Answer: fermentation
Explanation:
The volume of a sample of hydrogen is 798 mL and it exerts 621 mm Hg pressure at 5.00°C. What volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure?
The volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure:
= 640mL
Which temperature is considered normal?In order to establish experimental measurements under uniform conditions and enable comparisons between several sets of data, standard pressure and temperature requirements must be met.
For what use does standard temperature?Standard temperature and pressure, or STP, is a set of parameters that scientists and engineers frequently utilize. Standard pressure is 1 atm, and standard temperature is 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit or 273.15 K). The characteristics of various gases, for example, are described using these values.
According to the given data:P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
You simply leave that variable out from the calculation if one of these values also isn't specified because it is assumed to be a constant.
When working with moles or grams, PV=nRT is employed. If you are given grams, you must convert them to moles before you start because n is the number of moles.
STP (standard temperature and pressure) P= 1atm
T= 273K
R= 0.08206 L-atm / mol-K
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
760*V1/273 = 621*798/278
V1*760*278 = 273*621*798
V1 = 640mL
The volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure:
= 640mL
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What is activation energy?
Answer: The minimum amount of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
Explanation:
what volume (ml) of 0.0755 m phosphoric acid can be neutralized with 130 ml of 0.245 m sodium hydroxide? what volume (ml) of 0.0755 m phosphoric acid can be neutralized with 130 ml of 0.245 m sodium hydroxide? 2340 141 1270 422 7.21
146 mL of 0.0755 m phosphoric acid can be neutralized with 130 ml of 0.245 m sodium hydroxide.
First of all, let's write a balanced equation.
The balanced equation is given below.
H₃PO₄ + 3 NaOH ⇒ Na₃PO₄ + 3 H₂O
Now calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide taking part in the reaction.
130 ml of 0.245 m sodium hydroxide react.
0.13 L x 0.245/L = 0.03185 moles
Now let's calculate the reacting moles of H₃PO₄.
The molar ratio of H₃PO₄ to NaOH is 1:3.
The reacting moles of H₃PO₄ are 1/3 x 0.03185 moles = 0.011 moles
Let's calculate the reacting volume of phosphoric acid
We have 0.011 moles of H₃PO₄ are in a 0.0755 M solution.
0.011 mol x 1L/0.0755 x 1,000 mL1/L = 145.6 mL (approx 146 mL)
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Which combination of elements will form an ionic bond?
O potassium and chlorine
O oxygen and fluorine
nitrogen and helium
• sodium and calcium
potassium and chlorine combination of elements will form an ionic bond.
What makes an ionic bond?Ionic bonding, a sort of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between two atoms or ions. sharply differing charges, is the main interaction that takes place in ionic compounds. Along with covalent and metallic bonds, ionic bonding is one of the fundamental forms of bonding. Atoms possessing an electrostatic charge are referred to as ions.Negatively charged ions are produced when atoms gain electrons (called anions). When atoms lose electrons, they produce positively charged ions (called cations). In contrast to covalence, this transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence.To learn more about : ionic bond
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You're comparing three different atoms. Atom A has 9 protons in the nucleus, Atom B has 10 protons, and Atom C has 11 protons.
a. Which atom would be least likely to react with other atoms? Why?
b. Which would form a positively charged ion? Why?
Answer:
a. Atom B will be least likely to react with other atoms as it is contains 10 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8. Since it has an octet, it is stable and does not react with other atoms.
b. Atom C forms a positive ion. It contains 11 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8,1. To attain an octet, it will donate an electron to form a positive ion.
I NEED AN ANSWER ASAP! THIS IS DUE TOMARROW! at room temperature and standard pressure nitrogen is a gas and water is a liquid explain how the interactions between molecules cause a difference in the state of nitrogen and water
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule, N2 (subscript 2). It exists as a gas at room temperature because of the type of interactions with other identical molecules: weak intermolecular forces are present between the molecules, specifically temporary dipole-dipole interactions.
These interactions are the second weakest type of intermolecular force (Van Der Waals and Hydrogen Bonds are the other two with Hydrogen Bonds being stronger).
Now the reason why Nitrogen exists as a gas is because these weak intermolecular forces can be overcome with little energy. Therefore, at room temperature, Nitrogen exists as a gas.
Now if we wanted to get liquid Nitrogen (quite common in Science demonstrations) we would have to cool Nitrogen down to -195.8°C (77.35°K). The energy of the particles would decrease so much that the dipole-dipole interactions would be strong enough to hold the molecules of Nitrogen together in a liquid state.
Intermolecular forces such as dipole-dipole forces, London dispersion forces exist between molecules and these depend on strength of electronegativity of molecule. Intermolecular forces of attraction decides the states of a matter.
What is intermolecular forces of attraction?Intermolecular forces of attraction is force of attraction that make two molecule come closer. Intermolecular forces of attraction is directly proportional to the electronegativity of the molecule.
Intermolecular forces of attraction play an important role in deciding the states of a matter. Nitrogen is a gas because its molecule have vanderwaal force of attraction. Water is a liquid because its molecule have hydrogen bonding.
Therefore, intermolecular forces of attraction decides the states of a matter.
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What is the maximum mass of S8 that can be produced by combining 94.0 g of each reactant?
8SO2+16H2S⟶3S8+16H2O
mass of S8 :
Mass of S₈ is 130 grams
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains
Here given data is 94.0 g of each reactant and we have to find mass of S₈= ?
Here the reaction are given
8SO₂+16H₂S → 3S₈+16H₂O
So, 3 moles S₈ will be produced from 8 moles SO₂ and 16 moles H₂S and now determine how many moles of SO₂ and H₂S are actually present during this reaction and that will allow us to then calculate the maximum mass of S₈ that can be produced
For SO₂ = 94.0 grams/(64.1 g/mole) =1.44 moles SO₂
For H₂S = 94.0g H₂S (34.1 g/mole) = 2.70 moles H₂S
2.70 moles H₂S(3 moles S₈/18 moles H₂S) = 0.506 moles of S₈
The molar mass of S₈ is 257 g/mole.
Therefore, 0.506 moles S₈×(257 g/mole S₈) = 130 grams S₈
So S₈ = 130 grams
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if the distance traveled from city "A" to city "B" is 625 kilometers, how many meters, cm and mm is that?
625 km
1 km = 1000 meters
625 x 1000 = 625000 meters
1 meter = 100 centimeters
625000 x 100 = 62500000 centimeters
1 cm = 10 mm
62500000 x 10 = 625000000 millimeters
The following properties are either physical or chemical. Which one is different from the
rest based on those two categories?
A substance's ability to be observed or measured without altering its identity is referred to as its physical property. How successfully a substance can undergo a specific chemical transition is determined by its chemical characteristic.
What separates chemical characteristics from physical characteristics?A substance's ability to be observed or measured without altering its identity is referred to as its physical property. Physical characteristics might include things like color, density, hardness, melting, and boiling points, among other things. How successfully a substance can undergo a specific chemical transition is determined by its chemical characteristic.
What can be categorized into groups based on their chemical and physical traits?Based on their physical and chemical properties, materials can be grouped. Matter is anything that has mass and space. It is possible to mix any solid, liquid, and gas. When a substance changes from one state of matter to another without changing its chemical composition, a physical transition takes place.
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You are tasked with making a series of Furosemide calibration standards for analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection.
(a) Given Furosemide has a molecular weight of 330.7 g/mol, what weight of furosemide would you need to make a stock solution of 0.001 M (10-3 M) concentration ?
(b) How would you then make up a series of standards from this stock solution, of concentrations 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 M Furosemide?
Watch the video of Norman. What type of energy transformation is happening?
Norman sliding his foot across the floor.
A Electrical energy is created by friction when his foot slides across the floor.
B The mechanical energy of his foot moving across the floor is transformed into chemical energy.
C When his foot is sliding across the floor, it creates heat energy through friction.
D When his foot rubs against the floor, the energy of motion changes into light energy.
Norman sliding his foot across the floor would create heat energy through friction (C)
When a person is sliding on the floor, the foot would rub against the floor. The process would result in friction between the feet and the floor.
In addition to that, the potential energy (resting energy) is getting converted to kinetic energy (energy resulting from motion). The difference between the energy of an object at resting state and motion would result in production of heat energy. This is caused mainly due to friction.
Thus, when Norman’s foot is sliding across the floor, it would create heat energy through friction.
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A certain volume of gas was heated from 0°C to 25°C. The degree of change in Kelvin is?
Answer:
25 K
Explanation:
298-273=25 Kelvin
What are some Harmful effects of Nanoparticles in medicine
Explanation:
The effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart problems. Studies in humans show that breathing in diesel soot causes a general inflammatory response and alters the system that regulates the involuntary functions in the cardiovascular system, such as control of heart rate.
What is the word equation for KCIO4 → KCI + O₂
Answer:
KCIO4 → KCI + 2O2
Explanation:
KCIO4 → KCI + 2O2
how many grams (g) of nacl are needed to make a 125 ml of 0.45m nacl solution? answering this question requires 3 steps.
Answer:
3.29 grams NaCl
Explanation:
I assume 0.45m is 0.45 molar. The m is usually capitalized, to prevent confusion with meters, moles, etc. : 0.45M
It is very useful to use of the definition of molar in the thought process.
The definition of molar, M, is moles solute per liter of solution. The term 0.45M NaCl means that a solution has 0.45 moles of NaCl in 1 liter of solution. a half-liter would have 0.225 moles of NaCl, which is equivalent to 0.45 moles/liter. in terms of concentration.
We'll need the molar mass of NaCl, which is:
Na: 23.0
Cl: 35.5
58.5 grams/mole
========
Now let's calculate how many moles of NaCl are needed. We want 125ml (0.125L) of 0.45M NaCl.
(0.45 moles NaCl/Liter)
multiply that by the actual volume required:
(0.45 moles NaCl/Liter)*(0.125Liter) = 0.0563 moles NaCl
[The liters unit cancels, leaving only moles NaCl. The units are helpful in understanding the mathematical steps required and help insure a correct answer.]
To get grams NaCl, multiply by the molar mass of NaCl:
(0.0563 moles NaCl)*(58.5 grams NaCl/mole NaCl) = 3.29 grams NaCl
Note the units: moles NaCl cancel, leaving grams NaCl.
=====
There is a useful relationship to remember concerning the dilution of a solution. It is not needed here, but it does highlight the usefulness of understanding units. When diluting a volume, V1, of a solution of concentration M1 to achieve a concentration and volume of of M2 and V2, we can use:
M1V1 = M2V2
Example: 125 ml of 1M HCl is needed for an experiment. The only supply is 5M HCl. How much of the 5M HCl is needed to make 125ml of the 1M HCl?
M1 = 5M HCl
V1 = The unknown
M2 = 2.5M HCl
V2 = 100 ml
M1V1 = M2V2
(5M)*(V1) = (1M)*(125ml)
V1 = (1M)*(125ml)/(5M)
V1 = 25 ml
25 ml of 5M HCl may be added to 75 ml of water (slowly) to form 100ml of 2.5M HCl.
===========
Extra material: This is not relevant to the original problem, but it demonstrates the importance of units and the fact that it is the moles of a substance that is the important element.
If the concentration and volume of M1V1 are in moles/liter and liter, the term M1V1 has units of:
(moles/Liter)*(L), which reduces to moles of the substance.
The same with the term on the right, M2V2: it also reduces to moles. So the equation is simply saying that whatever number of moles one starts with, the same number of moles will wind up in the final solution.
A bonus discovery is that the volume units cancel in this calculation. It seems unlikely, but this means the volumes don't need to be adjusted from ml to liters, since volume unit cancels out.
If the original problems stated that the goal is to make 125 ml of 0.45M NaCl from a stock of 1.0M NaCl solution, the calculation would be:
M1 = 1.0M NaCl
V1 = ?
M2 = 0.45M NaCl
V2 = 125 ml
M1V1 = M2V2
(1.0M)*(V1) = (0.45M)*(125ml)
V1 = 56.25 ml
68.75 ml of water may be added to 56.25 ml of NaCl to form 125 ml of 0.45M NaCl.
Although M is expressed as moles/liter, we don't need to convert the volumes to liters, because the M unit cancels out. That doesn't feel correct, but it is - the unit cancellation is legal.
The rectangular object below has a mass of 198,000 grams.
A) What is the volume of the rectangular prism?
B) What is the density of the object? (Round your answer to the nearest hundredths place)
C) What rectangular prism made out of ?
A. 0.225
B. 4.6 kg/m3.
C. These six faces are made of three pairs of congruent faces.
For an object to be a right-angled prism all six faces must be rectangular opposite faces must be equal, and cross-sections along the length must be equal. You can draw a rectangle on the paper, but you can also make a rectangular prism out of real materials such as wood. A right-angle prism is a three-dimensional object with rectangular faces. A right-angled prism is a cube if all the faces of the prism are squares.
Prisms are named for the shape of their faces. A right-angle prism is therefore a simple prism that has rectangles as faces. A closed three-dimensional shape, but based on two rectangles. A prism is a three-dimensional shape bounded by flat faces on all sides. Prisms have two types of faces. The top and bottom are the same and are called the base. Prisms are named after the shape of these bases. For example, if the base of a prism is triangular it is called a triangular prism.
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A polar organic solvent that is capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds is called a polar _____ solvent. This type of solvent forms ion-dipole interactions with _____.
A polar organic solvent that is capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds is called a polar protic solvent. This type of solvent forms ion-dipole interactions with anions.
What is a polar organic solvent?
Polar solvents are solvents that have both “positive” and “negative” charge at different places in their structures and will dissolve other polar substances. An example of polar solvent is Water; other polar solvents include acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimelthylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropanol, and methanol.
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In 1983, a team of scientists discovered a fossilized bone of a giant bird when excavating land in
Brazil. After studying the fossil, the team thought that the bird was unique to South America but
had been extinct for millions of years. Many years later, another fossil from the same giant bird
was found in Nigeria. The two fossils were formed in rock that was very similar to one another.
By looking on the map and the fossil of bird found on different places shows that in past these land masses were connected.
What is Fossil?Fossils are defined as the geologically altered remainders of the living organism which are exist in the world once or its behaviour.
Types of FossilThere are basically five main types of fossil
Body fossilMolecular fossilTrace fossilCarbon fossilPseudo fossilIn 1983, a team of scientists discovered a fossilized bone of a giant bird when excavating land in Brazil. After studying the fossil, the team thought that the bird was unique to South America but had been extinct for millions of years. Many years later, another fossil from the same giant bird was found in Nigeria. The two fossils were formed in rock that was very similar to one another. This shows that the two land masses are connected.
Thus, we concluded that the fossil of bird found on different places shows that in past these land masses were connected.
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Clarice is doing a science experiment. She has a beaker containing 10 grams of sugar. She adds 5 grams of a mystery substance. After mixing the two together, a solid is produced and the container becomes very hot. No gases are released.
1. How many grams of the new substance should Clarice expect there to be in the jar at the end of the experiment?
2. What law supports this answer?
3. Explain how the law supports your answer.
1. The amount, in grams, of the new substance that Clarice should expect is 15 grams.
2. The law that supports the answer is the law of conservation of mass.
3. The law opines that mass is conserved in every chemical reaction.
What is the law of conservation of mass?The law of conservation of mass states that masses are conserved in chemical reactions. They can, however, change forms during the course of reactions.
In other words, if 10 grams of sugar reacts with 5 grams of another substance, the total amount of the final product should be the addition of the two masses. Unless parts of the reactants or products have been converted to something else that is not captured.
So, in the case of Clarice, the mass of the new substance that should be expected would be:
10 + 5 = 15 grams.
Since gases were not involved in the reaction and there is no mass loss in any other form. The mass of the final product should be 15 grams.
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Helppp ASAP pleaseee
Answer:
1. B, E
2. A
Explanation:
Question 3
1 pts
To find the volume of your element, you completed wate displacement, which is
calculated by Final volume - Initial volume. Originally 13. mL of water was placed into
the graduated cylinder. After you object was placed into the graduated cylinder, the
water level raised to 19.5 mL. Calculate the volume of the object.
The volume of the object is calculated out to be 6.5 mL when the volume of your element completed displacement which is calculated.
What is the displacement and how the volume of the object is calculated out to be so?Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial point and the final point.Here in this question given the initial volume to be 13 mL , and the final volume to be 19.5 mL.To calculate the volume which is supposed to be the final volume , we will substract the volumes given.The substraction of the initial volume and the final volume would be 19.5 - 13 which equals 6.5 mL.This is how the final volume of the object is calculated out to be 6.5 mL.To know more about volume visit:
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What is the energy of a 4.25 x 10^8 Hz wave? *I'll reward Brainiest for the correct answer! I really need this, hah*
The energy of a 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz wave is 2.816 × 10-²⁵J.
How to calculate energy?The energy of a wave can be calculated by multiplying the Planck's constant by the frequency of the wave as follows:
E = hf
Where;
E = energy (J)h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10-³⁴ J/s)f = frequency (Hz)According to this question, the frequency of a wave is given as: 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz. The energy can be calculated as follows:
E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz
E = 2.816 × 10-²⁵J
Therefore, 2.816 × 10-²⁵J is the energy of the wave.
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no marks. to determine what portion of the question you have correct, check question score at the top of the assignment. indicate which molecule (a or b) in each pair has the higher boiling point. also indicate which force, hydrogen bonding (h), dipolar (p), or dispersion (d) is responsible for the difference.
Molecule (a or b) in each pair has the higher boiling point also indicate force, hydrogen bonding (h), dipolar (p), or dispersion (d) is responsible for the difference so in NH₃ and PH₃ the a molecule is high melting point and forces are dispersion force and in C₂H₅OH and CH₃OHCH₃ the molecule a has high melting point and has a dispersion force and C₄H₈ and C₁₀H₂₀ the b molecule has high melting point and has a dispersion force and in HCl and F₂ the a molecule has high boiling point and has a dipolar dipole interaction forces
The forces are electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds and there are four type of forces
Hydrogen bondingdipole-dipoledispersionIon dipoleSo here given molecule in that we have to seen the forces and high melting point so
NH₃ and PH₃ : NH₃ has high melting point than PH₃ and has dispersion forceC₂H₅OH and CH₃OHCH₃ : C₂H₅OH has high melting point than CH₃OHCH₃ and dispersion forceC₄H₈ and C₁₀H₂₀ : C₁₀H₂₀ has high melting point than C₄H₈ and dispersion forceHCl and F₂ : HCl has high boiling point than F₂ and has a dipole interactionKnow more about forces
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HELP PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!! 20 points!!! COLLISIONS COVALENT
I don't know how to do this last level for Collisions "Covalent"
It is level 17 updated
The covalent compounds formed from the given elements are as follows:
Water, H₂ONitrogen trifluoride, NF₃Carbon (iv) oxide, CO₂What is the collision theory?The collision theory states that products are formed from reactants molecules only when effective collisions occur.
Effective collisions are those collisions in which the reactant molecules that collide have energy equal to or greater than the activation energy so that product molecules are formed from such collisions.
Considering the covalent molecules that are formed from the effective collision of the given elements:
The given elements that must collide to form products include:
HydrogenCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineThe given elements are all non-metals and the will most likely products that will be formed are covenant compounds.
Covalent compounds are compounds that are formed as a reseult of the formation of covalent bonds between elements. Covalent bonds are formed by electron sharing between those whose electronegativity differences are not large.
Therefore, compounds formed between the elements are covalent compounds.
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the soaps, shampoos, and detergents, in addition to baking soda and washing soda, were diluted prior to use in the laboratory. a. why was it necessary to dilute these substances prior to determining their ph?
It is necessary to dilute the given substances prior to determining the pH because the concentrated solutions prevent contact with the pH meter and give lower values.
A solution's acidity may be determined by looking at its pH, which is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration. Pure water slightly separates into ions with roughly equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) ions.
Detergents, soaps, and shampoos all include surfactants, and when they are concentrated, their activity prevents the surfactant from making adequate contact with the pH meter's electrode, resulting in readings that are a little lower than they should be. The pH is determined correctly when the surfactant activity is diluted in the solution.
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Do bacterial cells have DNA?
Answer: Yes, most bacterial cells have double stranded dna
Explanation:
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
prokaryotic cells are unique bacteria that has DNA. it has a single cell called nucleoid in a cytoplasm that organise DNA differently
Which sample correctly identifies how mass, mole, and atoms are related?
Sample 1, because 11 protons have a mass of 11 grams which equals 1 mole and is 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2, because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 1, because the atomic mass equals 1 mole which is 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2, because 2 protons is 1 mole which equals 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2 has correctly identifies how mass, mole, and atoms are related because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 10²³ atoms.
Atomic mass of Helium (He) is 4g. In the data, it is provided that the mass of He is 2g. It means helium with half of the atomic mass.
No. of moles = Atomic mass / Molar mass
No. of moles of He = 2 / 4 = 0.5
Thus, Helium with half of atomic mass would be equal to mass of half mole i.e., 0.5 mole.
A mole of a compound contains 6.02 x 10²³ atoms. So, half mole of helium would have half atoms i.e., 3.01 x 10²³ atoms.
On consolidating, Sample 2 correctly identifies the relationship between mass, mole, and atoms because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
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scientist are always learning new things. which of the following shows how scientists use observations to gain new understanding about the world?
The statement scientists have discovered new planets orbiting a star by detecting a wobble in the star's motion shows how scientists use observations to gain a new understanding of the world (Option A).
What is a planet's orbit?A planet's orbit is a route that a planet as a celestial body has around its star in a star system. The orbit of a planet can be detected by observing the light emitted by the star, which is fundamental for astronomers.
Therefore, we can conclude that scientists discovered new planets through the identification of features associated with star's movement in space (Option A).
Complete question:
Scientists are always learning new things. Which of the following shows howscientists use observations to gain new understanding about the world?
A. Scientists have discovered new planets orbiting a star by
detecting a wobble in the star's motion.
B. Scientists hope to learn more about how many stars are in space.
C. Scientists wonder if other planets can support life, and some
scientists wonder if there are aliens.
D. Scientists are familiar with some galaxies, but they do not know
how many galaxies exist.
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a 0.0718 mol sample of an unknown gas contained in a 2.00 l flask is found to have a density of 1.51 g/l. the molecular weight of the unknown gas is g/mol.
The molecular weight of the unknown gas is 42.06 g.
Find out the molecular weight of unknown gas.The idea is that the density of the gas tells you the mass of this gas that occupies exactly 1 L under some unspecified pressure and temperature conditions.
In this case, you know that the density of the gas was 1.51g/L.
This means that 1.51 g/L of this gas occupies exactly 1 L under the pressure and temperature conditions used in the experiment.
You are also aware that the total volume of the flask is 2.00 L. At this point, you can use the density of the gas to calculate the mass of gas required to fill the given volume with the sample.
[tex]2.00 L . \frac{1.51g}{1L} =3.02g[/tex]
You must now determine the mass of exactly one mole in order to determine the molar mass of the gas. Since you are aware that this sample contains 0.0718 moles of gas and weighs 12.5 g, you can infer that one mole will weigh that much.
[tex]1 mol. gas .\frac{3.02g}{0.0718} =42.06g[/tex]
As a result, the gas's molar mass can be expressed as molar mass = 42.06 g/ mol.
This indicates that 42.06 g makes up 1 mole of this gas.
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If an msds identifies that a chemical is flammable what should you do?
A.keep the container sealed at the times
B.keep the chemical away from fire
C.dilute the chemical so it is less flammable
D.use another chemical that is not flammable