From the distances between genes and their order, it is possible to get recombination frequencies per region (simple and double recombination frequencies). The probability of obtaining a unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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We are usually asked to get the order of genes in a chromosome. To do so, we need to get the distances between genes. And to get distances between genes, we need to get their recombination frequency.
When three genes are involved, we get the distances by taking the recombination frequency, P, per region.
We talk about regions, R, when we are making reference to the space between two genes.
Gene 1 -----(R1)----- Gene 2 --------(R2)------ Gene 3
P1 P2
P1 = recombination frequency between Gene 1 and Gene 2P2 = recombination frequency between Gene 2 and Gene 3⇒ P1 = (SR + DR) / N
⇒ P2 = (SR + DR)/ N
Where:
SR is the number of simple recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals.The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).
In the exposed problem, we need to do the inverse way. We already have the order and distances between genes, and we need to get the recombination frequency, P.
We know that the order of genes is as follows,
unc-32 ------------- vab-7----------------- dpy-17
Distances are:
Region 1 = 10 MURegion 2 = 20 MUWe need to get the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring from a cross between a heter0zyg0us fly (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17/ + + + ) and the triple recessive nematode (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17).
Cross:
unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / + + + x unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17
To get the genotype unc-32 vab-7 + , a simple recombination, SR, must occur in region 2.
So we need to get the simple recombination frequency in Region 2.
To do so, first we need to clear the following equation
Distance between vab-7 dpy-17 = P2 x 100 = 20 MU
20MU = P2 x 100
P2 = 20 / 100
P2 = 0.2
The recombination frequency in region 2 (P2) is 0.2.
Now, we need to get the simple recombination frequency in this region.
P2 = (SR + DR) / N
P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
R1 = 10 MUR2 = 20 MUDouble recombinants Frequency = 10% x 20% = 0.1 x 0.2 = 0.02P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
0.2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + 0.02
Clearing the equation,
Simple recombinants Frequency = 0.2 - 0.02 = 0.18
Simple recombinant frequency in region 2 will produce the following two chromosomes,
unc-32 vab-7 ++ + dpy-17So half of this frequency will produce one chromosome, and the other half will produce the other chromosome.
unc-32 vab-7 + ⇒ 0.09+ + dpy-17 ⇒ 0.09So, the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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How does temperature affect the catalase enzyme
Argentine ants are an invasive pest and are abundant throughout Los Angeles, and many parts of the world. How might Argentine Ants disrupt the food web of birds feeding on insects found on trees
Answer: Argentine ants disrupt (or kill) insects on trees. That may carry up to influence birds.
Explanation:
Check all statements below that are true
All organisms must compete for survival.
When
organisms struggle to survive, they usually mutate
to
Some
organisms have phenotypes that make them better
increase chances of reproduction.
environment
competitors than others in their
Animals undergo natural selection, but plants and other organisms
Natural selection continues to occur even today
generally do not.
I
Phenotypes found In the most successful members of a species become the most prevalent after
several generations.
M
A decrease in food availability will increase the variation in a population.
Answer:
Statements thar are true:
Some organisms have phenotypes that make them better increase chances of reproduction.
Natural selection continues to occur even today
Phenotypes found In the most successful members of a species become the most prevalent after several generations.
Explanation:
It is not true that all organisms must compete for survival, sometimes the conditions are good and there is enough food or good climate conditions and that makes no need of competition an increase in the individuals of the species.
Animals undergo natural selection, this is a random natural phenomenon that can make plants and animals adapt better or worse to the enviromental conditions. This cause that the beneficiaries can adapt, survive and reproduce and became the most prevalent after generations.
Mutations are not phenomen that occur because the living being needs it, but rather they are phenomenon that occur at random at any time and determine the possibility of survival.
A decrease in food availability will do the contrary, decrease the variation in a population because it makes that only those who manage to adapt to eat another food survive, for example.
Answer:
A C E F
thats that ones
Think about what else do you know about weather and the sun? what would you like to know or learn more about?
Answer:
I Would Like To know more about the temperatures the sun makes on other planets
explain what's happening in the diagram below the respiratory system.
Answer:
Your respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. This system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections.
What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 4.03 g of hydrogen per mole, 64.14 g of sulfur per mole, and 128.00 g of oxygen per mole?
Answer:
Oct 27, 2015 · CH_4 For this kind of problem, you can assume that the weight of the unknown sample is 100g ( since 75% C + 25% H = 100%). Thus, weight of C = 75g weight of H = 25g Since chemical formulas deal with number of moles rather than weight in grams, you need to convert each element by multiplying it to their respective atomic masses.
Explanation:
The empirical formular i H₂SO₄
The first step is to calculate the compound by the molar mass
Hydrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen
4.03/1 , 64.14/32 , 128/16
4.03 , 2 , 8
Divide by the lowest value
4.03/2 , 2/2 , 8/2
2, 1 , 4
H₂SO₄
Hence the empirical formula is H₂SO₄
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Jamal was cutting the grass and started to sneeze because of the pollen. Which type of medication should he take?
antihistamine
antibiotic
antifungal
antiviral
Explanation:
antibiotics are used for that
1) The biological levels of organization range from a single cell all the way up to the biosphere in a highly structured hierarchy. The biological hierarchy includes cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems, and organisms. Muscle is a type of tissue meaning it is made of groups of cells working together. However, the three types of muscle tissue are specialized for different functions.
What do all three types of muscle tissue have common? Select ALL that apply
A) Muscle cells all contract.
B) Muscle cells are all striated
Muscle cells all cause movement
D) Muscle cells are all cylindrical
E) Muscle cells all have one nuclei.
Answer:
A C D
Explanation:
Got it right
All three types of muscle tissue have three things in common: Muscle cells all contract; muscle cells all cause movement, muscle cells are all cylindrical; that is, they have the same similarities as options A, C, and D.
What are muscle cells?All three types of muscle tissue—skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle tissues have some common features, such as being composed of elongated cells and having the ability to contract and generate force that enables muscle tissue to cause movement, such as the movement of a limb, the beating of the heart, etc. Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells are striated, meaning they have alternating bands of dark and light regions, while smooth muscle cells are not.
As a result, muscle cells all contract; muscle cells all cause movement; and muscle cells all have cylindrical shapes, i.e., options A, C, and D.
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WHAT IS THE ROLES DOES THE CYTOSKELETON PLAY IN LIVING CELL
Answer:
.
Explanation:
The cytoskeleton is responsible for contraction, cell motility, movement of organelles and vesicles through the cytoplasm, cytokinesis, establishment of the intracellular organization of the cytoplasm, establishment of cell polarity, and many other functions that are essential for cellular homeostasis and survival.
PLEASE HELP WHAT IS THIS BUG
Answer:
i dont know
Explanation:
Heat can be caused by
A. a decrease in friction
B. an increase in friction
C. friction remaining at zero
Answer:
B. an increase in friction
Explanation:
Answer:
B an increase of friction
Explanation:
Rub your hands together and you will probably feel it warm up a little, that's the friction.
how do sugars from cyclic hemiacetals
Answer:
glucophranoze is the answer
Make a model that shows how glucose is rearranged through cellular respiration to form new molecules. Include labels. Identify the number of each type of atom before and after the reaction takes place. Describe how energy is released in cellular respiration.
NEED HELP! I'LL GIVE BRAINIEST!! HURRY PLZ! Your answer is right down there
The Process of Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process of extracting energy in the form of ATP from the glucose in the food you eat. How does cellular respiration happen inside of the cell? Cellular respiration is a three step process. Briefly:
In stage one, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell in a process called glycolysis.
In stage two, the pyruvate molecules are transported into the mitochondria. The mitochondria are the organelles known as the energy "powerhouses" of the cells (Figure below). In the mitochondria, the pyruvate, which have been converted into a 2-carbon molecule, enter the Krebs cycle. Notice that mitochondria have an inner membrane with many folds, called cristae. These cristae greatly increase the membrane surface area where many of the cellular respiration reactions take place.
In stage three, the energy in the energy carriers enters an electron transport chain. During this step, this energy is used to produce ATP.
Oxygen is needed to help the process of turning glucose into ATP. The initial step releases just two molecules of ATP for each glucose. The later steps release much more ATP.
The process is of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process through which the glucose in the food you eat is converted into ATP, which is then converted into energy.
What is cellular respiration?
In the first stage, a procedure known as glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cell's cytoplasm.
The pyruvate molecules are delivered to the mitochondria in stage two. The organelles known as the cellular "powerhouses" of energy are called mitochondria
Pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria after being transformed into a 2-carbon molecule. These cristae significantly expand the area of the membrane where most cellular respiration occurs.
Therefore, The process is of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process through which the glucose in the food you eat is converted into ATP, which is then converted into energy.
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Tundra has mostly mosses, lichens, and grasses. What abiotic factors prevent other vegetation from growing in this biome?
Hot summers and cool winters; low rainfall
Cold winters, high precipitation, and lack of trees
Permanently frozen soil and low precipitation
High precipitation and little seasonal change
Answer:
C
Explanation:
i did the test
Tundra is located on the artic zone. Therefore, permanently frozen soil and low precipitation is the reason of hindered plant growth.
What is a biome?A biome is an ecological unit that depicts the occurrence of a biological community in response to the particular climate and the environment.
Biomes support variety of habitats across the different continents. Various biomes together constitute a biosphere.
A biome is identified on the basis of temperature and precipitation it receives annually. The presence or existence of organisms is dependent on these two factors.
Based on topography, biomes can be classified into terrestrial, fresh water and marine biomes.
Some of the well known examples of biomes include tundra region, taiga region, grasslands, desserts and forests.
There are also special types of biomes known as ecotones where the two biomes merge. Salt marshes are the example of ecotone.
Thus, biome is the life supporting unit in ecology.
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6. Which is not a product of photosynthesis? nitrogen glucose water oxygen
What is Down syndrome
Explanation:
i found this on internet...
Answer:
Down syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by a distinctive pattern of physical characteristics including a flattened skull, pronounced folds of skin in the inner corners of the eyes, a large tongue, and short stature, and by some degree of limitation of intellectual ability and social and practical skills. It usually arises from a defect involving chromosome 21, usually an extra copy.
Which of these is true about this organism? Check each phrase that is true..
Answer:
correct (all of them)
Explanation:
can some one help me with this please
Answer:
5 answer is c
6 answer is a
Explanation: your welcome
These are standards that determine a scientists behavior, right or wrong.
Answer:
right beacuse
Explanation:
What causes Sadness.
Does it affect our body?.
さようなら頭のいいお母さん。
Answer:
Sadness is caused when there is a strong emotional reaction to a particular object.
Sadness can sometimes lead to depression, but more commonly sadness can make you feel tired, angry, or stressed.
Explanation:
What are two substances that need to be transported out of animal cells, in order to survive
what is the chemical formula for the sugar carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis?
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. O2
Answer: C
Explanation:
los temas.
1. ¿La Meiosis es la división propia de células?
Answer:
Explanation:
Al igual que la mitosis, la meiosis es una forma de división celular eucariota. Sin embargo, estos dos procesos distribuyen el material genético entre las células hijas resultantes de formas muy diferentes. La mitosis crea dos células hijas idénticas, cada una de las cuales contiene el mismo número de cromosomas que su célula madre.
Students observe several slides of tissue cross-sections under the microscope. They are asked to develop a key system to classify the slides as coming from either monocot or dicots. What key system should the students develop
As students observe several slides of tissue cross-sections, one simple key they can use to determine if the slides come from dicots or monocots is to analyze the vascular bundles.
A vascular bundle is described as a portion of the transport system of vascular plants. These bundles are microscopically different in Monocots than they are in Dicots, which will allow students to tell them apart through the tissue slides.
The difference is that monocots contain randomly scattered bundles located throughout the stem. On the other hand, dicots have their vascular bundles more neatly organized in concentric circles. These microscopic differences can serve as a key to be used by the students to classify the tissue samples they are studying.
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In some bees, thin stripes (S) are dominant over thick stripes (s) and black eyes (B) are dominant over gray eyes (b). Complete a dihybrid cross for parents with the genotypes SsBB and ssBb and determine the likelihood of offspring with the genotype ssBB. SB SB sB sB sB SsBB SsBB ssBB ssBB sb SsBb SsBb ssBb ssBb sB SsBB SsBB ssBB ssBB sb SsBb SsBb ssBb ssBb 1/16 4/16 3/16 2/16
Answer: I think the answer should be 4/16
Explanation: Hope this helps
Answer:
B. 4/16
Explanation:
Pain in an area of the shoulder that occurs during a heart attack is called __________________ pain.
Answer:
anginapectoris
......
Which statement contains inaccurate information about stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated.
Stem cells are specialized.
Stem cells can make more cells of the same type through cell division (potentially indefinitely).
Answer:
The incorrect statement is stem cells are specialized.
Explanation:
By their nature stems cells are unspecialized because they are undifferentiated. This means that they have not yet been assigned a specific role in the body.
si es imposibles escapar de un agujero negro
hasta donde podrias acercarte para aprovechar la aceleracion de su gravedad?
English Version:
Viewing it from the safe distance of 230 million light-years, the astronomers say in the paper published in The Astrophysical Journal, that this fact makes it seem as though the supermassive black hole has been disturbed. The reason for this is unknown, though there are guesses.
Spanish Version:
Viéndolo desde la distancia segura de 230 millones de años luz, los astrónomos dicen en el artículo publicado en The Astrophysical Journal, que este hecho hace que parezca que el agujero negro supermasivo ha sido perturbado. Se desconoce la razón de esto, aunque hay conjeturas.
Hopefully, this helped!
¡Con suerte, esto ayudó!
The process of converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by the blood vessels
A. Peristalsis
B. Bowel Elimination
C. Constipation
D. Digestion
Answer:
The answer would be digestion
Explanation:
When food is digested, it's broken down into smaller pieces so its can convert into energy for our body.
hope this helps :3
what is the difference between DAMPS and PAMPS?
The difference that can be attributed to both PAMPs and DAMPs is ;
PAMPs is one that drive inflammation as a result of infection and it is usually derived from microorganisms.DAMPs is been derived from some host cells.What are PAMPs and DAMPs ?Both PAMPs and DAMPs always posses their own derivation, DAMPs goes with host cell which could be tumor cells, dead or dying cells, and PAMPs on the other hand is been drive inflammation in response to infections.
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