An organism can pass a gene mutation to its offspring if the mutation occurs in gamete as a result of sexual reproduction .
A mutation can be transmitted down to an organism's progeny if it happens in a germ-line cell (a cell that will develop into gametes, such as egg or sperm). This implies that the mutation will be present in each and every cell of the growing embryo. A parent's genetic mutation may be carried on to their child through their egg or sperm.
Throughout a human's life, these inherited mutations are prevalent in almost every cell of their body. Cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, and sickle cell disease are examples of hereditary mutations. Large-scale evolution only takes into account mutations that can be passed on to future generations. These are known as germ line mutations and they happen in reproductive cells such as eggs and sperm. Environmental factors contribute to mutations.
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Who are the most prone of premarital sex?
Young people, particularly those in their late teens and early twenties, are more likely to engage in premarital sex due to various factors such as cultural and religious beliefs, education, and access to contraception.
It is difficult to make generalizations about who is most prone to engage in premarital sex, as sexual behavior can be influenced by a variety of factors such as cultural and religious beliefs, education, and access to contraception.
However, studies have shown that young people, particularly those in their late teens and early twenties, are more likely to engage in premarital sex than older individuals. Additionally, those who have a higher level of education, greater access to contraception, and more liberal attitudes toward sex may be more likely to engage in premarital sex.
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What are 4 characteristics of a mollusk?
Four important characteristics of a mollusk are:
Mollusk are found in marine and freshwater habitats.Mollusk have organ system level of organization. Body is divided into head, muscular foot and mantle.The head of mollusk have of tentacles and compound eyes.The phylum Mollusca has many distinctive features and special characteristics. which include a mantle that has mantle cavity, visceral mass, foot, and radula. Mollusks also includes various classes like Gastropod, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, and Polyplacophora .
Gastropods have a special characteristics that includes spirally-coiled external shell while others mollusks usually have a flattened shell, and many of them doesn't possess any shell as outer structure.
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Color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait in humans. In a family where the mother is color-blind and the father is normal, the probability of their having a color-blind son is
If the mother is color blind and the father is normal, the chance that their son will be color blind is ¼ or 25%.
The color-blind mother's genotype is XXc and the normal father's genotype is XY, so the offspring are:
Parents: XXc >< XY
Gametes: X , Xc >< X , Y
Generation:
XX (normal female)
XY (normal male)
XXc (carrier female)
XcY (color-blind male)
The phenotypic ratio is:
¼ (normal female)
¼ (normal male)
¼ (carrier female)
¼ (color-blind males)
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Tropical savannas in East Africa have herds of ____________________ and ____________________ hoofed animals.
Tropical savannas in East Africa have herds of zebra and wildebeest hoofed animals.
The zebra is a member of the equid family and is one of the most recognizable animals in the world. Its black and white stripes make it easily distinguishable from other animals, and it is found in a variety of ecosystems across Africa. Zebras are very social animals, living in large herds of up to several hundred individuals. They feed on grass and other vegetation, and are mostly active in the early morning and late afternoon.
The wildebeest is also a grazing mammal, but from the bovidae family. It is larger than the zebra and has a distinctive curved horn on its head. Wildebeest are highly social animals, often traveling in large herds of up to several hundred individuals. They are also mainly active during the early morning and late afternoon, and feed on grass and other vegetation.
The relationship between zebra and wildebeest is one of mutual benefit. The zebra’s stripes help camouflage it from predators, while the wildebeest’s curved horns are used to defend itself and the herd. Together, they can also provide better protection against predators by forming a large herd. In addition, the two species of hoofed animals help each other to find food and water, and they even graze in the same areas.
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Which term best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
The integrating center best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
.The brain's homeostatically often houses the integrating centre, which sends messages to various parts of the body telling them how to react to stimuli. For instance, when you place your palm on a hot surface, such as a stove, your brain's integrating centre receives a signal from your skin cells warning you that appropriate are in danger. The hypothalamus serves as the integrating hub for the negative feedback loop that the controls body temperature.
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The integrating center best describes the component of a control system that receives information about the status of a homeostatically regulated variable and initiates an appropriate response
.The brain's homeostatically often houses the integrating centre, which sends messages to various parts of the body telling them how to react to stimuli. For instance, when you place your palm on a hot surface, such as a stove, your brain's integrating centre receives a signal from your skin cells warning you that appropriate are in danger. The hypothalamus serves as the integrating hub for the negative feedback loop that the controls body temperature.
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This website is so bad like i asked help for something yesterday legit, and i got warned just take my points guys. es
Answer:
The number of moles of acid that were neutralized can be found by multiplying the volume of the base (in liters) by its concentration (in moles/liter) and then multiplying that value by the stoichiometric coefficient of the acid in the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction.
Explanation:
To begin, we need to convert the volume of the base from milliliters to liters.
50.40 mL = 0.0504 L
Next, we can multiply the volume of the base (in liters) by its concentration (in moles/liter) to find the number of moles of base used in the titration.
0.0504 L * 0.542 M = 0.0272 moles
Since this is a neutralization reaction between a monoprotic acid and a strong base, the acid:base ratio is 1:1.
So the acid that has been neutralized is also 0.0272 moles.
Answer: Why
Explanation: That isn't good. I hope you have a good rest of your day!
Achondroplasia (dwarfism) is caused by a dominant gene. A woman and a man both with dwarfism marry. If homozygous achondroplasia results in the death of embryos, then the expected ratio of normal to affected children will be
The expected ratio of normal to affected children will depend on the genetic background of the parents. If both parents have achondroplasia, which is a dominant gene, then each of their children has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.
In this case, the expected ratio of normal to affected children would be 1:1. However, if one parent is heterozygous (carries one copy of the gene) and the other is homozygous (carries two copies of the gene), then the expected ratio of normal to affected children would be 3:1.
This is because the heterozygous parent has a 50% chance of passing on the achondroplasia gene and the homozygous parent has a 100% chance of passing on the achondroplasia gene.
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A similar screening test was developed and evaluated on a similar population, and found to have a sensitivity of 38%, a specificity of 97%, with 63% positive predictive value and 91% negative predictive value. Pick the correct interpretations of these results: (Pick all answers that are true - you will get partial credit for whatever you get correct)
Students who do not genuinely have anorexia are more likely to be ruled out by this screening test than those who do.
The screening test indicates that anorexic children have a 38% chance of testing positive while anorexic students have a 97% chance of testing negative.
Those who test positive for disease have a 63% likelihood of having it, whereas those who test negative have a 91% chance of being disease-free. An unjustified fear of being overweight and a skewed body image are characteristics of anorexia.
Attempts to keep a weight below average by fasting or excessive activity are symptoms. To get back to normal weight, medical intervention could be required.
College students face a lot of pressure to be social and presentable because they are frequently in the company of people their own age. Numerous children decide when, what, and how much to eat for the first time. The two most typical eating disorders are bulimia and anorexia. Usually, eating disorders start between the ages of 18 and 21. In college, between 10 and 20% of women and 4 to 10% of males struggle with eating disorders, and the prevalence is rising.
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A couple has a daughter with Turner syndrome, a condition in which only a single copy of the X chromosome is present. This results from nondisjunction, the failure of the X chromosome to segregate properly during meiosis. During which meiotic division, and in which parent, could nondisjunction have occurred to produce a child with this condition
Turner syndrome (XO) in women have to give up end result from non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II.
Meiosis II withinside the mother, wherein she may be capable of produce 50% eggs having 2X chromosomes at the same time as the rest 50% will now now not have any X chromosome. When the latter type (O) of eggs fuse with the X chromosome containing sperms paperwork the father, it will be a XO genotype female with Turners syndrome Another possibility is non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II withinside the father. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, making haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes. There are divisions in meiosis; the primary department is meiosis I: the quantity of cells is doubled however the quantity of chromosomes is not. This consequences in half of of as many chromosomes in line with cell. The 2d department is meiosis II: this department is like mitosis; the quantity of chromosomes does not get reduced.
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How does Mendelian genetics apply to humans?
Mendelian inheritance is the term used to describe how qualities that are regulated by a single gene with two alleles, one of which may be dominant to the other, are passed down from parent to child. Even though just a few human features are governed by a single gene with two alleles, they provide a solid foundation for learning about human heredity.
He came to the conclusion that each parent transmits a pair of distinct genes to their offspring. Mendel studied how parental genes diverged and whether they manifested in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits. He was familiar with the mathematical traditions that were passed down from one generation to the next. Mendel's approach created a genetics template that is still employed today for gene discovery and comprehending the genetic characteristics of inheritance.
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Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the genotype Tt resulted in a tall to short ratio of
a)1:1.
b)1:2.
c)2:1.
d)3:1.
e)1:3.
The tall-to-short ratio produced by Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the gene Tt was 3: 1. Therefore, option d is correct.
A cross between two kinds of the same species of plant that only considers the transfer of one trait is referred to as a monohybrid cross. A cross between a tall pea plant and a dwarf pea plant is an example of a monohybrid cross because here only one character called height is considered.
Given the genotype of the tall plant is Tt. It is a heterozygous type for the tall plant. Then the cross between Tt and Tt is given in the Punnett square.
From Punnett square, we can tell there is a probability of about 3 tall plants and 1 dwarf plant from the given cross. Therefore, the required ratio is written as 3:1.
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A scientist is observing an invertebrate animal that she collected in shallow salt water. The animal has a hollow central cavity and a gut.Which animal is the scientist most likely observing
Answer: a cnidarian, because it has a gut a cnidarian, because it was collected in shallow salt water a sponge, because it has tissue layers a sponge, because it is an invertebrate.
What is a possible effect of leakage of inner ear fluid?
Answer:
Sensitive hearing, Dizziness, Intolerance to motion. Rarely, patients who have perilymph fistula can develop sudden hearing loss or vertigo.
Explanation:
A DNA polynucleotide is composed of a chain ot DNA nucleotides. Which component of a nucleotide can be removed without breaking the chain
DNA polynucleotides are composed of a chain of DNA nucleotides, which are made up of three components: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is the component that can be removed without breaking the chain.
The nitrogenous base can be one of four different molecules: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C). These molecules are the “letters” of the DNA alphabet, and they are the parts that determine the genetic code. When a nitrogenous base is removed, the phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar group remain linked, and the DNA molecule remains intact.
However, the genetic code of the DNA is disrupted because the sequence of nitrogenous bases is what determines the code. Therefore, removing a nitrogenous base from a DNA polynucleotide without breaking the chain does not necessarily mean that a functioning gene will be left behind.
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how do the locations where photosynthesis occurs differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Photosynthesis takes place on the folds in prokaryotes and in specialised organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells don't have specific organelles or a remote nucleus.
What is photosynthesis?
Plants absorb water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the soil and atmosphere during photosynthesis. Water is oxidised, which means it loses electrons, while carbon dioxide is reduced, which means it receives electrons, inside the plant cell. Water is converted into oxygen and carbon dioxide into glucose as a result. After storing energy within the glucose molecules, the plant releases the oxygen back into the atmosphere.
Chloroplasts, which are tiny organelles found inside plant cells, are there to store solar energy. Chlorophyll, a light-absorbing pigment found in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, is what gives plants their green hue.
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If the resilience of a damaged ecosystem is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged ecosystem has reached ____.
A tipping point is the point of no return, when the damage to an ecosystem has been so great that it can no longer recover through natural processes, such as secondary succession.
The tipping point is typically reached when the resilience of the ecosystem has been severely weakened, meaning that the system is unable to respond and recover to disturbances and disturbances can no longer be easily reversed. This can be due to a number of factors, such as climate change, pollution, overuse of resources, deforestation, and so on.
When the tipping point is reached, the ecosystem may never recover in its original state and may be permanently damaged or even destroyed.
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Explain how the activity simulates each of the following concepts as a process of natural selection (Variation, competition, struggle for survival, adaptation, environment, and selecting agent). Describe a specific example from this activity for each concept.
Examples of various concepts of the natural section are
Variation: Eye colour, body form, and disease resistance,
competition: Plants compete with each other for light exposure, temperature, humidity, pollinators, soil nutrients and growing space
struggle for survival: migration, hibernation, food collecting and storage, defensive actions, and child-rearing.
The term "natural selection" refers to the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Because population members are naturally different, each member of a population is unique in some aspects. This variation demonstrates how some people are more likely than others to have characteristics that fit in with their environment.
More environment-adapted species typically survive and reproduce more frequently than less environment-adapted ones through a process called natural selection. For instance, tree frogs are occasionally eaten by birds and snakes.
Natural selection is the term for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Due to the scarcity of resources in nature, animals with heritable features that help in survival and reproduction frequently produce more offspring than their contemporaries, increasing the prevalence of such traits through successive generations.
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describe at the molecular level how cells extract energy frm starches proteins and lipids by the process of aerobic respiration
explain how the relationship between light and pigment production might serve as a protective mechanism
The relationship between light and pigment production can serve as a protective mechanism for plants and other organisms. Pigments absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy, which is then used to drive metabolic processes such as photosynthesis.
This allows plants to absorb light and use it to create energy. Pigment production can also help protect organisms from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. Pigments absorb ultraviolet light and prevent it from reaching the cells beneath. This can help protect them from damage caused by exposure to UV radiation.
In addition, the pigments can act as natural sunscreen, reducing the amount of harmful radiation that reaches the organism’s skin. Pigments can also provide camouflage and protection from predators. By changing the colour of their skin, organisms can blend into their environment, making them less visible to predators. Overall, the relationship between light and pigment production can provide an effective form of protection for plants and other organisms.
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The Grand Canyon has much more than pretty scenery. It contains an amazing diversity of rock formations with an abundance of fossils hidden within. These fossils provide clues about past environments. The sedimentary rocks exposed throughout the canyon are rich in fossils, including fossils of these marine (ocean) brachiopod shells.
QUESTION: How does fossil evidence help you explain how the Grand Canyon formed? Write your answer
The most frequent fossils are small sea animals like gastropods, brachiopods, coral, and crinoids. When mixed with sandstone, this suggests that the region was a warmer, shallow sea at the time these sediments were created. The hyphae of rocks is a result of flooding.
What are bryozoans?Little aquatic invertebrates called bryozoans dwell in colonies. Colonies of many species form exterior protective structures called exoskeletons that mimic coral prosthetic limbs. Most colonies are anchored to a structure, such as a rock or sunken branch.
How do fossils work?Any surviving indication of a once-living thing from a previous geological age is known as a fossil. Examples include exoskeletons, bones, shells, animal or microbe imprints in stone, things preserved in glass, locks, fossil pine, and DNA traces. The fossil record is a collection of all fossils.
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Why is the e-waste harmful?
Answer:
the components used to make devices such as laptops, cell phones, and televisions, contain metals and chemicals known to harm human health
Explanation:
Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are good examples of _____. Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are good examples of _____. acclimation
Vestigial traits and neutral changes in DNA sequences are good examples of non-adaptive traits .
Structures that don't have any obvious feature and appear like residual components from a beyond ancestor are known as vestigial systems. Examples of vestigial systems encompass the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds. Vestigiality is the retention, at some point of the manner of evolution, of genetically decided systems or attributes which have misplaced a few or all the ancestral feature in a given species. Assessment of the vestigiality should usually rely upon assessment with homologous functions in associated species.
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A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later he went into convulsions, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide acted as a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. Describe the structural relationship between the enzyme, its substrate, and the insecticide molecule.
The enzyme is made up of a protein structure and binds to its substrate, which is often a specific molecule that is necessary for the enzyme’s function. The insecticide molecule is similar in structure to the substrate, but is much more powerful.
The insecticide molecule is a competitive inhibitor, meaning that it binds to the same site on the enzyme as the substrate does, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme and, in turn, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex and the insecticide-enzyme complex are similar, with the insecticide molecule fitting into the active site of the enzyme, forming a strong bond with the enzyme and preventing the substrate from binding to its active site. The insecticide molecule has a higher affinity for the enzyme than the substrate, which is why it is able to block the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction and, ultimately, cause the death of the farm worker.
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Which type of relationship is formed when a Julia butterfly drinks a spectacled caiman's tears?
commensal
mutualistic
parasitic
The relationship formed when a Julia butterfly drinks the tears of a spectacled caiman is known as mutualism.
Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit from the association happening in-between.
In this case, the Julia butterfly obtains sodium and other minerals that are essential for its survival and reproduction, which are not readily available in the nectar of flowers that it typically feeds on. The spectacled caiman benefits from the presence of the butterflies, as they help to remove excess salt from the caiman's eyes and keep them clean.
This mutualism relationship is not that common and is observed in only a few species of butterflies and reptiles and is considered a rare type of mutualism.
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In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of
A) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
B) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.
C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E) The increased membrane permeability to sodium ions causes the fast depolarization phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle.
In cardiac muscle cells, what causes the action potential's rapid depolarization phase?An opening of fast sodium channels initiates the depolarization phase of the action potential in muscle and nerve cells. This also occurs in cardiac cells that do not have pacing devices; However, the initial depolarization phase of the action potential is influenced by calcium ions in cardiac pacemaker cells.
What takes place during cardiac muscle depolarization?An electrocardiogram (EKG) is an indirect indicator of heart muscle contraction because contraction of the heart muscles is caused by depolarization of the heart. Without any external stimulus, the heart's cells will depolarize. Automaticity, or autorhythmicity, is the name given to this property of cardiac muscle tissue.
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What is Mendel's second conclusion?
Mendel's second law, also known as the Law of Segregation, states that during the formation of gametes, two copies of each gene (alleles) separate from each other and are passed on to different gametes independently of one another.
This means that for each inherited trait, an organism receives one allele from each parent, and the allele that is expressed (determines the phenotype) is determined by its dominance. This means that the dominant allele will mask the effect of the recessive allele. This law explains the phenomenon of Mendel's first law, the law of dominance, which states that certain traits are dominant over others. Mendel's second law also explains the phenomenon of Mendel's third law, the law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of another trait.
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Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called
a) phenotypes b) genotypes c) karyotypes d) haplotypes
Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called haplotypes.
A haplotype is a set of DNA variants along a single chromosome that tend to be inherited together. Because they are close together on the chromosome and recombination between these variants is rare, they are usually inherited together.
The haplotypes represent sequences along the chromosome that are either conserved intact or separated over time by recombination. This basic concept has led to the development of methods to extract information about recombination to help researchers identify disease-causing genes and loci.
In the genome, alleles of closely spaced variants on the same chromosome tend to occur together more frequently than would be expected at random. These allelic blocks are called haplotypes.
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ssertion(A)-Metabolic gas diffuse freely across plasma membrane. Reason(R)-Plasma membrane is permeable to these gases.
Answer: The assertion is true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
Explanation: This statement is true because the plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that it allows some substances to pass through it while preventing others from crossing it. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are small molecules that can easily diffuse through the membrane due to their size and lack of charge. Additionally, the plasma membrane has channels and pumps that specifically facilitate the movement of gases across the membrane. Therefore, metabolic gases can freely diffuse across the plasma membrane due to the permeability of the membrane.
explain the stages of respiration in 3 steps (you may include more). You must use the following vocabulary words in your written explanations and underline them: oxygen, carbon dioxide, raw material, products, glucose, diffuse. make sure to define and state oxygen's role in the process and explain carbon dioxide and why it's a by-product. in addition, you must talk about fermentation and how it related to cellular respiration
The stages of respiration in 3 steps include the following below:
GlycolysisThe citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycleThe electron transport chain.What is Respiration?This is referred to as a metabolic process in which the living cells of an organism obtains energy in the form of ATP by taking in oxygen and liberating carbon dioxide.
The lungs is referred to as the central organ for respiration in humans and it involves the process in which oxygen is diffused into the lungs and releasing carbon dioxide as the by-product as result of it being breathed out of the body.
Fermentation takes place under anaerobic conditions which means with no or insufficient amount of oxygen being present and it does not fully oxidize glucose instead, small, reduced organic molecules are produced as waste.
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Which contains more potential energy, a large, complex molecule like a protein, or the smaller amino acid subunits of which it is composed
A large, complex molecule such as a protein contains more potential energy than the smaller amino acid subunits of which it is composed. This is because a protein is a polymer, meaning it is composed of multiple molecules linked together in specific ways.
When these molecules are linked together, the bonds between them store energy. This energy is refers to potential energy. When compared to the smaller amino acid subunits, the potential energy stored in the protein is much greater. This is due to the fact that the potential energy stored in a protein is the sum of the potential energy of all the individual amino acids.
Additionally, the bonds that join the amino acids together in a protein are much stronger than the bonds that link the amino acids in the smaller subunits. Therefore, proteins contain more potential energy than the smaller amino acid subunits of which they are composed.
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