After two cycles of PCR, 4 copies of double-stranded DNA molecules correspond exactly to the desired product of amplification.
What is PCR?The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that is frequently used to quickly create millions to billions of copies (complete or partial) of a specific DNA sample. This technique enables researchers to take a very small DNA sample and amplify it (or a portion of it) to a large enough quantity to study in detail. The PCR method of DNA manipulation was created in 1983 by American biochemist Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation. Mullis and biochemist Michael Smith, who had created other crucial techniques for DNA manipulation, shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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an investigator would like to study the relationship between the incidence of disease x and blood type. she would probably use the scientific method because she is unable to manipulate blood type. she will be (able, unable) to assert that having a certain blood type causes one to be more prone to disease x.
Answer:
correlational; unable
Explanation:
hope it helps
The investigator will be unable to assert that having a certain blood type causes one to be more prone to disease X.
The scientific method is a process of gathering evidence to test a hypothesis. In this case, the hypothesis would be that there is a relationship between blood type and disease X. The investigator would gather data by collecting information on the blood types of people with disease X and people without disease X. She would then analyze the data to see if there is a statistically significant difference in the blood types of the two groups.
If the investigator finds a statistically significant difference, she can conclude that there is a relationship between blood type and disease X. However, she cannot conclude that having a certain blood type causes one to be more prone to disease X. There could be other factors that explain the relationship, such as environmental factors or lifestyle choices.
The only way to definitively prove that having a certain blood type causes one to be more prone to disease X would be to conduct an experiment in which the investigator manipulates blood type. However, this is not possible, as blood type is a genetic trait that cannot be changed.
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gap junctions are a complex of integral membrane proteins called connexins arranged in a ring. in plasmodesmata, the plasma membranes of the two connected cells are actually continuous. gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what feature in common? they are both found in plant cells. they both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane. they both attach to the cytoskeleton. they both allow direct transport of materials between cells.
Connexins, a group of integral membrane proteins, are organized in a ring to form gap junctions. The plasma membranes of the two linked cells are continuous in plasmodesmata. Both of them are present in plant cells.
What are gap junctions?Gap junctions are complex proteins that form channels on the lateral side of cells, connecting the cytoplasm of two cells and enabling communication between them. features of gap junctions. based on size and charge, choose (some allow both anions and cations). To tiny molecules, they are receptive.
Gap junctions are membrane channels that facilitate the flow of ions and tiny metabolites from one cell to another. Gap junctions are crucial for impulse conduction in the heart. The connexins are a multigene family that has been implicated in the last ten years' worth of research in explaining how gap junctions are encoded.
In that, they are channels between adjacent cells that permit the transfer of ions, nutrients, and other materials that enable cell communication, gap junctions in animal cells are similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells.
Therefore, the correct answer is option d) They both allow the direct transport of materials between cells.
The complete question is:
Gap junctions are a complex of integral membrane proteins called connexins arranged in a ring. In plasmodesmata, the plasma membranes of the two connected cells are continuous. Do gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what features in common?
a) They are both found in plant cells.
b) They both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane.
c) They both attach to the cytoskeleton.
d) They both allow the direct transport of materials between cells.
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The features common for plasmodesmata and gap junctions are, In that they serve as conduits for the passage of ions, nutrients, and other materials that allow cells to communicate, gap junctions in animal cells are similar to plasmodesmata in plant cells.
What are the difference between plasmodesmata and gap junction ?Plasmodesmata (PD) are gated plant cell wall channels that facilitate the movement of chemicals between cells. They are crucial for plant development as well as the coordination of cellular and systemic signaling responses during interactions between plants and their biotic and abiotic surroundings.
The body contains various locations where gap junctions can be detected. This contains the nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth muscle that coat the surfaces of the body.
Between every pair of plant cells, there is a channel called plasmodesma that cuts through the cell wall. In contrast to gap junctions, where one cell's plasma membrane is separated from another by a gap, a plasmodesma's plasma membranes are joined together, creating a small space between them.
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in a first attempt to describe the relationship between genes and phenotypes, beadle and tatum in the 1940s stated that each gene is a section of the genome that codes for a specific enzyme (one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis). which more recent discoveries regarding gene expression are not covered by this hypothesis?
RNA- All living cells contain ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA), a nucleic acid with properties comparable to those of DNA. However, RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA. Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of consecutive phosphate groups as well as the sugar ribose.
Enzyme- A biological catalyst called an enzyme is usually always a protein. It accelerates a certain chemical process in the cell. The enzyme is continuously employed during the process and is not destroyed.
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Murray is observing a bacterial colony that is growing in agar in a Petri dish. Agar is processed seaweed. Murray calculates that the population doubles in size every 32 hours.
Which conclusion is supported by Murray's observations?
A. The agar and air in the Petri dish are providing all of the resources needed by the bacteria.
B. The bacterial colony is growing in all regions of the agar in the Petri dish.
C. The bacterial colony will continue doubling in size indefinitely.
D. The agar and air in the Petri dish are limiting factors on the growth of the bacterial colony.
Please get me a good explanation
The conclusion that is supported by Murray's observations is the agar and air in the Petri dish are providing all of the resources needed by the bacteria.
This is further explained below.
What is agar?Generally, Agar, also known as agar-agar, is a material that has the consistency of jelly and is made up of polysaccharides.
These polysaccharides are extracted from the cell walls of certain species of red algae, most commonly ogonori and "tengusa."
The linear polysaccharide agarose and a heterogeneous combination of smaller molecules known as agaropectin are the two components that combine to form agar. Agar is a mixture of these two substances.
In conclusion, The conclusion that is reinforced by the findings made by Murray is that the agar and air that are contained inside the Petri dish are supplying all of the resources that are required by the bacteria.
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The aragoss gel filters and what? The pieces of dna
Honestly, I think this would be really easy to look up and also I think you need to fix your grammar I had no idea what this question was asking.
Of the discoveries during the Scientific Revolution, which one has had the greatest impact on our lives?
Please help me
Answer: throughout history, the influence Jesus had on the lives of people has never been surpassed. No other great leader has inspired so many positive changes in the lives of his followers. People who encounter the risen Christ are totally transformed. Their outlook on life is altered forever. Staying true to their faith, they do not hesitate to face hardship, persecution, and even death. Many consecrate their lives to serving others, minimizing their own needs and desires.
The kinesthetic system is the sensory system that involves ___________. a. the bones in the middle ear and inner ear b. information from the muscles and joints c. the sensory receptors in the vestibular sacs d. information from the olfactory cilia please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
B. information from the muscles and joints.
A student places four identical cells into four different liquids.
Which cells would take in water and swell?
cells X and Z
cells W and Y
cells X and Y
cells W and Z
In a scenario where four identical cells are placed in four different liquids then the cells which would take in water and swell are cells X and Y and is denoted as option C.
What is Osmosis?This is referred to as the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to that of a higher solute concentration.
In a scenario where there is a decrease in the solvent molecules then it will be less salty and have a lower concentration of water which may make it shrink and is referred to as plasmolysis.
In cells in which there is an increase in the solvent molecules then it will be salty and have a higher concentration of water which is responsible for it swelling and is therefore the reason why cells X and Y was chosen as the correct choice.
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The full question is:
A student places four identical cells into four different liquids.
Cell Description of Liquid
W Saltier than the cellX Less salty than the cellY Higher concentration of water than the cellZ Lower concentration of water than the cella scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. she cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it
Scientists cannot market extracts that contain this chemical that can kill bacteria as a dietary supplement because it does not contain dietary ingredients.
In the field of medicine, we can describe dietary supplements as such kinds of medications that help to improve the nutrient levels in an individual and also help in treating various kinds of health-related issues. However, it is important that each dietary supplement be approved by the FDA before they are launched in the market.
In the scenario above, the scientist cannot market extracts that contain a chemical that kills bacteria as rocks are not dietary ingredients. Only those ingredients that can be consumed by humans and come under the list of dietary ingredients can be used as a dietary supplement after the FDA has approved it.
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The given diagram shows a portion of aerobic respiration in which carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product. Which process is diagrammed?
BIO HELP PLEASE!!!!
The portion of aerobic respiration where carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product is: Citric Acid Cycle.
Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose to yield energy by utilizing the oxygen. Molecules apart from glucose are also participate in aerobic respiration, however all are first broken down into glucose to further perform the process.
Citric Acid Cycle is the part of aerobic cellular respiration which oxidizes the Acetyl CoA to yield energy forms like NADH, GTP and FADH. Carbon dioxide is released as the by-product in this cycle. The process takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
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A car accelerates from 25 mi/hr to 55 mi/hr in 0.0083 hr. What is its acceleration?
The acceleration of the car, given it accelerated from 25 mi/hr to 55 mi/hr in 0.0083 hr is 3614.46 mi/hr²
How to determine the accelerationThe formula for calculating acceleration is given as follow:
a = (v – u) / t
a is the acceleration v is the final velocity u is the initial velocity t is the timeThe acceleration of the car can be obtained as illustrated below:
Initial velocity (u) = 25 mi/hr Final velocity (v) = 55 mi/hrTime (t) = 0.0083 Acceleration (a) =?a = (v – u) / t
a = (55 – 25) / 0.0083
a = 30 / 0.0083
a = 3614.46 mi/hr²
Thus, we can see clearly that the acceleration of the car is 3614.46 mi/hr²
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What will happen if the internal environment is the same as the external environment?
The internal environment includes all of the factors that have the potential to influence the company's decisions, operations, and strategies. On the other hand, the external environment includes those factors that can have a positive or negative impact on the company's survival, growth, reputation, and expansion.
What is external environment?A business's external environment refers to the external factors in the environment that affect the business. Institutions, organizations, and forces operating outside the company are examples of external environments. External environment factors are elements that exist outside of a company's internal environment and can have an effect on its operations. These external forces can either help or hinder the business's current processes. The external environment is divided into two types: microenvironment and macroenvironment. The micro environment is made up of factors that have a direct impact on the operation of a business. The macro environment is made up of general factors over which a business typically has no control.To learn more about external environment, refer to:
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2) Breaking covalent bonds always requires the input of energy and forming them always releases
energy. The following table shows the bond energies of some covalent bonds, this is the amount
of energy required to break the bonds as well as the amount of energy released when the bonds
form. Use the information in the table to determine whether the reactions are endothermic or
exothermic. (The structural formulae might help with this, feel free to look these up online.)
a) CH4(g) +202(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (g)
ΔΗ =
b) CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH(1)
c) 2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
-
d) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
Bond
H-H
H-F
C-H
C-0
C=O
C-C
C-CI
Table 1 Average Bond Energies (kJ/mol)
Energy
432
565
413
ΔΗ =
ΔΗ –
358
1072
347
339
AH =
Bond
F-F
O-H
CI-CI
C-C
C=O
C-O (for CO₂(g))
0-0
Energy
154
467
239
614
745
799
495
Answer:
5
Explanation:
Help me and thanks !!
Five fundamental processes by which nitrogen is fixed through the biosphere, air, and geosphere are nitrogen fixation, nitrogen take-up through organismal development, nitrogen mineralization through rot, nitrification, and denitrification.
Nitrogen fixation is the method wherein N2 is changed over to ammonium, or NH4+. Usually, the as it were way that living beings can achieve nitrogen straightforwardly from the environment; the few that can do this are called nitrogen-fixing life forms.
Certain microscopic organisms, counting those among the class Rhizobium, can settle nitrogen.
The ammonium (NH4+) delivered by nitrogen-fixing microbes is as a rule rapidly taken up by a plant, the microbes itself, or another soil living being and consolidated into proteins and other natural nitrogen compounds, like DNA.
After nitrogen is consolidated into the natural matter, it is regularly changed over back into inorganic nitrogen by a preparation called nitrogen mineralization, something else known as decay.
A few of the ammonium created by decay is changed over to nitrate (NO3-) using a preparation called nitrification.
Denitrification is an anaerobic preparation that's carried out by denitrifying microbes, which change from nitrate to dinitrogen.
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do unbalanced forces have zero net force
Answer: No, unbalanced forces do not have zero net force.
Explanation: For there to be a zero net force, the forces have to cancel each other out, but if they’re uneven (with one being greater than the other), then the greater force will “dominate”. Imagine two people are pushing each other at the same time. If they’re pushing each other with the same force, neither will move, and that’s zero net force. But if one of them has a stronger push, then it would cause them to move in the direction the stronger person is pushing.
What type of consumer do you think this coyote is ? Can you tell from this photo that the coyote is not an omnivore
The coyote can be categorized as a tertiary consumers, the photo does not indicate that this animal is an omnivore.
What are consumers in an ecosystem?The consumers in the trophic chain are animals that cannot produce their own food and therefore they need to eat other organisms to survive. Coyotes are tertiary consumers because they eat other animals located at the third level, instead of plants as occurs with herbivores (the first level of consumers in the trophic chain).
Moreover, omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals, but coyotes do not eat plants.
Therefore, we can conclude that coyotes are classified as tertiary consumers in the trophic chain and they are not omnivores because do not consume plants but only other animals that are present in the trophic chain.
The question is incomplete, below you will find the photo of this question.
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Fat and ATP are different molecules that can both be described as molecules that store energy. Compare the functions of these molecules in terms of energy storage.
a
ATP molecules are made when where there is an excess amount of energy, while fat molecules are used immediately.
b
ATP molecules are used for long-term storage, while fat is used for immediate energy.
c
Fat molecules are stable and can be stored for a long time, while ATP is not.
d
Fat molecules are unstable and can be stored short-term, while ATP molecules are stable and stored long term.
Answer:
The correct answer is C, fat molecules are stable and can be stored for a long time, while ATP is not.
Explanation:
I got it right on the exam
explain how an asteroid can cause mass extinctions. brief explanation Please
Answer:
When an asteroid hits very high-hydrocarbon areas, occupying 2.1% of the Earth's surface, it causes more severe cooling and resultes in mass extinction.
PLEASE HELP TEST
Which activity is more likely to be the work of a research scientist rather than
an engineer?
A. Developing safer space suits to protect astronauts
B. Finding ways to use a 3D printer to make food packaging
OC. Creating materials to absorb thermal energy from fires
D. Using tools to measure radiation levels in space
The activity that is more likely to be the work of a research scientist rather than an engineer is finding ways to use a 3D printer to make food packaging. The correct option is A.
Who is a research scientist?Research scientists are in charge of designing, carrying out, and analyzing data from controlled laboratory-based investigations, experiments, and trials.
You could work for the government, environmental organizations, specialized research organizations, or universities.
To begin their careers, research scientists must have at least a bachelor's degree, though most fields strongly prefer, if not require, graduate-level degrees.
As per the above-mentioned information, the finding of ways to use printer can be done by research scientist.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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13. what are the muscles of the quadriceps group and the hamstrings group? what are the antagonist actions of the quadriceps and the hamstrings? 1 pts enter your answer here
At the knee, the quadriceps femoris muscle group stiffens the leg. The quadriceps femoris muscle, which is used to flex the knee, is an enemy of the hamstrings.
What is the function of the 4 quadriceps muscles?Your quadriceps femoris, also known as your quad muscles, are a set of muscles on the front of your thigh. They are the largest group of muscles in your body collectively. Running, jumping, walking, and other actions all require the use of your quads.
Functions of the quadriceps and hamstrings :Together, your hamstrings and quadriceps move your leg. The quads relax and the hamstrings tighten when you bend your leg. On the other hand, when you straighten your leg, the hamstring muscles relax and the quads contract.
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If f(x) = 3x and g(x)=x, which expression could be used to verify that g(x) is the inverse of f(x)?
A) 3x (x/3)
B) (1/3x) (3x)
C) 1/3 (3x)
D) 1/3 (1/3)
The 1/ 3(3x) formula could be used to confirm that g(x) is the inverse of f if f(x) = 3x and g(x) = 1/3x (x).
The correct option is C.
How do you explain inverse?The opposite of an operation is an inverse operation. They are the procedure that undoes the results of another procedure. For instance, multiplication is the inverse operation of division, and addition is the inverse operation of subtraction.
Briefing:We must determine the composition of such functions in order to determine whether two functions are inverse, that is:
f(g(x)) which results must be the variable x to be inverse functions
We know that f (x) = 3x; g(x) = 1/3x
Replacing on the composition:
f(g(x)) = 3(1/3x) = x
To prove that these functions are inverse, the expression C must be used.
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If a cell is placed in a hypertonic sodium chloride (salt) solution, which TWO actions will be the MOST LIKELY result from the cell attempting to maintain homeostasis?
Salt will move by osmosis out of the cell.
Water will move by osmosis out of the cell.
Salt will move by active transport out of the cell.
Water will move by active transport into the cell.
The cell will shrink (crenation) as water moves between the environments to reach equilibrium.
The two actions that will most likely result from the cell attempting to maintain homeostasis are as follows:
Salt will move by active transport out of the cellWater will move by active transport into the cellWhat is a hypertonic solution?A hypertonic solution is a solution having a greater osmotic pressure than another solution. In this case, a cell is said to be placed in a hypertonic sodium chloride solution.
This means that there is more salt (solute) in the extracellular solution than in the intracellular solution.
Naturally, this will induce the movement of water molecules from the cell into the extracellular solution causing the cell to eventually shrink.
However, to maintain homeostasis, the cell can make use of active transport, which is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
The active transport will be used to move water into the cell and move salt out of the cell.
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PLS HELP, I DIDN'T KNOW THIS WAS DUE UNTIL I CHECKED-AND IM WORKING ON MY OTHER 5 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS, SO I DONT HAVE TIME TO DO THIS!!! I just need the answers you don't need to go into full detail! I'LL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
A proton has a positive charge whereas a neutron is neutral.
An atom that has lost one or more electrons is an ion.
Isotopes of elements have different numbers of neutrons.
An electron located outside the nucleus of an atom; option A
The element that has nine protons is Fluorine.
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Properties of AtomsParts - atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutronsSizes - the size of electron = 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm; the size of proton = 0.84×10⁻¹³ cm; the size of neutron = 1.7×10⁻¹³ cmDifferences - atoms of different elements have proton numbers.Knowing the charge of an atom and the number of electrons it has can be used to determine the element because the charge tells how many electrons the atom has gained or lost and the number of electrons present can be used to determine the atomic number
The diameter of an atomic nucleus is about 0.0000000000000016 cm or 1.6 * 10⁻¹⁵ cm
The mass of a hydrogen atom is about 1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg or 0.00000000000000000000000000167 kg
What are the sub-atomic particles?The sub-atomic particles are:
electronsprotons andneutronsElectrons are negatively charged and are found outside the nucleus. They have negligible mass
Protons are positively charged and are found inside the nucleus. They have a mass of 1 amu.
Neutrons are neutral and are found inside the nucleus. They have a mass of 1 amu.
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What monomer is represented by nitrogen base, phosphate, and 5-carbon sugar
the infraspinatus inserts on the of the humerus. the infraspinatus inserts on the of the humerus. lesser tubercle of the humerus acromial process of the scapula coranoid process of the scapula greater tubercle of the humerus
The infraspinatus inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus of the humerus. The infraspinatus inserts on the of the humerus. Lesser tubercle of the humerus acromial process of the scapula coranoid process of the scapula greater tubercle of the humerus,
Humerus- A long bone called the humerus is situated in the right forearm, between both the shoulder and elbow joints. The glenohumeral joint is formed when the proximal humerus joins the shoulder through glenoid fossa in the scapula. At the elbow, its distal humerus articulates with the forearm's radius and ulna.
Coranoid- The upper the front and portion of the ulna have a triangular prominence that projects forward called the coronoid process. Its foundation is quite strong and runs the entire length of the bone. When the forearm bends, its pointed, somewhat upward-curving peak enters its coronoid fossa of a humerus.
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Please refer to the passage to
help you answer the problem.
What is a purpose of fats?
A. forming the backbone of DNA
B. forming the cell nucleus
C. forming proteins
D. storing energy
Answer:
Answer is D
Explanation:
Backbone of DNA is made of sugars and phosphates. Chromosomes make up the DNA
Cell nucleus is made from DNA.
Proteins are made from amino acids.
Fats are stored in body and burn when the body has low energy.
D.storing energy
what are the types ?
Fats are a subgroup of compounds known as lipids that are found in the body and have the general property of being hydrophobic (meaning they are insoluble in water). Fats are also known as triglycerides, molecules made from the combination of one molecule of glycerol with three fatty acidsThe main purpose of fats in the body is to serve as a storage system and reserve supply of energy. During periods of low food consumption, fat reserves in the body can be mobilized and broken down to release energy. Fats serve as an insulation material to allow body heat to be conserved and fats line and protect delicate internal organs from physical damage. Fats in the diet can be converted to other lipids that serve as the main structural material in the membranes surrounding our cells. Fats are also used in the manufacture of some steroids and hormones that help regulate proper growth and maintenance of tissue in the body.Fats can be classified as either saturated or unsaturated depending on the structure of the long carbon-carbon chains in the fatty acids.Saturated Fats: Fats that contain no double bonds in their fatty acid chains are referred to as saturated fats. These fats tend to be solid at room temperature, such as butter or animal fat. The consumption of saturated fats carries some health risks in that they have been linked to arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and heart disease.Unsaturated Fats: Unsaturated fats contain some number of double bonds in their structure. These fats are generally liquid at room temperature (fats that are liquid at room temperature are referred to as oils). Unsaturated fats can be either polyunsaturated (many double bonds) or monounsaturated fats (one or few double bonds). Recent research suggests that the healthiest of the fats in the human diet are the monounsaturated fats, such as olive oil and canola oil, because they appear to be beneficial in the fight against heart disease.To learn more about fats refer:
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What is a star? according to scientist
Answer:
A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the eye at night, but their immense distances from Earth make them appear as fixed points of light.
Which region of the brain is the one involved in processing emotional reactions and is found to be larger in individuals with large, complex social networks?.
The region of the brain is the one involved in processing emotional reactions and is found to be larger in individuals with large, complex social networks is The amygdala.
What is the role of the amygdala?The social networks of those with larger amygdalae were more extensive and also intricate. Face recognition as well as the ability for others to react properly to various emotional expressions are both functions of the amygdala.
The amygdala is typically believed to be the central component of a brain system for processing scary and frightful stimuli, including threat recognition and activation of appropriate fear-linked responses in response to dangerous or harsh stimuli.
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An interesting phenomemon occors in plants that are withering: when watered they "perk up" or stand up. this is eveidence of a plant needing water. what organelle in a plant do you think is most asscociated witht this phenomenon?
Answer:
The Vacuole is the answer
if you touch the dorsal part of your hand near the thumb with the tip of a pencil, you may notice the sensation of cold, even though the pencil lead is at room temperature. what is this called?
if you touch the dorsal part of your hand near the thumb with the tip of a pencil, you may notice the sensation of cold, even though the pencil lead is at room temperature, called labeled line coding Summation units.
labeled line coding Summation units are frequently used in theories of numerosity representation because neurons that encode simply sensory magnitude typically exhibit monotone response functions. The limited range of tested numbers in these investigations prevented a conclusive conclusion, however cells expressing numerical quantity show nonmonotonic tuning functions that peak at their chosen numerosity ("labeled-line code").
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