an oxygen atom at a particular site within a dna molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the dna backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo

Answers

Answer 1

The oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

The frequency expression is given as :

F = ( 1/ 2π ) × √(k/m)

or F² m =  k / 4π²

now. if oxygen atom is replaced by the sulfur atom:

(F² m) oxygen = ( F² m) sulfur

F sulfur = F oxygen × √ (m oxygen / m sulfur)

F sulfur = 3.7 × 10¹³  × √ 16 / 32

F sulfur = 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

Thus, An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the DNA backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to  sulfur atom the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

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Related Questions

what is the concentration (in m) of a sample of the unknown dye with an absorbance of 0.15 at 542 nm?

Answers

Using the regression equation, the concentration of a sample with an absorbance of 0.25 is 1.76*10^-5M

Using the regression equation obtained from the model,

y = 15200x - 0.018

y = absorbance. x = Concentration

Concentration of unknown dye sample with absorbance of 0.25:

Substitute the absorbance value y = 0.25 into the equation and calculate the concentration x:

0.25 = 15200x - 0.018

side

15200x = 0.25 + 0.018

15200X = 0.268

Division by 15200

x = (0.268 ÷ 15200)

x= 1.76*10^-5M, which is the concentration of the sample.

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calculate the mass of mgco3 precipitated by mixing 10.00 ml of a 0.200 m na2co3 solution with 5.00 ml of a 0.0650 m mg(no3)2 solution.

Answers

The mass of Magnesium carbonate is 0.275 g.

The balanced chemical reaction is shown below,

Na₂CO₃ + Mg(NO₃)₂ → 2 NaNO₃ + MgCO₃

0.200 M   0.0650 M                                        ?

10.0           5.00 mL                                          ?

Since the volume and concentration of Mg(NO₃)₂ and Na₂CO₃ is given, we can calculate the number of moles for each of them and then determine the limiting reagent.

Convert the volume of  Mg(NO₃)₂and Na₂CO₃ to liters:

5.00 mL x ( 1 L/1000 mL ) =   5.00 x 10⁻³ L

10.00 mL x ( 1L/ 1000 mL ) = 1.000 x 10 ⁻² L

Number of  mol Mg(NO₃)₂ = (0.0650 mol /L) x 5.00 x 10⁻³ L

                                            = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol Mg(NO₃)₂

Number of mol Na₂CO₃ = (0.200 mol / L) x 1 x 10⁻² L  

                                        = 2.000 x 10⁻³  mol Na₂CO₃

Limiting reagent = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol Mg(NO₃)₂ x ( 1 mol Na₂CO₃ / mol  Mg(NO₃)₂ )

                           = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Na₂CO₃ required .

Limiting reagent is Mg(NO₃)₂ since 2.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Na₂CO₃ is required to

react completely with  2.25 x 10⁻⁴ Mg(NO₃)₂, and there is an excess.

Number of moles of MgCO₃ produced is calculates as follows:

= 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Mg(NO₃)₂ x ( 1 mol MgCO₃ / 1 mol Mg(NO₃)₂ )

= 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  MgCO₃

The formula for calculating number of moles is given as :

Mole = mass/molar mass

⇒ Mass= Mole × molar mass

Mass = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  MgCO₃ x   84.31 g/mol

         = 0.275 g

Hence, the mass of MgCO₃ is 0.275 g

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Sharon reads two different articles about avocados. The first article, in a weight-loss magazine, claims that avocados
are unhealthy because they are high in fat. The second article, in an annual publication from a doctors' group,
that the fat in avocados is a type that IS good for the heart.
claims
To assess these claims, which question might Sharon ask?
O Which source do avocados come from?
O Where
are avocados soid?
O Is the source an authority on the subject?
• How much do avocados cost?

Answers

Is the source an authority on the subject? Option C.

Authorship is a concept that represents the authority an individual author has established on the web for a particular topic. Authors publishing on trusted sites build permissions and apply them when publishing on other platforms. A good example of a traditional system of power is a monarchy.

Most governments throughout history have ruled under this form of authority. In this form of rule, the subject accepts the nature of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of powerful groups and individuals. can be defined as Permissions that are important in determining a website's credibility. To determine who is responsible for the website who wrote the information etc.

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2. two kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate ester can be used in reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide to afford triphenylmethanol. what are they? hint: each of the three reacts with a different number of equivalents of the grignard reagent.

Answers

Two kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate ester are dialkyl carbonate and benzophenone.

Grignard reaction is an organometallic organic chemical reaction in which alkyl, allyl, vinyl or aryl-magnesium halides who are called as Grignard reagent are added to the carbonyl group in aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is important for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. or basically they are mainly used for the formation of carbonyl compounds.

Triphenylmethanol can be synthesized by Grignard reaction using 3 different starting materials and also the different number of equivalents of Grignard reagent.

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Compare the behavior of the particles in hot tea with the behavior of the particles in ice
cream. How are they similar? How are they different?

Answers

Explanation:

Absolute zero is the temperature at which particles have theoretically zero kinetic energy.

The higher temperature of the hot tea means that the water molecules in the tea will move faster on average than the water molecules in ice cream.

What happens to the energy as metal parts cool

Answers

Answer: it transfers out of the metal the heat stops and the energy is absorbed by other things

Explanation:

what is the major product(s) to be expected on application of the hydroboration/oxidation procedure of (z)-3-methyl-2-pentene?

Answers

Alcohols are produced via the two step hydroboration-oxidation process. In an Anti-Markovnikov process, the boron connects to the alkene bouble bond's least substituted carbon while the hydrogen (from BH3 or BHR2) attaches to the more substituted carbon.

What is Hydroboration ?

A limiting reagent is one that is completely consumed during a reaction, hence restricting the product's yield. Compared to the limiting reagent, the other reactant(s) are present in excess. The amount of product that could be produced based on the molar ratios is known as the theoretical yield. The amount that was actually retrieved is divided by the theoretical yield to determine the percent yield. For this amount to be expressed as a percentage, multiply it by 100.

What is Oxidation procedure ?

A chemical process called oxidation occurs. As a result of atoms or groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen or hydrogen in a chemical species is another method to define oxidation. When these things happen, oxidation occurs.

When an atom, molecule, or ion loses one or more electrons during a chemical reaction, oxidation takes place. The chemical species' oxidation state increases while oxidation takes place. Oxygen is not always necessary for oxidation to occur. The phrase was initially used when oxygen produced an electron loss during a process.

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A mixture of 15. 0 g of the anesthetic halothane (c2hbrclf3 197. 4 g/mol) and 22. 6 g of oxygen gas has a total pressure of 862 torr. What are the partial pressures of each gas?.

Answers

The partial pressure of C₂HBrClF₃ and O₂ are 84 torr and 778 torr respectively.

Given,

Mass of C₂HBrClF₃ = 15.0 g

Mass of O₂ = 22.6 g

Molar mass of C₂HBrClF₃ = 197.4 g/mole

Molar mass of O₂ = 32 g/mole

Raoult's Law:

Psolution = ΧsolventP0solvent

Psolution = vapour pressure of the solution

Χsolvent  = mole fraction of the solvent

P0solvent = vapour pressure of the pure solvent

What is Raoult's Law?

According to Raoult's law, a solvent's partial vapour pressure in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or identical to the pure solvent's vapour pressure multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.

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why was ice used to cool the distillate in the e1 experiment? the distillate is volatile the distillate contains acid mixtures of immiscible compounds have a lower boiling point

Answers

Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.

What is Distillation?

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.

What is an E1 experiment in Chemistry?

Unsaturated compounds are produced during elimination processes. An alkene is created during the removal of alcohol. Alkyl halides also go through elimination processes. We will do an acid-catalyzed elimination using a secondary alcohol that is second order (E1), meaning that the rate of reaction depends on how quickly the intermediate carbocation may be produced.

Why to use ice water in E1 experiment?

Ice water helps in condensing or cooling down the vapours coming to the condensing tube (i.e. distillate).

Because the resulting alkene has a low boiling point, the receiver flask is put in an ice water bath to keep it cool throughout the reaction and distillation.

Hence, Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.

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4. the distillation vapor was condensed and collected. suppose that one mole of distillate is collected. how many moles of anisole and water would be present in the condensate? how many grams of each? how many ml of each? (mw of anisole

Answers

Learn more about distillation and condensation process.

What is distillation?

Distillation is a process in which a liquid is transformed into a vapor and then condensed back into a liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when distilled water drops are left on a chilly surface after being deposited as steam from a kettle.

What is condensation?

The process by which matter transitions from its initial gaseous form into its liquid state is known as condensation. For instance, condensation happens when airborne water vapor (in its gaseous form) makes the transition to liquid water upon coming into contact with a cooler surface.

Given density of isoamyl acetate = 0.88g/ml

volume of isoamyl acetate = 75 ml

MW of  isoamyl acetate = 130.2g/ml

Therefore, no.of moles =mass/ molar mass

and mass = density*volume

Therefore, no.of moles = density*volume/molar mass

= 0.88g/ml*75 ml/130.2g/ml

=0.55 moles

similarly for methyl benzoate

no. of  methyl benzoate = 1.09g/ml*115ml/136.2gml

=0.92 moles.

Boiling point of isoamyl acetate = 142°c (vaporize first)

Boiling point of methyl benzoate= 199.6°c (moves down)

mole fraction of isoamyl acetate = 0.51/0.57+0.92

=0.357

mole fraction of the methyl benzoate = 0.643

%of isoamyl acetate= 35.7%

%of methyl benzoate= 64.3%

mole ratio= 35.7:64.3

Initial boiling point 166°c

composition of vapor in equilibrium with liquid  75: 25 (using theoretical plate1)

                                                                                ↓     ↓

                                                                              IA      MB

Re vaporization at 145°c

composition of vapor, at 145°c

95:5 ( using theoretical plate 2)

↓     ↓

IA MB

Condensate⇒ low density mixture

% composition of Condensate= 95%

(IA) using two theoretical plates

Therefore, Condensate is 95%

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consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm. (a) is this process endothermic or exothermic? (b) in what temperature range is it a spontaneous process? (c) in what temperature range is it a nonspontaneous process? (d) at what temperature are the two phases in equilibrium?

Answers

The vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm is given. then a) endothermic; b) above 100 °C; c) below 100 °C ; d)100 °C.

What is vaporization?

Phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor is called Vaporization. Types of vaporization are as : evaporation and boiling, in which evaporation is a surface phenomenon and boiling is a bulk phenomenon.

a)The vaporization of water requires addition of the heat of vaporization for the given mass of water and also the heat required to raise the water to the boiling point.

b)The boiling of water is a spontaneous process above the boiling point for water that is 100 °C.

c)It is a non-spontaneous process below the boiling point of water that we know is 100 °C.

d) The two phases are in equilibrium at 100 °C.

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What evidence is there that mass/weight is conserved during a chemical reaction? Explain your observation
using scientific reasoning. Be sure to include what happens to the atoms during the chemical reaction. (This question is about baking soda and vinegar mixed together in a dry bottle.)

Answers

Answer:

In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element involved must remain the same. This can be observed when baking soda and vinegar are mixed together in a dry bottle. The atoms of each element are rearranged to form new compounds, but the total number of atoms does not change.

in a chemical reaction the number of atoms must stay the same

a sample of gas contains 0.1700 mol of and 0.08500 mol of and occupies a volume of 13.5 l. the following reaction takes place: calculate the volume of the sample after the reaction takes place, assuming that the temperature and the pressure remain constant.

Answers

The volume of the ideal gas sample after the reaction takes place is 13.5 L.

We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation

P . V = n . R . T

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.

From the question above, we know that

n1 = 0.17 mol

n2 = 0.085 mol

V = 13.5 L

When the initial and final temperature is the same, we can use the ratio of mol and volume as

n / V = constant

Hence,

ntotal / Vtotal = n1 / V + n2 / V

0.17 + 0.085 / Vtotal = 0.17 / 13.5 + 0.085 / 13.5

0.255 / Vtotal = 0.255 / 13.5

Vtotal = 13.5 L

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In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate are added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride, and a precipitate forms. The initial temperature of both solutions is 20.00°C.
Assume the specific heat of the resulting solution is 4.18J/(g.°C) and the density is 1.00 g/mL.
Calculate the final temperature of the solution.

Answers

The final temperature of the solution based on the heat change is 21.1

°C.

What is the final temperature of the solution formed when 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate is added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride?

The final temperature of the solution formed when 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate are added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride is calculated as follows:

moles of ion = volume in liters * concentration

moles of Ca⁺ = 50 * 1/1000 * 0.8

moles of Ca⁺ = 0.04 moles

moles of F⁻ = 50 * 1/1000 * 1.6

moles of F⁻ = 0.08 moles

Equation of precipitation reaction:

Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 F⁻ (aq) → CaF₂(s)  ΔH° = -11.5 kJ

Amount of heat released by 0.04 moles of Ca²⁺ = -11.5 * 0.04

Amount of heat released by 0.04 moles of Ca²⁺ = 0.46 kJ or 460 kJ

Temperature change = Heat change / mass * specific heat capacity

mass of solution = volume * density

mass of solution = 100 * 1 g/mL

mass of solution = 100 g

Temperature change = 460 / (100 * 4.18)

Temperature change = 1.1 °C

Final temperature = 20.00 + 1.100 °C

Final temperature = 21.1 °C

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Complete question:

When 50.0 mL of 0.400 M Ca(NO3)2 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.800 M NaF, CaF2 precipitates, as shown in the net ionic equation below. The initial temperature of both solutions is 30.00°C. Assuming that the reaction goes to completion and that the resulting solution has a mass of 100.00 g and a specific heat of 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate the final temperature of the solution.

Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 F⁻ (aq) → CaF₂(s)  ΔH° = -11.5 kJ

In step #2 of the procedure, you weighed out and used 2 g of benzaldehyde instead of 1. 17 g.

Answers

The calculated percentage yield will not change because in this reaction acetone is the limiting reactant and not benzaldehyde. Hence, the excess amount of benzaldehyde does not affect the yield.

What is percentage yield?

The percentage yield of a reaction is the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. It determines how much of the reaction is completed.

In the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetone the yield of the precipitate dibenzalacetone is dependent on the acetone since it is the limiting reactant which determines the amount of product.

Therefore, the changed amount of benzaldehyde does not affected to the yield.

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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question was as follows:

In step #2 of the procedure, you weighed out and used 2 g of benzaldehyde instead of 1. 17 g .Would the calculated percentage yield of the precipitate (dibenzalacetone)

be too high

, too low, or

unaffected by the following?

determine how each property of water changes upon addition of a nonvolatile solute.

Answers

Simply put, a nonvolatile solute is something that does not readily vaporize. Additionally, it does not raise the solution's vapor pressure when dissolved in a solvent.

boiling level —————-> grows with a soluble

Volatile pressure —————-> Reduces with a soluble

freezing level ———————-> Reduces with a soluble

vanthoff factor is the basis for the largest variance. As the quantity of ions rises, the divergence also does.

LiCl ———-> two ions,

NaF ———-> ions,

CH3OH, 2 —————> zero ions

MgCl2 —————> 3 ions

Thus, MgCl2 has the largest variance.

Low vapour pressure and a high boiling point are characteristics of non-volatile substances. Non-volatile solutes include, for example, salt and sugar. Alcohol, mercury, and gasoline are examples of volatile substances.

Non-volatile materials: Non-volatile materials are those that do not quickly evaporate. At the typical room pressure and temperature, they don't have a greater vapor pressure. At room temperature, nonvolatile substances will mostly exist as solids. Nonvolatile substances include silver nitrate and sodium chloride.

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How do I calculate the bond order for H2- and H2+?

Answers

The bond order for H2- and H2+ is calculated using the molecular orbital (MO) diagram.

Bond order: what is it?

Bond order quantifies the stability of a bond by specifying the number of chemical bonds that exist between two atoms.Bond orders range from 1 for a single covalent bond between two atoms through 2 for a double covalent bond, 3 for a triple covalent bond, and so forth.

If a molecule contains more than two atoms, the bond order must be determined by-

Sketch out the Lewis framework.Add up the number of ties.Count the total number of bond groups that each atom is connected to.Add the amount of atom-to-atom bonds to the total number of bond groups in the molecule, then subtract the result.

If there is no order in the bonds, molecules cannot form.

A higher bond indicates that there is more electron attraction. When the bond order is higher, the atoms are more tightly bound. When the bond order is lower, there is less electron attraction, which results in a looser bond holding the atoms together. The stability of a bond is also revealed by bond order. Higher bond order and greater stability result from more electrons holding the atoms together.

Create a schematic of the molecular orbitals (MO). As one electron is contributed by each hydrogen atom, H2 + has one electron while H2 - has three.

The result of calculating their bond order is:

Bond Order H 2+ = 1/2 x ( Bonding Antibonding ) = 1 /2 x ( 1 0 ) = 1 /2

Bond Order H 2- = 1/ 2 x ( Bonding Antibonding ) = 1/2 x ( 2 1 ) = 1/2 x 1 = 1/2

Both are equally stable, so neither is more so. However, they are unavoidably less stable than H2 .

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What is the ph of a buffer system prepared by dissolving 10. 70 grams of nh4cl and 35. 00 ml of 12 mol l-1 nh3 in enough water to make 1. 000 l of solution? kb = 1. 80 × 10-5 for nh3.

Answers

9.577  is the ph of a buffer system prepared by dissolving 10. 70 grams of nh4cl and 35. 00 ml of 12 mol l-1 nh3 in enough water to make 1. 000 l of solution.

Mass ,NH4Cl = 10.7 g

Volume ,NH3 = 35 mL = 0.035 L

Molarity NH3 = 12 M

no. moles of NH4Cl = mass/molar mass

Molar mass, NH3 = 53.49 g/mol

no. moles  NH4Cl = 10.7/53.49

no. moles NH4Cl; n_acid = 0.2 mol

no. moles NH3 = Volume × molarity

no. moles of NH3 = 0.035 × 12

no. moles NH3;  base = 0.42 mol

kb = 1.8 × 10^(-5)

Pkb = -log kb

Pkb = -log(1.8 × 10^(-5))

Pkb = 4.745

Pka = 14 - Pkb

Pka = 14 - 4.745

Pka = 9.255

PH = Pka + log(n_base/n_acid)

PH = 9.255 + log(0.42/0.2)

PH = 9.577

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Calculate the theoretical yield for p-nitrobenzoic acid and p-nitrobenzyl alcohol from p-nitrobenzaldehyde. (Cannizzaro Reaction)

Mass of p-nitrobenzaldehyde used: 0.300g

Volume of 30% KOH: 3 mL

Answers

Moles of p-nitrobenzaldehyde is  0.001985mol.

What do you mean by Cannizzaro Reaction?

Cannizzaro reaction is a chemical reaction named after Stanislao Cannizzaro that involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to yield a carboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.

theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzoic acid

=0.001985 mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzoic acid/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*167.12g/1mol

=0.166g

theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzyl alcohol

=0.001985mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzyl alcohol/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*153.12g/1mol

=0.152g

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Determine the order of steps in the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydration of propene.

Answers

There are 3 major steps involved in the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydration of propene they are formation of carbocation, nucleophile attacks on carbocation and Deprotonation to form alcohol.

Acid catalyzed hydration is the process of breaking of a pi bond in an alkene or alkyne so that water can be added. It is an electrophilic hydration reaction because the water molecule acts as an electrophile once it has been protonated by the acid. It is an acid-catalyzed reaction because the acid, such as sulfuric acid, acts as a catalyst here.

There are 3 major steps involved in the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydration of propene. They are as follows;

1. Carbocation formation from propene which is formed by attack of [tex]H_3O^{+}[/tex] ion.

2. In the next step nucleophile attacks the carbocation that is formed.

3. Next step is deprotonation takes place where water molecule is removed to form respective alcohol that is propanol

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What would life on Earth be like without the Sun?

Answers

The world would be dark without sunlight. Animals, vegetation, and people would not exist. Without other life, there wouldn't be any.

There won't be any light from the Moon. Only because sunlight reflects off of the Moon can we see it. The Moon would vanish as the sunlight that was illuminating it did. The numerous other celestial objects in the sky, such planets, that humans can only see because of the Sun's reflected light, would also fall under this category.

Earth would swiftly become much colder without the Sun's warmth. Fortunately, Earth's ability to retain heat means that humans wouldn't immediately freeze. But life would start getting much harder right away.

Although no one can foresee the future with certainty what will happen, scientists believe that within a week or so, the average worldwide surface temperature would fall below 0 degrees Fahrenheit. You've probably endured temperature like these before during the chilly winter months.

The issue is that the temperature would keep progressively dropping. The average surface temperature of the entire planet might fall much below -100° F in just one year! The world's sea's surface layers would have frozen over by then. Although the deep waters below would be kept liquid for hundreds of thousands of years by the frozen upper layers of the oceans, they would finally freeze as Earth headed toward a stable average global surface temperature of roughly -400° F. Any remaining humans would then be exposed to the severe cosmic radiation that comes from space because the atmosphere would likewise have frozen and dropped to Earth by that time.

All photosynthesis on Earth would cease if the Sun's rays were to disappear. All living things that depend on plants for food, including humans, will eventually perish along with all plants. While some resourceful people might be able to live without the Sun for a few days, weeks, or even years, it would eventually become impossible to sustain life on Earth.

Hence, There will be no life on earth because sun is the ultimate source.

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what kind of change does a substance undergo without altering the molecules or atoms that are present?

Answers

Physical change does not alters the molecule or atoms that are present.

Physical changes are those changes that do not alter the identity of the molecules or atoms that are taking part in the chemical reaction. Or we can say that physical changes are changes in which no bonds are broken or formed. This means that the same types of compounds or elements that were present  at the beginning of the change are there at the end of the change as well. Because the ending materials are the same as the beginning materials, the properties (such as color, boiling point, etc.) will also be the same. Physical changes also  involve moving molecules around, but not changing them.

Whereas Chemical changes occur when bonds are broken and are formed between molecules or atoms. This means that one substance with a certain set of properties (such as melting point, color, taste, etc) is turned into a different substance which have different properties. Chemical changes are frequently harder to reverse than physical changes.

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how many moles of oxygen are formed when 82.5 g of kno3 decomposes according to the following reaction? the molar mass of kno3 is 101.11 g/mol.

Answers

The mole of oxygen are formed from KMNO3 is 0.724 mol.

calculation:-

Given the mass of KNO3 KNO3 is 82.5g

The molar mass is 101.11 g/mol.

Mole of KNO3 = 82.5g/ 101.11 g.

0.724 mol

From the balanced equation, it is clear that for every 1 mole of KNO3 K N O 3 = 54 moles of oxygen are required.

Therefore, 0.724 mol of oxygen is required for forming 82.5 g of KNO3 KNO 3.

The formula mass of a substance is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms that make up the ionic compound. It is generally used for ionic compounds that do not contain individual molecules but contain ions as building blocks. Mass can be defined as a measure of the amount of matter in the body. Weight is a measure of weight acting on the mass. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram.

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What do you call the outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals?a. cloud of electrons b. electro positivity c. sea of electrons d. electron configuration â

Answers

Answer:

Valence Electron

Explanation:

Valence electron

The outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals is called as Electro positivity.

What do you mean by electropositivity?

"Electropositivity is the propensity of an atom to donate electrons and generate positively charged cations," says the definition. The majority of metallic elements, especially the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals, exhibit electropositivity.

It's crucial to remember that electropositivity is the reverse of electronegativity, which gauges an atom's propensity to pick up electrons and produce negatively charged anions. In light of this, very electropositive elements have very low electronegativities, and highly electronegative elements have very low electropositivity.

Electronegative elements often have a low propensity to lose electrons to create cations, while electropositive elements typically have a low propensity to gain electrons to form anions

Electronegative and electropositive components frequently combine to generate ionic salts.

Example: A strongly electropositive element like sodium, for instance, rapidly gives up an electron to achieve a stable electronic state. Contrarily, chlorine is a very electronegative element that rapidly receives an electron to form a stable octet. In order to produce sodium chloride, sodium and chlorine can thus create an ionic connection (an ionic salt with the chemical formula NaCl).

Hence, the outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals are termed Electro positivity.

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22. NaHCO, decomposes when exposed to heat:
2 NaHCO,(s)→ Na₂CO₂ (s) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(t) AH = 91.5 kJ
What mass of NaHCO, is decomposed by 256 kJ?
I

Answers

470 g  of NaHCO3 is decomposed by 256kJ when exposed to heat.

How to find the mass of    NaHCO3?

From the balanced equation,

2x84 g NaHCO3 absorbs 91.5 kJ

X g NaHCO3 absorbs 256 KJ

X= 2x84x 256/91.5

X= 470 g NaHCO3

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a substance that, when heated, can decompose. Sodium bicarbonate begins to disintegrate into sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide at temperatures over 176 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius) (CO2).

The sodium bicarbonate will break down more quickly the hotter it is. The only product that will still be solid is sodium carbonate. At the warm temperature, both carbon dioxide and water are gaseous, therefore they will dissipate into the ambient air.

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The charge on the positive ion becomes the __________
of the negative ion.
The charge on the negative ion becomes the subscript of the
_______ ion.

Answers

Subscript and Positive.

I hope this helped!!

a u.s. department of agriculture law on how much coloring or other additives can be in food is an example of law or regulation.

Answers

A U.S department of agriculture law on how much coloring or other additives can be in food is an example of administrative law or regulation.

The American system is a common law system that relies heavily on case law to give formal judgments. In our common law system, even where the law is concerned, the judicial outcome of previous litigation is of great importance to the court's decision on that previous matter. Farm bills and reauthorization of children's meals.

As detailed on the Farm Bill page the Omnibus Farm Bill is the cornerstone of US food policy and is approved by Congress every five years. Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies, as well as adequate legal assistance, should not be denied to anyone on the basis of poverty. Regulations are regulations made by executive departments and agencies and categorized by subject matter in federal regulations.

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Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. With which group of elements is magnesium most reactive?.

Answers

Magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.

Alkaline earth metal found in group 2 of the periodic table.All the elements of group 2 have beryllium,magnesium, and calcium strontium,barium.these all have 2 valence electrons each in their atom.this all can lose their 2 valence electron easily to form positive ions. These are divalent and ionic in their chemical reaction.metals gets oxidised by losing their valence electrons.the chemical reactivity of a metal is equivalent to their lose of electrons.strontium is group 2 element that does not occur as a free element due to its extreme reactivity with oxygen and water.noble gases have full valence shell electrons.so,magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.

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Is mass conserved when 40 g of sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical change during an interaction with 36. 5 g of hydrogen chloride? use complete sentences to support your answer by explaining how this can be demonstrated.

Answers

Yes, mass is conserved when 40 g of sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical change during an interaction with 36.5 g of hydrogen chloride

What is the law of  conservation of mass?

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products for a low energy thermodynamic process.

It is believed that there are a few assumptions from classical mechanics which define mass conservation. Later the law of conservation of mass was modified with the help of quantum mechanics and special relativity that energy and mass are one conserved quantity. In 1789, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier discovered the law of conservation of mass.

Any chemical reaction must follow the law of conservation of mass. Meaning that mass cannot be created nor destroyed. Since all chemical reactions must follow this law, no matter what reaction happens, mass is conserved.

NaOh + HCL - NaCl +H2O

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what is the oxidation state of each element in febr3?

Answers

The potential charge an atom would have if every one of its links to other atoms were fully ionic is known as the oxidation state, also known as the oxidation number. It describes how much an atom in a chemical molecule has been oxidized. The oxidation state can theoretically be positive, negative, or zero.

FeBr3

Br will remain in its normal oxidation state, which is -1, because it is more electronegative than Fe.

Let Fe's oxidation state now be "x."

x + (3*-1) = 0

=> x = +3

Answers: Fe : +3 & Br : -1

The total number of electrons that have been removed from an element (creating a positive oxidation state) or added to an element (creating a negative oxidation state) to get it to its current state is the oxidation state of an atom.

One of these oxidation laws states that a free, neutral element has an oxidation number of zero. A monoatomic ion's charge is the same as its oxidation number. For Group IA elements, the oxidation number is always 1. For Group IIA elements, the oxidation number is always +2.

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