Regioselectivity is the preference of chemical bonding or breaking in one direction over all other possible, stereospecific mechanism specifies the stereochemical outcome of a given reactant.
Regioselectivity occurs when two possible reaction products are regioisomers. Stereoselectivity exists when two possible reaction products are stereoisomers. Chemoselectivity occurs when a reactant within a substrate prefers one functional group over another. Markovnikov's law predicts the regiochemistry of his HX addition to unsymmetrically substituted alkenes.
The Zaitsev and Hoffman rule describes the principle of regioselectivity in elimination reactions. Regioselective means that the reaction selectively produces one regioisomer as the major product. The two alkenes are positional isomers because the double bonds are in different regions. A process that favors bond formation at certain atoms over other possible atoms.
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50 points!!!
What happens to the atom when the number of each subatomic particle changes?
During glycolysis, what is the source of the chemical energy that is captured in atp?.
Answer:glucose
Explanation:
Energy released during the breakdown of glucose and other organic fuel molecules from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins during glycolysis is captured and stored in ATP.
Please Help! Please answer ASAP!
15. Scientists may design an experiment with a control group, which is a set of organisms or samples that do NOT receive the treatment (the independent variable) that is being tested. Scientists
can then compare normal changes in organisms or samples with those that might have occurred
because of the treatment. The idea of a "control group" is not the same as a "controlled variable."
Suppose a scientist is doing an experiment to determine the effect of a cancer drug on mice with
lymphoma.
a. What are some of the variables the scientist should control in the experiment?
b. Describe the control group for this experiment.
This is what I have so far, but I could be wrong.
a) A control variable would be the same species of the rat that were used in the entire experiment.
b) A control group is the group of rat that do not have lymphoma.
What is control variable?
The control variable is a group which is unchanged or constant throughout the experiment. They may include temperature, humidity, pressure, experimental techniques, sample volume etc.
In an experiment control variable is the variable which must be kept constant throughout the experiment to keep the outcome of the experiment unaltered. The control group is the one that don't receive the treatment while being tested in an experiment.
Therefore, a control variable would be the same species of the rat used in the entire experiment and control variables are the one which do not have a lymphoma.
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Why can you not selectively epoxidize an alkene with mcpba in the presence of a ketone?.
MCPBA is useful reagent for epoxide formation and ketone to ester formation and it epoxidized alkene to epoxide and also oxidize ketone to ester and so we can't selectively epoxidize an alkene if both alkene and ketone are present
Purified mCPBA is a useful reagent for the oxidation of various classes of aldehyde α branches aliphatic aldehydes undergo beayer villiger oxidation to form formates and α bramced α-β unsaturated aldehydes yield enol formates and or epoxides and α hydoxylated aldehydes yield ketone and most aldehydes and ketone have a low celling temprature below ambient temprature that is these compound do not polymerize above room temprature and mCPBA is strong oxidant comparable to other peracid and the advantage of 3 chloroperbenzoic acid is it handling
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The bond dissociation energy, in kj, to break 1 bond in 1 mole of co₂ molecules is?.
The bond dissociation energy, in KJ, to break 1 bond in 1 mole of co₂ molecules is 1644 kJ.
The bond-dissociation strength is one measure of the power of a chemical bond A−B. it is able to be described as the standard enthalpy alternate whilst A−B is cleaved by way of homolysis to present fragments A and B, which are generally radical species.
Calculation:-
The bond dissociation energy of CO₂ is 1644 kJ.
It is an experimental value.
The bond between silicon and fluorine is stated to have the strongest bond dissociation enthalpy. Covalent bonds among atoms or molecules are stated to have susceptible bond dissociation energies.
The bond dissociation energy is the strength required in an endothermic process—to break a bond and shape two atomic or molecular fragments, each with one electron of the authentic shared pair. for this reason, a very solid bond has a large bond dissociation strength extra power needs to be delivered to cleave the bond.
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which naturally occurring atmospheric gas is particularly of concern to scientists studying human-generated greenhouse gases?
Methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and other manmade compounds are among the main greenhouse gases. Since it now contributes the most to the warming caused by human activity, carbon dioxide is sometimes cited as the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas.
About half of all carbon dioxide emissions from human activity between 1750 and 2010—the most common and longest-lasting greenhouse gas—were produced in just the previous 40 years, primarily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels and industrial operations.
What is Atmospheric gas ?Gases found in the atmosphere of the Earth are known as atmospheric gases. Although greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone) make up 1% of the air, oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of these gases.
About 78% of the gases in the Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, 21% are oxygen, 0.9 % are argon, and 0.1 % are other gases. The remaining 0.1 percent of gases includes trace amounts of neon, water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, and methane.
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HELP ASPPP PLEASE THANKY OU do 6 and 7
Since you will want to keep the three small vials of vaccine cold ( between 2 and 8 degree Celsius) for up to 24 hours you will need an exothermic reaction.
An exothermic reaction can be defined as the reaction in which the energy is released in the form of heat. when we kept water in the freezer , water molecules releases the heat to the surroundings and tend to freeze to ice form.
Thus, Since you will want to keep the three small vials of vaccine cold ( between 2 and 8 degree Celsius) for up to 24 hours you will need an exothermic reaction.
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select all the strong bases from the following list. multiple select question. ca(oh)2 h2so4 nh3 naoh koh
Strong bases are Ca(OH)₂, KOH, NaOH
A strong base is a substances that behave like a base and dissociates completely to give a solution that is composed of its ion and conjugate acid and hydroxyl ion bases are substances that accept hydrogen ion H⁺ from other atom and a strong base is a base that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution and these compound ionize in water to yield one or more hydroxide ion per molecule of base
So in that given data Ca(OH)₂, KOH, NaOH this is the strong bases because in the OH⁻ hydroxide ion yield one or more hydroxide ion per molecule of base
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Predict how oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell.
The oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell is by the simple diffusion.
The diffusion can be defined as the process in which the movement of particles takes place from the lower concentration to the higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane. T he oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the it the outside the cell called as diffusion.
Thus, The oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell is by the simple diffusion.
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The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to.
The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to Na+ and water exchanging across the epithelium, with water moving into the intestinal fluid and Na+ moving into the tubules.
Proximal tubules is the coiled portion arising from the bowmans capsule. It is situated near the cortex.
The proximal convoluted tubules is formed by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Characteristic feature of these cells is the presence of hair like projections directed towards the lumen to tubules, because of the presence of these projections, the epithelial cells are called as brush bordered cells.
Substances reabsorbed from proximal tubules are glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates, urea, uric acid, and water.
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If the price elasticity of demand for Clean Sheets laundry detergent is 1.50, a 5 percent decrease in the price will lead to which of the following? A. a 7.5 increase in quantity B. a 7.5 decrease in quantity C. a 1.50 decrease in quantity D. a 1.50 increase in quantity
The price will lead to a 7.5 increase in quantity. Option A.
Expanded expenses typically result in a lower call-for and call-for increases commonly result in expanded supply. however, the delivery of different merchandise responds to demand otherwise, with some products' demand being much less touchy to costs than others. A fall in charge leads to an extension of call but makes it less worthwhile for a commercial enterprise to supply the best or carrier affected.
Calculation:-
Demand for laundry detergent is = 1.50
Decrease in price percent = 5%
5 % of 1.50 is = 1.50×5/100
= 0.075 or 7.5.
Economists call this the regulation of demand. If the charge goes up, the amount demanded goes down. If the charge decreases, the quantity demanded will increase. that is the regulation of demand. If greater people want to buy inventory than promote it then the price moves up. Conversely, if greater human beings desired to sell a stock than purchase it there could be a greater supply than called for and the charge would fall. knowledge supply and call for is straightforward.
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What are the first two quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 4d
The first two quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 4d is n=4,l=2
For n = 4, l = 2
Here, n represents the principal quantum number
The d in 4d represents d orbital as determined by the secondary quantum number (l).
The quantum number l tells us the shape of the orbital.
l = 0 s orbital
l = 1 p orbital
l = 2 d orbital
The four quantum numbers specify the orientation of an electron, shape size, magnetic aspect, and energy.Four quantum numbers that specify an electron are n,l,m,sIt also specifies the filling of electrons in an orbital.The filling is governed by Aufbau principle.To learn more about qunatum numbers visit:
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A 0. 20 mol sample of mgcl2(s) and a 0. 10 mol sample of kcl(s) are dissolved in water and diluted to 500 ml. What is the concentration of cl- in the solution?.
A 0. 20 mol sample of MgCl₂(s) and a 0. 10 mol sample of KCl(s) are dissolved in water and diluted to 500 ml. the concentration of Cl⁻ in the solution is 1M.
the equations is given as :
MgCl₂ ----> Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
KCl ----. K⁻ + Cl⁻
moles of chloride ion in MgCl₂ = 2 × 0.20 mol
= 0.40 mol
moles of chloride ions in KCl = 0.10 mol
total moles = 0.40 + 0.10 = 0.50 mol
volume = 500 mL = 0.5 L
concentration Cl⁻ , molarity = 0.50 / 0.5
=1 M
Thus, A 0. 20 mol sample of MgCl₂(s) and a 0. 10 mol sample of KCl(s) are dissolved in water and diluted to 500 ml. the concentration of Cl⁻ in the solution is 1M.
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Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more ________ reduction potential.
Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more positive reduction potential.
What is reduction potential?
Because reduction requires electron gain, an electrode's tendency to gain electrons is referred to as its reduction potential.
The electrode potential is the equilibrium potential difference between the metal electrode and the solution around it. It is also defined as an electrode's proclivity to lose or gain electrons.
When a piece of metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions, a potential difference is formed at the metal-solution contact. The size of the potential difference measures the tendency of electrodes to oxidize or reduce, or to lose or acquire electrons.
The half cell is represented by the metal and the ion, and the reaction is half-reaction. The immersed metal is an electrode, and the potential is caused by a reaction at the electrode's interface, and the solution is known as the electrode potential. Thus, electrode potential is an electrode's proclivity to lose or absorb electrons. The reduction potential is used when the reduction occurs at the electrode.
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Match these items.
1. changing from liquid to gas state
evaporation
2. the combining substances in a reaction
fusion
3. radiation
gamma rays
4. slow oxidation
burning
5. melting point of water
reactants
6. a reaction between a substance and oxygen
nuclear
7. pertaining to the nucleus of an atom
0 degrees C
8. to fuse or join together
rusting
9. rapid oxidation
thermo-
10. heat
oxidation
Ammonia can form ________, which can then be converted into ____________. Both can be taken in by _________________.
Ammonia can form nitrite, which can then be converted into nitrate. Both can be taken in by plants. This process is known as nitrification.
What is the nitrogen cycle?The nitrogen cycle refers to the processes by which nitrogen is cycled between the living and non-living components of the environment.
The nitrogen cycle consists of processes that add as well as remove nitrogen from the soil and the atmosphere.
Plants require nitrogen for growth. This nitrogen is sourced mainly from the atmosphere. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, however, it exists in a form that is not readily available to plants.
Hence several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and ammonia conversion are required for plants to obtain nitrogen.
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using any data you can find in the aleks data resource, calculate the equilibrium constant at for the following reaction. 2nocl round your answer to significant digits.
The equilibrium constant for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.
The reaction is given as :
2NOCl -----> 2NO + Cl₂
The Gibbs energy is given as:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln K
at equilibrium ΔG = 0
ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants
ΔG° NOCl = 66.3 kJ/mol
ΔG° NO = 87.6 kJ/mol
ΔG° Cl₂ = 0 kJ /mol
ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants
= (2 × 87.6 + 0) - (2 × 66.3 )
= 42.6 kJ /mol
equilibrium constant K = exp (- ΔG° / RT )
= exp ( - 42.6 / ( 8.314 × 10⁻³ × 298)
= 3.41 × 10⁻⁸
Thus, using any data that can find in the aleks data resource, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction. 2NOCl. The equilibrium constant at for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.
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question 14 (1 point) iron will react with water to produce an iron oxide and hydrogen gas. which equation below represents a correctly balanced equation for this reaction? a. Fe + 4H2O > Fe3O4 + 4H2 b. 3Fe + 4H2O > Fe3O4 + H2 c. 3Fe + 4H2O > Fe3O4 + 4H2 d. 3Fe + 4H2O > Fe3O4 + H2
The correct option for chemically balanced equation is - d. 3Fe + 4[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O > [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex].
The mentioned chemically balanced reaction states reaction between iron and water to produce iron oxide and hydrogen. Fe represents iron, [tex] H_{2}[/tex]O represents water, [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] represents iron (II, III) oxide and [tex] H_{2}[/tex] represents hydrogen.
Iron oxides are commonly found in human body and environment. It is present in body as haemoglobin and in nature as ores. The applications are as catalyst, paints, concretes, thermites etc. Iron oxides possess multiple properties including large surface area, magnetic properties and low toxicity. The low toxicity makes it a suitable candidate for therapeutic purposes in human body by participating in drug delivery, magnetic coatings, biosensors, and other purposes like wastewater purification, magnetic data storage etc.
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If you are driving, and a fly or a bug that can fly comes in your car, and you are driving 80+ miles. Is that bug flying at 80+ miles? Explain.
Answer:
The car is carrying a volume of air that is moving at 80 mph relative to the ground. But inside the car itself, the air not moving very much. If you take the windshield out and drive a 80 mph you will smash the fly onto the back window.
Explanation:
.
When heated, NaOH decomposes according to the following equation. If all of the water is produced as water vapor, what is the expected mass loss for a 8.87 gram sample of NaOH? Report your answer with three significant figures.
2 NaOH (s) → Na2O (s) + H2O (g)
The expected mass loss for an 8.87-gram sample of NaOH is 2.00 g.
What is the expected mass loss of a reaction?The expected mass loss of a reaction is the mass of the reactant that is lost from the total mass of the reactant as a result of some of the products escaping as gases.
The expected mass loss for an 8.87 gram sample of NaOH is calculated as follows:
The equation of the decomposition of NaOH is reaction is given below as follows:
2 NaOH (s) → Na₂O (s) + H₂O (g)From the equation of reaction, 2 moles of NaOH lose 1 mole of water
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g
Mass of 2 moles of NaOH = 2 * 40 g or 80 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g
Hence, 80 g of NaOH loses a mass of 18 g
8.87 g of NaOH will lose 8.87 * 18/80 g = 2.00 g
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beers law lab if your unknown copper sulfate solution was produced by diluting 20 ml of a more concentrated copper sulfate solution to a final volume of 100 ml, what was the original concentration of the concentrated solution?
100.0 mL of a solution containing copper was mixed in it. At 620 nm, this solution's absorbance was 0.477.
What does the focused meaning mean?Contained, present, or taking place in a constrained region or area: not dispersed. a light beam that is extremely focused. 3. fervent, fervent a task requiring numerous hours of focused work.
What does liquid concentrated mean?A liquid that has had its water removed has been strengthened by concentration. Use concentrated apple or apricot juice, honey, or both moderately to sweeten food. Condensed, rich, undiluted, and reduced are synonyms for Additional words for concentration.
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recreational vehicles use propane for cooking and heating. the combustion of propane and oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. part a what stp volume of carbon dioxide gas is produced from the combustion of 14.0 g of propane according to the combustion reaction?
STP volume of carbon dioxide gas produced from the combustion of 14.0 g of propane according to the combustion reaction is 20.83 L
What is Combustion reaction?
It is a chemical reaction in which a fuel undergoes oxidation by reacting with an oxidising agent, resulting in the release of energy (usually in the form of heat).General equation for combustion of hydrocarbons is attached belowSTP, Volume of CO2 = ?
Combustion reaction of propane:
C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H20
Molar mass of C3H8 is 12×3 + 8×1 = 36+8 = 44g/mol
No of moles of C3H8 in 14 g = 14 g / 44 = 0.31 mol
So no of moles of CO2 produced = 3× 0.31 mol
At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4L
STP volume of CO2 gas is 22.4×3×0.31 = 20.83 L
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The sp3 hybridization has what percent s character and what percent p character?.
The percentage s character and what percent p character are 25% and 75 % respectively.
Sp3 hybridization refers to the integration character of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create 4 hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it must have an s orbital and 3 p orbitals. whilst 1 s and 2 p are superimposed.
Calculation:-
Sp³ = s + 3P
percentage s character = 1/4 × 100
= 25 %
Percentage P character = 3/4 × 100
= 75%
They shape the sp2 hybrid orbital, and the process is called sp2 hybridization. then again, whilst 1 s is superimposed with three p atomic orbitals, they shape a brand new hybrid orbital, named the sp3 hybridized orbital. Orbitals. Hybridized structures. sp.
The time period sp3 hybridization refers to the integration of a man or woman of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create four hybrid orbitals with comparable traits. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it needs to have an s orbital and three p orbitals.
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How many molecules in 35 g of CO2
Answer:
35/44* 6.022*10^24
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Explanation:
The scientific study of the behavior of substances near 0 k is called pyrogenics. True false.
False. Because the scientific study of behavior of the substances near 0k is called cryogenics.
The behavior of the substance at very low temperature is called cryogenics. This is the branch of engineering that involves the study of very low temperatures that are below 123k.Rapid moving molecules in a substance have a higher temperature than slower moving molecules. Ultra cold temperature changes the chemical properties of materials. It is used to produce cryogenic field for rockets MRI machines, storing large quantity of food. It is also used in freezing blood sample and tissues. This is also use preservation of organs.
Pyrogenic is the formation of the particle by means of flame oxidation of metals in gas phase. This is the study of temperature between 1000c to 2400c.this is produced by producing heat.it generally produced in human body caused by fever.
So, the behavior of a substance at 0k is called cryogenics not pyrogenic.
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palmitic acid only contains two oxygens per sixteen carbons, whereas glucose has six oxygen atoms per six carbons. explain the significance of this when each molecule is fully oxidized
The significane is that it generates more ATP per carbon (128/16) than glucose (38/6).
What is Palmitic acid?
Palmitic acid increases LDL cholesterol levels more than other saturated fats, such as stearic acid. According to them, there is compelling evidence that high consumption of palmitic acid increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Palmitic acid has only two oxygen atoms for every sixteen carbons, whereas glucose has six oxygen atoms for every six carbons. As a result, when fully oxidized, palmitic acid generates more ATP per carbon (128/16) than glucose (38/6). As a result, we use fat as our primary energy storage material.
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Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called.
Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called Photorespiration.
What is Photorespiration?
Photorespiration is the process by which molecular oxygen (O2) is taken up by light and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released from organic compounds. The gas exchange is similar to respiration and works in the opposite direction of photosynthesis, where CO2 is fixed and O2 is released.
Carbon fixation produces two molecules, 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), which enter the Calvin cycle and eventually form sugars.
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5. Hypothesis #2: If the specimen is nonliving, then cells
(Blank)
be present when the specimen
is viewed through a microscope.
If the specimen is nonliving, then cells be present on glass slide when the specimen is viewed through a microscope.
The Greek words for little and to observe are the origin of the word microscope. Giovanni Faber first used the term "microscope" on April 13, 1625. With the use of a microscope, we can see tiny objects that would otherwise be hidden from vision. Through the act of magnification, or increasing the picture of the item, microscopes help us view tiny objects.
The lowest distance between two objects that produces two pictures that can be distinguished from one another is the resolution of a microscope. For instance, human eyes' resolution is between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. This indicates that two items that are separated by 0.1 to 0.2 mm may be distinguished by human eyes.
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If 0. 274 moles of a substance weighs 62. 5 g, what is the molar mass of the substance, in units of g/mol?.
The molar mass of the substance will be "228 g/mol".
Given values are:
Mass of substance = 62.5 g
Number of moles of substance = 0.274 moles
Now,
The Molar mass of the substance will be= Grams/Moles
By substituting the values, we get:
=62.5/0.274
=228g/mol.
What do you mean by molar mass?
Substances occupy room and have mass. Particles, which make up substances, frequently should be estimated in tests, and it is vital that these estimations are exact. Be that as it may, how might we quantify something so little in a precise manner? How would we typically quantify atoms? In the science lab, we utilize a device called a logical equilibrium to quantify in grams.
Through cautious estimation, researchers can decide the quantity of moles a particular response will require. A mole is a unit of measure that assists us with looking at particles of some random substance and its mass. Assuming we definitely know the quantity of moles required, we can utilize the idea of molar mass to ascertain the number of grams of the substance that are required. The molar mass, otherwise called sub-atomic weight, is the amount of the complete mass in grams of the multitude of particles that make up a mole of a specific particle. The unit used to quantify is grams per mole.
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a volume of 122ml of argon gas, ar, is collected at 50.0oc and 758 torr. what does this sample weigh?
Well .you know that PV= nRT.
Explanation:
..and so we access the molar quantity...
n=PVRT=758⋅Torr760⋅Torr⋅atm−1×122⋅mL×10−3⋅L⋅mL0.0821⋅L⋅atmK⋅mol⋅323.15⋅K
=4.59×10−3⋅mol... and please note that if you go thru the quotient the units cancel out to give 1mol−1=11mol= mol AS REQUIRED....
And then continuing the torture with units, we take the product...
=4.59×10−3⋅mol×39.9⋅g⋅mol−1=0.183⋅g.
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