time each.
Cycle
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Carbon
Feature of Cycle
Excess present in fertilizers can upset the balance of the cycle
Mostly in a form unusable by organisms
Present in soil and organisms
Involved in respiration
Fixed by bacteria from the atmosphere
Often deposited on the ocean floor
Excess present in the atmosphere can upset the balance of the cycle
Excess present in fertilizers can upset the balance of the cycle---- Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
Mostly in a form unusable by organisms--- nitrogen
Present in soil and organisms ---- carbon and nitrogen
Involved in respiration---- carbon
Fixed by bacteria from the atmosphere----- nitrogen
Often deposited on the ocean floor--- phosphorus
Excess present in the atmosphere can upset the balance of the cycle--- carbon.
How are the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles interconnected?Every living organism is made up of atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nitrogen and carbon are present in amino acids which are responsible for making proteins. Phosphates form DNA and ATP molecules. The availability of these elements has great importance to the existence of living things.
Nitrogen Cycle is a process in which nitrogen is converted into other forms that are passing from the atmosphere to the soil, then to organisms, and back into the atmosphere. It has several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, etc.
The carbon Cycle is a process of circulation of carbon through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is a type of gaseous cycle. Phosphorus Cycle is a process of circulation of phosphorus through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is considered a sedimentary cycle.
So we can conclude that the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles are interconnected to each other because they are important for the survival of the organism.
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explain why the maternal strategy typically used by phocids is different from the maternal strategy used by otariids
Phocid maternal techniques fluctuate from that of the otariids, particularly by using a shorter lactation duration and maternal fasting for the duration of the entire lactation period.
Reported obstetric care interventions were basically secure delivery care interventions and the supply of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC), together with cesarean sections. different obstetric care interventions covered the education of healthcare employees and referral for care.
Phocids are also called earless seals or “real” seals. they've ear holes, but no external ear flaps. in addition, they have small front flippers and circulate on land by flopping along on their bellies. At sea, those seals circulate their rear flippers back and forth like a fish's tail to propel themselves through the water.
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the egg of a wasanabina beetle has 5 chromosomes. how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a wasanabina beetle?
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells; one member of every pair is paternal (from the daddy) and one maternal (from the mom). There are 22 matched pairs of autosomal chromosomes, plus one pair of intercourse chromosomes.
Turner syndrome (also known as monosomy X) is a condition because of monosomy. ladies with Turner syndrome typically have the best replica of the X chromosome in every cell, for a total of forty-five chromosomes per cellular. not often, some cells end up with whole extra units of chromosomes.
Definitions of the somatic chromosome. any chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome; appears in pairs in body cells however as single chromosomes in spermatozoa. synonyms: autosome. form of: chromosome. a threadlike strand of DNA within the mobile nucleus that incorporates the genes in a linear order.
Inside the human genome lie about 20,000 genes that encode proteins, the molecules that sincerely construct human cells and our bodies, plus many other DNA factors that control while, in which, and what sort of every gene is expressed (Ezkurdia et al., 2014).
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Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because.
Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because the effected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Alkaptonuria is the genetic disease where the body is unable to breakdown the proteins tyrosine and phenylalanine efficiently. This causes the buildup of homogentisic acid that leaves the body through urine. The urine therefore becomes black in color.
Enzymes are the biological catalysts that are proteinaceous in nature. They are responsible for the enhancement of rate of reaction of the various chemical reactions. As a result the reactions take place at a very fast pace.
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which of these is true of recessive alleles in a complete dominance pattern of inheritance?
a. They can affect the phenotype even if there is only one present.
b. They are only expressed when homozygous in an individual
c. They have a lower probability of being passed on to the next generation.
d. They are rare. In select answer one gene typically select answer the activity of another gene.
Answer:
b. They are only expressed when homozygous in an individual.
what happens during crossing over? during synapsis? how are chiasmata involved in these processes? quiletr
Chromosomes in the cell form tetrads as a result of synapsis. Chiasmata form when they are in tetrads, and when they cross over, genetic material is exchanged between the ends of the chromosomes.
What is synapsis ?The pairing of two chromosomes known as synapsis takes place during meiosis. Prior to their segregation, it enables homologous pair matching and potential chromosomal crossover. Synapsis happens during meiotic prophase I.
During meiosis, a process known as synapsis takes place in which homologous chromosomes pair with their counterparts and remain connected as a result of the exchange of genetic material. Homologous chromosomes are paired during meiosis and then separated to lessen the amount of genetic material in the resulting gamete cells.
In humans, synapsis primarily serves to arrange homologous chromosomes so that they can divide properly and to ensure genetic diversity in progeny. In some creatures, bivalents appear to be stabilised during crossing-over during synapsis.
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Which component of the plasma membrane is involved in defending a cell against
invading microorganisms?
a) Membrane proteins
Ob) Cholesterol molecules
c) Membrane proteins working with cholesterol molecules
d) Phospholipids
The component of the plasma membrane involved in defending a cell against invading microorganisms is the c) membrane proteins working with cholesterol molecules.
Membrane proteins work with cholesterol molecules to form a barrier that prevents microorganisms from entering the cell. The function of membrane proteins in invading microorganisms is to allow the microorganism to attach to and invade the host cell.
Membrane proteins are found on the surface of the microorganism and interact with receptors on the host cell surface. This interaction allows the microorganism to attach to the host cell and then invade it.
Membrane proteins play a vital role in invading microorganisms by providing a mechanism for the organisms to attach to and penetrate the plasma membrane. Additionally, membrane proteins may also be involved in signal transduction, which can help the microorganisms to proliferate and cause disease.
Hence, the correct option is c)
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The ph of the inner thylakoid space, the stroma, and the cytosol of a particular plant cell has been measured. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?.
The stroma's pH is greater than the thylakoid's. glands and organs, and other body tissues are supported and structured by the tissues and cells that make them up.
What does stroma cell mean?Any organ's connective tissue cells, or stromal cells, support the hepatocellular cells of that organ's function. Fundamentally, stromal/stromal cells are a diverse population of cells with divergent differentiation potential based on their environmental context.
In a cell, where is the stroma?The thylakoid lumen, an area of central aqueous tissue, is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. The stroma, a matrix made up of dispersed enzymes, starch granules, and copies of a chloroplast genome, fills the area between both the inner membrane and the thylakoid membrane.
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When a stem cell differentiates and changes in size and shape, specific genes are being(1 point).
When a stem cell differentiates and changes in length and form, unique genes are being EXPRESSED.
Gene expression entails the drift of genetic data from genes (DNA) to RNA and proteins.
Differentiation includes first the transcription of genes to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and second the translation of these mRNAs to proteins.
All through gene transcription, a fraction of DNA called 'gene' is used as a template to create an mRNA within the cellular nucleus.
Ultimately, this mRNA travels to the cytoplasm wherein it is then used as a template to create a protein via the technique of translation.
In conclusion, while a stem cell differentiates and changes in length and form, precise genes are being EXPRESSED.
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of cellular to a greater specialized mobile kind, involving a transfer from proliferation to specialization. This involves a succession of alterations in cell morphology, membrane capability, metabolic pastime, and signal responsiveness.
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which of the following is false about the velocity of an enzymatic reaction (v)? v is at minimum value at the beginning of the enzymatic reaction. v is at maximum value when the active sites of the enzyme are free. v can quite often reach a plateau under certain enzymatic reaction conditions. v is a value that denotes the speed of enzymatic reactions.
The false statement about velocity (v) of enzymatic reaction is: v is at maximum value when the active sites of the enzyme are free.
Active sites are the hollow regions in the enzymes that are regions for the substrate to fit in. The binding of substrates into these active sites are responsible for the chemical reaction to take place. The active site contain amino acid residues that actually form the bonds with the substrate.
Enzymes are the proteinaceous compounds that increase the rate of reaction. These are the biological catalysts that enhance the speed at which reaction occurs. This is done by reducing the activation energy of the reaction.
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Farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?
a. Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
b. Drip irrigation is readily used in large-scale farming because of the low cost associated with this method.
c. Furrow irrigation is a method in which farmers plant two different types of crops in alternating strips which increases productivity.
d. Spray irrigation loses the least amount of water to evaporation.
Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
Surface irrigation is the application of water to the soil surface and its distribution by gravity. It is by far the most common type of irrigation in the world and has been practiced virtually unchanged in many areas for thousands of years. Surface irrigation (also known as flood or furrow irrigation) is one of the oldest methods of irrigating fields, with farmers flowing water down small trenches running through their crops.
Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, is a type of micro-irrigation system that allows water to drip slowly to plant roots, either above the soil surface or buried below the soil surface.
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Lipid-soluble hormones can diffuse into any cell. What allows lipid-soluble hormones to exert a specific effect, only for targeted cells?.
In order to contact a signal sequence in the cell's cytoplasm (lipid-soluble hormones) or to bind a receptor sites protein in the goal cell's cell membrane, hormones either diffuse through the outer membrane.
What do hormones do?The molecular messengers of the body, hormones communicate with tissues and the bloodstream. Hormones affect a variety of bodily functions, including development and development, metabolism—the process through which your body converts food into energy—sexual function, fertility, and mood.
What do hormones mean?Hormonal substances serve as messengers molecules in the body. They are produced in one body part and then transported to others, where they help control how tissues and cells operate. For example, the hormone insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
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after an individual plant has received a heat shock, it may then have an increased ability (above baseline) to withstand further drought because of the expression of specific proteins that enable more efficient use of water. true or false: this observation is an example of adaptation.
This is an important finding because the dominant theory for WUE is predicated on rising plant productivity.
What is the straightforward meaning of protein?A structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, & antibodies.
What use do proteins serve?The body uses protein for a variety of purposes. It promotes metabolic reactions, supports tissue growth and repair, and synchronizes biological processes. Proteins give your body a structural foundation while also ensuring optimal pH & fluid balance.
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Which of the following statements is true about the chromosomes in animal cells?
Select one:
a.
In animals, all cells are diploid.
b.
In animals, gametes are haploid, but all other cells are diploid.
c.
In animals, gametes are diploid, but all other cells are haploid.
d.
In animals, all cells are haploid.
Answer:
In animals, gametes are haploid, but all other cells are diploid.
Explanation:
Most animals are diploid, meaning that adults have two copies of each chromosome in every cell, except the sex cells(gametes) (1 copy of each chromosome).