According to Coulomb's Law two ions in an ionic chemical bond that forms large electrostatic potential then the two will attract each other
Coulomb law states that bond energy is inversely related to the bond length and so factor which influence bond strength influence its length this can allow us to determine some trends in bind length and ionic compound are held together by coulombic attraction and there is a negatively charged ion next to a positively charged ion and two will attract each other and when positively charged ion form a bond with negatively charged ion one atom donate electron to the other and this is known as ionic bind and the chemical molecule sodium chloride is an example
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solutions made of the same type of nanoparticle can be very different colors. choose which property determines the color of a nanoparticle solution.
The volume and shape of a nanoparticle determines how it interacts with light. This determines the color of a nanoparticle solution.
The coloration depends on the size and form of the nanoparticles, in addition to the distance between them. Right here, the red nano gold particles are approximately 20 nanometers across, whilst the orange nano gold particles are about 80 nanometers across.
Nanoparticles appear positive colors because they mirror (scatter) and take in unique wavelengths of visible light. Light which seems white is a more or less same combination of the wavelengths of light that can be perceived by means of the human eye, more or less four 100 to 750 nm.
As particle length increases, the wavelength of surface plasmon resonance associated absorption shifts to longer, redder wavelengths. red light is then absorbed, and blue light is pondered, yielding answers with a faded blue or red color.
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the decomposition of hi(g)hi(g) at 298k298k is represented by the equilibrium equation above. when 100.torr100.torr of hi(g)hi(g) is added to a previously evacuated, rigid container and allowed to reach equilibrium, the partial pressure of i2(g)i2(g) is approximately 3.7torr3.7torr. if the initial pressure of hi(g)hi(g) is increased to 200.torr 200.torr and the process is repeated at the same temperature, which of the following correctly predicts the equilibrium partial pressure of i2(g)i2(g), and why?
PI2 ≈ 7.4 torrPI2 ≈ 7.4 torrs because it is directly proportional to the initial pressure of HIHI.
At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. Once equilibrium is reached, the amounts of each reactant and product remain constant. The equilibrium constant equation is a mathematical relationship that describes how the concentrations of products vary with the concentrations of reactants.
The state of a system whose properties are fixed under unvarying external conditions is called the equilibrium state. Chemical equilibria are dynamic in nature because reactants turn into products and products turn into reactants even after equilibrium is reached. However, the speed of forward and backward reactions is the same. Examples of balance include A book placed on the table. A car that moves at a constant speed. A chemical reaction in which the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
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Create an energy transformation for a whistling tea kettle on a stove. EX: THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL
Answer: thermal from electrical you would need something to take the heat to electrical energy.
Explanation: it creating heat not electricity
When heated, NaOH decompoe according to the following equation. If all of the water i produced a water vapor, what i the expected ma lo for a 8.87 gram ample of NaOH? Report your anwer with three ignificant figure.
2 NaOH () → Na2O () H2O (g)
Answer:
I'm pretty sure its 2.73 g
Explanation:
How did Wegener use the shapes of the continents as evidence that the continents had moved?
Answer:
Wegener used fossil evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis. The fossils of these organisms are found on lands that are now far apart.
Explanation:
Grooves and rock deposits left by ancient glaciers are found today on different continents very close to the equator.
Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of.
Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of mostly space.
What are subatomic particles?The positively charged nucleus of an atom is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The electrons are in constant motion, moving around the nucleus in a random pattern. The size of an atom is determined by the size of this electron cloud. Most of the volume of an atom is actually empty space.
Subatomic particles are usually able to pass through an atom undeflected because they are so much smaller than the atom itself. The nucleus of an atom is only a tiny fraction of the size of the atom, and the electrons are even smaller. Subatomic particles can easily pass through the spaces between the nucleus and the electrons.
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ayou are trying to determine the age of a lava flow using an isotope with a half-life of 1.5 million years. if the sample has gone through four half-lives, what is the age of the rock?
The age of the rock is 6 million years.
What is a half-life of an isotope?
A radionuclide's half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of its radioactive atoms to decay.
Do all isotopes have a half-life?
All isotopes have a half-life if proton decay is real, but those that are stable in a universe without proton decay will simply live a lot longer than the others.
Why are isotopes measured in half-lives?
Due to an isotope sample's exponential rate of decay over time, the half-life is used as a practical measurement. In a fixed amount of time, each atom is given the same chance of decaying, which causes exponential decay.
Age=4 half lives * 1.4MY/half life
Age=6 million years.
Thus, the age of the rock is 6 million years.
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examine the p-block elements of the 2nd period (b through ne). which subshell is being filled while moving across these elements? what is the maximum number of electrons this subshell can hold?
It covers 6 elements, from boron to neon. Boron is in group 13, carbon in group 14, nitrogen in group 15, oxygen in group 16, fluorine in group 17 and neon in group 18. Subshell is being filled while moving across these elements is p subshell with maximum number of electrons this subshell can hold to 6 electrons
Different subshells hold a different maximum number of electrons. Any s subshell can hold up to 2 electrons; p subshell up to 6 electrons; d subshell up to 10; and f subshell up to 14.
The atomic number of boron is 5. Here is the electronic configuration:
B₅ = 1s² 2s² 2p¹
The atomic number of carbon is 6. Here is the electronic configuration:
C₆ = 1s² 2s² 2p²
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Here is the electronic configuration:
N₇ = 1s² 2s² 2p³
The atomic number of oxygen is 8. Here is the electronic configuration:
O₈ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
The atomic number of fluorine is 9. Here is the electronic configuration:
F₉ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁵
The atomic number of neon is 10. Here is the electronic configuration:
Ne₁₀ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
It can be seen that each electron configuration is embedded with a 2p subshell with maximum number of electrons this subshell can hold to 6 electrons.
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select the single best answer. identify the relationship in the following pair. do the drawings represent constitutional isomers or stereoisomers, or are they just different ways of drawing the same compound? if they are stereoisomers, are they enantiomers or diastereomers? h571915x and h571915b
They are just different ways of drawing the same compound, the following pair are diastereomers.
The given pair of compounds are not constitutional isomers, because constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but different bond connectivity. But the given pair have the same bond connectivity.
The given pair of compounds are stereoisomers because they have the same molecular formula but the 3D space arrangement is different. And finally, the given compounds are not mirroring images of each other so we call them diastereomers, not enantiomers. As enantiomers are superimposable mirror images of each other. The structures of the given pair of compounds are attached as a picture.
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determine whether li or na that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. li na determine whether s or mg that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. mg s determine whether c or n that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. n c determine whether cl or al that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. g
Lithium and sodium lithium is more negative electron affinity and magnesium and sulfur then sulfur is more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity and chlorine has more negative electron affinity
Non metal like to gain electron to form anion to have a fully stable octet and they release energy means exothermic and to gain electron to form an anion and thus electron affinity of nonmetal is higher than that of metal
Lithium and sodium that is any lithium is more negative electron affinity and this is because lithium is smaller in size in that of any right due to one share of which strong interaction between nucleus and extra electron uppers and then magnesium and sulfur are both located in the same row in the periodic table and as general rule electron affinities for main group element become more negative moving right across a period and therefore sulfur is expected to have the more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity than its preceding element carbon and the chlorine atom has more negative electron affinity which means that it will release more energy when it accept more electron
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which 2 layers of the earth are made out of rock
based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which atom of the following pair will have the smaller first ionization energy:
based on their positions in the periodic table, the smaller first ionization energy is calcium
Ionization energy is also called as ionization potential is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule and by looking at the periodic table the beryllium and calcium are in the same group with beryllium being 2 period above calcium and therefore the calcium has the smaller first ionization energy and first ionization energy of chlorine is 12.9676 eV
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If 250 ml of methane, ch4, effuses through a small hole in 28 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be.
Answer: 10s
Explanation:
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. To solve such, we need to know the relation between rate of effusion and molar mass of gases. Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between rate of effusion of gases and their molar masses can be given as:
rate of effusion of unknown gas/rate of effusion of methane gas=√molar mass of methane/molar mass of particular gas
The same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same according to grahams law of diffusion.
Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
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without looking at the periodic table, write the complete electron configuration for the group 2 element in the fourth period.
The electronic configuration of the elements of the second group of the second period is 1s²2s²2 1s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s² or 2,8,8,2
To determine the external electronic configuration of an element, knowing the number is needed. Electrons and usage configuration rules (or electron energy levels).
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is the same as the number of protons.
The number of protons is the atomic number of the element. The
elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number.
The elements of group 2 are calcium and magnesium
The atomic number, number of protons, and number of electrons of group 2 elements are 40
Now we can distribute the electrons according to the structural rules:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
The outer shell has n = 2, so the outer electron configuration is 4s²
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if 2.00L of a 0.032M Li2O solution has the water evaporates, what mass of Li2O would remain
Based on the molarity and volume of the solution the mass of Li₂O obtained if 2.00L of a 0.032M Li2O solution has all the water evaporated is 1.92 g.
How many moles of Li₂O are present in 2.00 L of a 0.032M Li₂O solution?The number of moles of Li₂O present in 2.00 L of a 0.032M Li₂O solution is determined using the formula below:
Molarity = number of moles / volume in litersHence;
Number of moles = molarity * volume in liters
Molarity of the Li₂O solution = 0.032 M
Volume of solution = 2.00 L
Number of moles = 0.032 * 2.00
Number of moles of Li₂O = 0.064 moles
Mass of Li₂O = number of moles * molar massMolar mass of Li₂O = 30 g/mol
Mass of Li₂O obtained = 0.064 * 30
Mass of Li₂O obtained = 1.92 g
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Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88
Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.
Answer:
Explanation:
Butanoic acid С₄Н₈0₂
M = 4·12 + 8·1 + 2·16 = 88
The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio. The molecular formula of the compound X with a relative molecular mass of 88 is Butanoic acid and the molecular formula is C₄H₈O₂.
What is molecular formula?The formula in which the actual number of all the atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound is represented is known as the molecular formula.
The molecular formula of a compound is a whole number multiple of its empirical formula.
Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula
Here butanoic acid has the molar mass 88.11 g/ mol and its molecular formula is C₄H₈O₂. It is a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid and it is an oily colourless liquid. It is also used as a food flavoring agent and a safe food additive.
Thus the compound X is Butanoic acid or Butyric acid.
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Which of the following were goals of Reconstruction? Check all of the boxes that apply. to reincorporate the South into the Unionto create a segregated society in the Southto establish equality under law for African Americansto assist African Americans in the transition from slavery to freedom
Answer: The goals of Reconstruction were to reincorporate the South into the Union, to establish equality under law for African Americans, and to assist African Americans in the transition from slavery to freedom.
Explanation: The Reconstruction was the period that followed the Civil War and during which the southern states that had adhered to the defeated Confederation were reintegrated into the Union. The devastating southern unionist invasion, attacks on civilian targets and the destruction of infrastructure, together with the economic policy that was implemented in the territory of the defeated after the war, caused the rise of a bitter rancor of many Southerners against the federal government. :D Hope I helped!
Create an energy transformation for playing the piano. EX: Thermal to Electrical
A piano contains both mechanical and acoustic energy. Mechanical energy is created when you press a key; as a result, the strings vibrate when the hammer strikes them, producing sound.
What converts thermal energy to electrical energy?
Using a thermoelectric generator, thermal energy can be transformed into electrical energy.
What is thermal energy?
The term "thermal energy" is used a lot of different ways in physics and engineering. It may be related to a number of different physical concepts.
What is electric energy?
Electrical energy is related to forces on electrically charged particles and the motion of electrically charged particles, frequently electrons in wires.
Hence mechanical and acoustic energy is a correct answer.
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which element has the longest name
Rutherfordium is the longest element name on the periodic table.
What is Rutherfordium?
Rutherfordium is a chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after the British physicist Ernest Rutherford, who was born in New Zealand. It is not present in nature as a synthetic element and can only be created in a laboratory. It is radioactive; the half-life of the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, is 1.3 hours. It is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements in the periodic table. It is a group 4 element in period 7. Experiments in chemistry have proven that rutherfordium is the heavier homolog to hafnium in group 4. Rutherfordium's chemical properties are only partially known.
Rutherfordium is the longest element name on the periodic table with 13 alphabets in its name.
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80 g of sodium hydroxide reacts with excess sulfuric acid to produce 142 g of sodium sulfate. What mass of sodium hydroxide would be needed in order to make 50 g of sodium sulfate?.
28.16 grams of Sodium hydroxide would be required to make 50 grams of sodium sulfate.
The gram is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram. Gram is something that is related to the mass as well.
Mass is actually the measure of the amount of matter in a substance or any object. The basic SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg), but usually the smaller masses may be measured in grams (g). To measure mass, you would use a balance or even a scale.
In the above question it is said that 80 grams of Sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid to produce 142 grams of sodium sulfate. So then to produce 50 grams of sodium sulfate, the amount of Sodium hydroxide will be;
⇒ 80 × 50 = 28.16 grams
142
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. Balance the equations and identify the type of reaction. (48 points total: 6 points per question=2
points per reaction type and 4 points for the coefficients)
a. ___Na3N → ___Na + ___N2 Reaction Type:
b. ___H3PO4 + ___KOH → ___K3PO4 + ___H2O Reaction Type:
c. ___N2 + ___H2 → ___NH3 Reaction Type:
d. ___H2O2 → ___ O2 + ___ H2O Reaction Type:
e. ___Zn+ ___HCl → ___ZnCl2 + ___ H2 Reaction Type:
f. ___C2H6 + ___O2 → ___ CO2 + ___H2O Reaction Type:
g. ___CuCl2 + ___ H2S → ___CuS + ___HCl Reaction Type:
h. ___N2 + ___ O2 → ___ N2O5 Reaction Type:
The balanced equation of the reaction and the reaction types are given below as follows:
a. 2 Na₃N → 6 Na + N₂ Reaction Type: decomposition reaction
b. H₃PO₄ + 3 KOH → K₃PO₄ + 3 H₂O Reaction Type: Neutralization reaction
c. N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃ Reaction Type: Synthesis
d. 2 H₂O₂ → O₂ + 2 H₂O Reaction Type: Decomposition
e. Zn+ 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂ Reaction Type: single displacement
f. 2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 6 H₂O Reaction Type: Combustion
g. CuCl₂ + H₂S → CuS + 2 HCl Reaction Type: Double displacement
h. 2 N₂ + 5 O2 → 2 N₂O₅ Reaction Type: Synthesis
What are chemical reactions?Chemical reactions are reactions that result in the formation of new substances as a result of chemical changes that occur in the substances undergoing the reaction.
In a chemical reaction, the substances that undergo chemical changes are called reactants while the new substances that are formed are called products.
A balanced equation of a chemical reaction is one in which the moles of atoms of reactants are equal to the moles of atoms of the products involved in the reaction.
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(a) indicate which orbitals in the following list fill before the 4p orbitals. 3d 4s 4d 5s (b) what is the maximum number of electrons in the 4s subshell? (c) an electron in an orbital has the following quantum numbers: n
a. In the following list 4s orbital can be filled before 4p orbital.
b. The maximum number of electrons in 4s subshell is 2.
c. An electron in an orbital has 4 quantum numbers n, l, ml, ms.
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons first occupy lower-energy atomic orbitals before moving on to higher-energy ones. Hence 4s orbitals filled before 4p followed by filled d orbitals. similarly the maximum capacity of s subshell to hold electron is 2, while p subshell is 6, 10 for d subshell and 14 for f subshell. Electron in an orbital can be completely described by principle quantum number n which represents the main electronic shell, Azimuthal quantum number l determines an orbital's shape, magnetic quantum number ml defines how many orbits there are and how they are oriented within a subshell and spin quantum number ms describes the spin of electrons.
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The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) D351A mutant has the P domain Asp 351 residue replaced by alanine. How would this affect the Ca2 ATPase?
SERCA D351A cannot be phosphorylated by it.
What happens if you have low calcium levels?Calcium deficiency can affect every part of the body, resulting in thin, brittle skin, sluggish hair growth, and brittle nails. Calcium has a critical role in both the neurotransmitter release and indeed the contraction of muscles. As a result, persons who are calcium deficient and otherwise healthy may experience seizures.
What happen if you consume too much calcium?Too much blood calcium can harm your bones, develop kidney stones, and have an impact on how well your heart and brain work. Usually, parathyroid glands that are overactive lead to hypercalcemia. These four tiny glands are situated near the thyroid in the neck.
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Question 1-7
In any chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. This result forms the basis of the Law of
Conservation of Mass. Which statement correctly explains why this is a law, rather than a theory?
The law of conservation of matter says that in chemical reaction and the statement is the total mass of the product must equal the total mass of the reactant
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reaction or physical transformation and according to the law of conservation of mass and the mass of the product in a chemical reaction must equal to the reactant that means total mass of the product must equal the total mass of the reactant
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If you forgot to add the primers to your pcr reaction, what would happen and why?.
Your experiment would not work because Taq polymerase needs a tiny bit of DNA to add bases to. Due to the lack of an enzyme that could add new nucleotide bases, your process would not succeed.
What would happen if the primers for your PCR reaction were left out?The primers are absolutely necessary for a PCR reaction to work. The RNA primers must anneal before the heat-resistant DNA polymerases may start replicating DNA. The DNA polymerase cannot work without the primers, and as a result, no product will be produced.
DNA polymerase requires a primer on which it may add the first nucleotide since it can only add a nucleotide onto an already-existing 3'-OH group. This prerequisite allows the researcher to identify a particular area of the template sequence that they want to amplify.
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name a compound that has 4 atoms thats not NH3 or CH4
Answer:
NH4/Ammonium
Explanation:
how does the concentration of an acidic liquid affect the volume of the acidic liquid needed to neutralize an alkaline solution?
Increasing the volume of the solution decreases the concentration of the hydrogen ions which subsequently increases the pH; hence, increasing volume will increase the pH.
What does concentration of acidic liquid affect volume needed for neutralization?Higher is the concentration of H plus ions, more acidic is the solution and lower the concentration of H plus ions, the less acidic is the solution. Basic strength of a solution depends on the concentration of OH minus ions.
When an acid and alkali react together, they produce salt and water. Acid + alkali → salt + water . As you know, water is neutral, so the acid alkali come together to neutralize each other to make pH 7.
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The density of WATER is 1gmL. Is the unlabeled clear liquid WATER? Why or why not?
Can the element gold kick out magnesium from a compound?
Gold cannot replace Magnesium from a compound as gold is placed lowest in the reactivity series of metals. It won't even react with the compound let alone replace it. Gold has great ductile strength and malleability.
Features of Reactivity Series of Metals
The metals at the top of the reactivity series are powerful reducing agents since they are very easily oxidized. These metals tarnish or corrode very easily though.The reducing ability of the metals grows weaker while traversing down the reactivity series.The electro-positivity of the elements also reduces while moving down the reactivity series of metals. All metals that are found above hydrogen in the activity series liberate H2 gas upon reacting with dilute hydrochloric acid(HCl) or dilute sulphuric acid(H2SO4).Metals than on the reactivity series have the ability to displace metals that are placed lower from their salt solutions such as Mg can replace Au but Au cannot replace Mg as Au is kept lowest in the reactivity seriesHigher ranking metals require greater energy for their isolation from ores and other compounds to stay highly reactive.Therefore Gold cannot replace Magnesium from a compound as it is the least reactive metal and therefore, comes lower than Magnesium in the reactivity series
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Uv rays are a type of ""ionizing radiation"" and are energetic enough to damage biological tissue such that they degrade into ions and electrons. What other forms of electromagnetic radiation do you think could be ionizing?.
Other forms of electromagnetic radiation that could cause ionization are X-rays and gamma rays
Ionizing radiation is a form of energy that acts generally by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of materials that include air, water, and living tissue etc. Ionizing radiation can travel unseen and can pass through these materials.
Human activities, such as making medical x- rays, generating electricity from nuclear power plants , testing the nuclear weapons, and producing a wide variety of common products such as smoke detectors which usually contains radioactive materials, can cause additional exposure to ionizing radiation as well.
X-rays and gamma rays have enough energy so that during interaction with atoms, they are capable to remove electrons and cause the atom to become charged or ionized. hence we can call them to be ionizing radiation.
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