Alanine can be synthesized by reductive amination of pyruvaldehyde with ammonia, amino acids or an amine in the presence of a reducing agent.
To blend alanine by reductive amination, we would begin with an aldehyde or ketone forerunner and respond it with smelling salts or an amine within the sight of a lessening specialist, for example, sodium cyanoborohydride. For this situation, we will utilize the aldehyde antecedent, pyruvaldehyde.
The design of pyruvaldehyde is as per the following:
O
||
HC=CHC=O
To incorporate alanine, we would respond pyruvaldehyde with smelling salts or an amine and lessen it utilizing a diminishing specialist. The subsequent compound would be:
O
||
HC=CH[tex]CH_{2}[/tex][tex]NH_{2}[/tex]
This construction addresses alanine, an amino corrosive with a side chain comprising of a methyl bunch (-[tex]CH_{3}[/tex]) joined to the alpha carbon.
Continuing on toward the subsequent part, the peptide CF would comprise of the amino corrosive cysteine (Cys) trailed by phenylalanine (Phe) in the peptide succession. The design of the peptide CF would be:
H
| |
[tex]NH_{2}[/tex] C-[tex]CH_{2}[/tex] S-[tex]CH_{2}[/tex]-[tex]C_{6} H_{5}[/tex]
|
OH
This construction addresses the peptide CF, where Cys is associated with Phe through a peptide bond. The side chains of cysteine and phenylalanine are likewise shown, with cysteine containing a thiol bunch (-SH) and phenylalanine having a phenyl bunch (-[tex]C_{6} H_{5}[/tex]). The peptide bond is shaped between the carboxyl gathering (-COOH) of Cys and the amino gathering (-[tex]NH_{2}[/tex]) of Phe.
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The complete question is:
Amino acids can be synthesized by reductive amination. Draw the structure of the organic compound that you would use to synthesize alanine. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw the molecule with ionizable groups in their uncharged form. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. Draw the structure for the peptide CF. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • Draw acidic and basic groups in their predominant forms at pH 7.
What is potential energy?
Answer:
the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.
Answer: electric possesed by the body or electric charge
POV : i actually learned this
Explanation:
10)
What is point source pollution of an aquatic ecosystem?
A)
pollution of freshwater sources
B)
pollution from many sources that combine into one
pollution that occurs over a wide area; water that runs off from fields,
parking lots, and other land surfaces
D)
pollution that can easily be identified with a single discharge source, such
as an open pipe which drains into a body of water
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the point if of water pollution can be easily identified
. What does Carbon Dioxide do to the Earth's temperature?
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that absorbs and radiates heat, so it traps additional heat and raises Earth's temperature
How does competition limit the amount of individuals in populations?
Answer:
Due to competition, many animals starve, many become prey, etc.
Explanation:
. Which statement most accurately explains how the author analyzes the
relationship between vacation time and productivity in the article "Vacation and
Presenteeism"?
A. The author relies on the words of European employers and Americans working in
Europe.
B. The author combines information on current vacation policies with statistics on
worker productivity.
C. The author provides a series of anecdotes relating how more vacation time
produces more efficient workers.
D. The author fully discusses Americans’ attitudes towards their jobs and contrasts
these attitudes with European attitudes towards vacations.
Answer:
D. The author fully discusses Americans attitudes towards their jobs and contrasts these attitudes with European attitudes towards vacation.
Explanation:
The author has tried to present the two different attitudes of the people of two different countries on the vacation. The American have different attitudes towards the vacation. They feel excited when there is vacation while the people in European countries prefer a day off rather than long vacations.
Forensic scientists have been called by police to come to a home. There is a dead body in the living room, which has been found by the victim's dog walker when she entered the home through the back door. The front door was shut and locked, and there is no sign of other forced entry. The dog walker states that a vase is missing from the living room. What would be the best question for the forensic scientists to ask in this situation?
Where is the missing vase?
How did the victim die?
How did the robber get in the house?
Did the dog walker steal the vase?
Answer:
I think it might be how did the victim die because they might have died of a heart attack or something normal. Then they can start asking where the vase went.
how do the two sets of muscles work together to make air enter the lungs
Answer:
Here you go
Explanation:
downward toward the abdomen, and the rib muscles pull the ribs upward and outward. This makes the chest cavity bigger and pulls air through the nose or mouth into the lungs.
How dose natural selection affect population by?
Answer:
individuals that develop beneficial traits have a better chance of survival, and are then able to pass on their genes. Eventually, if enough of those genes are passed on, that gene will become more prominent within the population.
The carbon cycle is a cycle among the carbon reservoirs.What is a carbon reservoir and what are some examples?
Answer:
Carbon reservoirs are underground oil or gas trap that form reees.clastic limestones etc.This is the most earths carbon stored in rocks and sediments.Ocean,Biosphere,Soil Carbon are some examples of carbon reservoirs.
Which is true for urochordates? *
If a cellular homogenate were subjected to differential centrifugation, which of the following would be expected to pellet first? A. the endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondria C. the cytosol D. nuclei
A cellular homogenate is a mixture of cellular components such as organelles, membrane fragments, and cytosol. Answer D is incorrect because nuclei would pellet out before the endoplasmic reticulum.
A cellular homogenate is a mixture of cellular components such as organelles, membrane fragments, and cytosol. The procedure that isolates these components is called centrifugation. Homogenates are spun at a low speed, which produces a pellet of the largest and densest components such as nuclei and organelles, while cytosol and smaller organelles remain in the supernatant. The procedure is repeated several times, each time increasing the speed and duration of the spin to separate progressively smaller and lighter organelles and molecules. Therefore, if a cellular homogenate were subjected to differential centrifugation, the first organelles to pellet out would be the larger and denser ones, which are nuclei and mitochondria. The cytosol will remain in the supernatant. Thus, options A and B are incorrect. Answer D is incorrect because nuclei would pellet out before the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, the correct answer is option B mitochondria.
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Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations within the CFTR gene. One mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to cystic fibrosis causes translation to end earlier in the gene sequence. Which type of mutation causes this translation error that leads to cystic fibrosis?
Answer:
The type of mutation that causes this translation error is called deletion. Deletion occurs when a section of a DNA is deleted or lost. In cystic fibrosis, three nucleotides are deleted that results in the lost of phenylalanine
The body fluid of sharks has a much lower concentration of sodium chloride than that of the surrounding seawater, and yet they are able to remain in osmotic equilibrium with the external environment. How can this be the case? A. Sharks store enough urea in their bloodstream to match the total solute concentration of the surrounding seawater. B. Sharks are osmoregulators. C. Sharks maintain high levels of sodium chloride in their skin. D. Sharks drink large volumes of seawater to compensate for the low salt concentration of their body fluids. E. None of the answer options is correct.
What are Tectonic Plates made of and what do they do?
Answer:
They move
Explanation:
Answer:
A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.Plate tectonics move because they are carried along by convection currents in the upper mantle of the planet (the mantle is a slowly flowing layer of rock just below Earth's crust). Hot rock just below the surface rises and when it cools and gets heavy, it sinks again.
Explanation:
Which of these organic molecules function to help speed up biological reactions?
Answer:
c
Explanation:
State 8 differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
➩Reproduction:
Reproduction is a process by which living organism produce new organisms of same species (of their own kind)
Reproduction is neccessary for the survival and increase in population of species. It ensures continuity of various species on earth. In simple words if organisms will not reproduce there population will decrease and species will become extinct.
➽Mainly there are two types of Reproduction
(i) Sexual reproduction
(ii) Asexual reproduction
➩Sexual Reproduction
→ In sexual reproduction two individuals are involved to produce a new individual (male and female)
→The entire reproduction process takes longer time and more energy.
→ Population increases relatively slowly.
→ It involves more variations.
→ Species can adapt to an environment which changes.
→This leads to evolution.
→ For example:Homosapiens(Human beings)
3. Are vaccines available to prevent HIV and cancers?
(3)
After food is digested, a carbohydrate called ______ will leave the bloodstream through a capillary wall.
After food is digested, a carbohydrate called glucose will leave the bloodstream through a capillary wall.
Glucose is a simple sugar. It is a primary source of energy for cells. It is absorbed from the digestive system into the bloodstream and then transported to various tissues and cells throughout the body.
Through the process of cellular respiration, glucose is used by cells to produce ATP. ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Excess glucose in the bloodstream can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles or converted into fat for long-term energy storage.
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Please complete the passages about marine ecosystems. A(n) is a brackish-water ecosystem located at the mouth of a river. Tides have a heavy influence on this ecosystem. Mangrove trees dominate this ecosystem in the tropics, but a variety of salt-tolerant, herbaceous plants dominate at middle and high latitudes. Primary productivity is high because nutrient-rich sediments fuel plant growth. This ecosystem is also the world's most endangered marine ecosystem due to threats from human settlement. A(n) ecosystem is found in temperate and polar waters where the water temperature does not exceed 20 °C (68 "F). Large algae that form "forests" dominate this ecosystem. The algae only grow in water shallower than 50 m (165 ft). Pacific sea otters play a key role in this ecosystem. People often call - ecosystems the rainforests of the sea because of their extraordinary biodiversity. This ecosystem requires clean, well-lit water between 18 °C and 30 °C (64 °F and 86 "F). Approximately 4,000 species of marine fish use this ecosystem at some point in their life cycles. Flowering plants that resemble grasses dominate ecosystems. This type of ecosystem is most common in tropical waters, but is found in temperate waters as well. Some animals, such as green sea turtles, manatees, and the dugong graze in this ecosystem. Please complete the passages about marine ecosystems. A(n) estuary this o domi ecosy is a brackish-water ecosystem located at the mouth of a river. Tides have a heavy influence on es dominate this ecosystem in the tropics, but a variety of salt-tolerant, herbaceous plants atitudes. Primary productivity is high because nutrient-rich sediments fuel plant growth. This most endangered marine ecosystem due to threats from human settlement. seagrass meadow mangrove forest A(n) ecosystem is found in temperate and polar waters where the water temperature does not exceed 20 °C kelp forest (165 at form "forests" dominate this ecosystem. The algae only grow in water shallower than 50 m y a key role in this ecosystem. mangrove forest Peopl estuary ecosystems the rainforests of the sea because of their extraordinary biodiversity. This beach and rocky shore 11-lit water between 18 °C and 30 °C (64 °F and 86 "F). Approximately 4,000 species of marine ne point in their life cycles. mangrove forest Flowering plants coral reef to ecosystems. This type of ecosystem is most animals, such as green sea turtles, manatees, and common in tropical waters, but is found in tempe kelp forest the dugong graze in this ecosystem. estuary seagrass meadow
An estuary is a brackish-water ecosystem located at the mouth of a river. Tides have a heavy influence on this ecosystem. Mangrove trees dominate this ecosystem in the tropics, but a variety of salt-tolerant, herbaceous plants dominate at middle and high latitudes. Primary productivity is high because nutrient-rich sediments fuel plant growth. This ecosystem is also the world's most endangered marine ecosystem due to threats from human settlement.
A kelp forest ecosystem is found in temperate and polar waters where the water temperature does not exceed 20 °C (68 °F). Large algae that form "forests" dominate this ecosystem. The algae only grow in water shallower than 50 m (165 ft). Pacific sea otters play a key role in this ecosystem. People often call kelp forest ecosystems the rainforests of the sea because of their extraordinary biodiversity. This ecosystem requires clean, well-lit water between 18 °C and 30 °C (64 °F and 86 °F). Approximately 4,000 species of marine fish use this ecosystem at some point in their life cycles. Flowering plants that resemble grasses dominate seagrass meadow ecosystems. This type of ecosystem is most common in tropical waters but is found in temperate waters as well. Some animals, such as green sea turtles, manatees, and the dugong graze in this ecosystem.
In summary, an estuary ecosystem is a brackish-water ecosystem dominated by mangroves or salt-tolerant plants. It is highly productive but also highly threatened. A kelp forest ecosystem is characterized by large algae growing in shallow, temperate waters and is home to a wide variety of species. Seagrass meadow ecosystems are dominated by flowering plants and support a diverse range of marine life, including grazing animals. Each of these ecosystems plays a vital role in marine biodiversity and highlights the importance of their preservation.
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what step can be skipped when preparing a specimen for light microscopy?
When preparing a specimen for light microscopy, the step that can be skipped is fixing.
A specimen is a substance or object used to depict, analyze, and sample a larger substance or population. It is usually a fraction of a substance or material that has been studied in a more comprehensive study. Specimens are used in scientific and medical research to evaluate, diagnose, or make predictions about the rest of the subject's constituents. They are collected from a broad range of subjects, from animals to plants to minerals.
A light microscope is a magnifying instrument that utilizes visible light to magnify and illuminate tiny specimens. The lens and the light sources are the two main components of a light microscope. Light microscopes come in two types, including simple and compound microscopes. Simple light microscopes are one of the earliest forms of microscopes, and they work by utilizing a single lens to magnify the sample. Compound microscopes, on the other hand, utilize two lenses that work together to magnify the sample.
To prepare a specimen for a light microscope, a number of steps must be taken, including fixation, sectioning, staining, and mounting.
A specimen must be mounted on a slide before it can be examined with a light microscope. A cover slip is then put on top of the slide to protect the specimen. This step cannot be skipped as it is a critical part of preparing the specimen for light microscopy.
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is determining sex through chromosomes a random genetic event?
ANSWER ASAP TIMED 25 POINTS
Vocabulary: Define the following vocabulary terms in your own words.
1. Ancestor
2. Trait
3. Population
4. Natural Selection
5. Artificial Selection
6. Variation
7. Environmental Pressure
8. Heredity
Answer:
Ancestor- Someone that you have descended from. Typically someone you are distantly related to.
Trait- A quality or characteristic specific to a person.
Population- The number of people in an area.
Natural selection- The process where organisms adapt to their environment (this theory was first studied by Charles Darwin).
Artificial Selection- a process used in breeding animals or cultivating plants.
Variation- A change or difference in something.
Environmental pressure- Things that cause the environment to change.
Heredity- Physical or mental characteristics passed on to offspring.
I will give brainlies if you answer correctly and give an explanation!
Regular periods of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting are associated with which physiological disorder?
A. Anorexia
B. Bulimia
C. Obesity
D. Parkinson's
Answer:
B. Bulimia
Explanation:
See below for a description of each case:
Anorexia (also known as Anorexia nervosa) is an eating disorder characterized by abnormally low body weight. It's similar to the starving of oneself to achieve lower weight, but this is unhealthy. It's very common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) and is treatable. This can last for several months or years and is more common in females from ages 18–35.
Some symptoms include:
Extreme weight loss
Thin appearance
Fatigue and insomnia
Bluish discoloration of the fingers
Hair that thins, breaks or falls out
Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
Dry or yellowish skin
Dehydration
Bulimia (also known as Bulimia nervosa) is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by methods to avoid weight gain (ie. vomiting). It's very common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) and is treatable. It can last several years or be lifelong and are more common in females from ages 18–35.
Some symptoms include:
Binge eating
Forceful vomiting
Long-term fear of gaining weight
Overuse of laxatives or diuretics
Use of supplements or herbs for weight loss
Excessive exercises
Stained teeth (from stomach acid)
Obesity is a condition characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. It's extremely common (more than 3 million cases per year in US) but is treatable. It can last several years or be lifelong. Family history may increase likelihood for some types.
Some symptoms include:
Above average body weight
Sleep apnea- a condition in which breathing is irregular and periodically stops during sleep
Skin problems caused by moisture that accumulates in the folds of your skin
Osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints, especially the knees
Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, meaning it weakens the control of movements of the body over time. It's fairly common (more than 200,000 cases per year in US). There are treatments to manage the condition but there is no known cure. This can last several years or be lifelong. It's more common in 60+ years old males.
Some symptoms include:
Tremors, trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face
Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk
Slowness of movement
Poor balance and coordination
Speech difficulty
Which of the following are true about the Cambrian explosion?
Fossil evidence is found in the evaporites in Texas
A diversity of different phyla with huge anatomical differences all appear at once in the fossil record
Fossil evidence is found in the Burgess Shale
provides evidence for many transitional species with very little anatomical difference
Marks the beginning of the Paleozoic era
It marks the beginning of the Cambrian period
Answer:
b I think but I am not sure but have a good day
Which of the following steps of the cell cycle in eukaryotes are NOT found in prokaryotes? 1. DNA replication 2. chromosomes condense, align along the metaphase plate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell 3. cytoplasm is divided 4. two daughter cells form from the original cell a 1 b 2. C 3 d 4
The main step of the cell cycle in eukaryotes that is NOT found in prokaryotes is chromosomes condense, align along the metaphase plate, and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell, option (2) is correct.
This is part of mitosis, which is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cell division. Prokaryotes lack the complex machinery and structures required for mitosis. Instead, prokaryotes undergo a simpler form of cell division called binary fission.
During binary fission, the prokaryotic chromosome replicates, and the two copies move to opposite ends of the cell. The cytoplasm then divides, and two daughter cells form from the original cell. Therefore, DNA replication, cytoplasm division, and two daughter cell formation are common to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, option (2) is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following steps of the cell cycle in eukaryotes are NOT found in prokaryotes?
1. DNA replication
2. chromosomes condense, align along the metaphase plate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
3. cytoplasm is divided
4. two daughter cells form from the original cell
choose the analysis of the following word: biocide example: 'biologist'/bio-log-ist
The analysis of the word 'biocide' is "bi-o-cide."
Biocide is a term that refers to a chemical or biological agent that can destroy living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Biocide is also known as biopesticide. It is a blend of two Greek words, bios meaning "life" and cide meaning "kill," thus biocide means "life-killing."
An analysis is the process of separating something into its constituent elements to comprehend its nature, structure, and interrelationships. An analysis can also refer to the study of a word's structure by dividing it into smaller components.Breaking down the word biocide into its constituent components gives:bi-o-cideWhere "bi-" means "life," "o-" means "of," and "cide" means "kill." Thus, the word biocide refers to a substance that kills living things.
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In this example, a flower can either express the dominant trait (R), red petals, or the recessive trait (r), yellow petals. If two heterozygous flowers are crossed, what are the chances of there being an offspring with yellow petals?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
Since there are 2 flowers, start with 50% and 50% to make it simple. And since the red is dominant, it's stronger than yellow. So instead of them being equal chances, it's 75% to 25%. Hope this helped!
16. Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the
following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?
A. The organism's color and mass.
B. The organism's internal structures.
C. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular.
D. The methods the organism uses to feed and move.
PLEASE EXPLAIN why the answers are correct and the others are incorrect (for my assignment) to be marked brainliest
Answer:
D.The methods the organism uses to feed and move.
The U.S. government has made it illegal for fossil fuels to receive tax breaks in order to be competitive
in the marketplace
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_regulations_in_the_United_States
Write an example of DNA before and after a point mutation
Answer:
An example of DNA is the chain of basic materials in the chromosomes of the human cell.
After mutation, the DNA sequence is changed.