At a plant that manufactures bars of steel, a machine is used to cut the bars to specific lengths. The machine has a dial that sets the length of the bars to be cut. However, the dial is currently out of alignment and the plant manager is collecting data to assess the situation. The following table shows 8 trials at different dial settings along with the actual output length of the bars that were cut. All measurements are in millimeters.
(a) Use the following grid to construct a scatterplot in which dial setting is the explanatory variable and output length is the response variable. Based on your graph, does a linear model seem appropriate? Justify your answer.
(b) Use the data to construct a least-squares regression line to predict output length from dial setting.
(c) Assume that all conditions for inference are met. Indicate the hypotheses appropriate to test whether there is a linear relationship between output length and dial setting
(d) The test statistic for the appropriate test is t=9.018. Do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that there is a linear relationship between output length and dial setting?

Check Attached Photos. Sorry, it didn't let me submit it through text because of "inappropriate language," despite me not having any in my answer.

For the plant which manufactures bars of steel, the conclusions are as follows;

A.  The scatter graph is shown.

B.  The equation is y = 2.204 + 1.007x

C.  Null hypotheses (H₀); β = 0

     Alternative hypotheses (Hₐ); β ≠ 0

D.  P-value (0.0001) is less than the significance level (α = 0.05).

In null hypotheses, there is no relationship between the two phenomenons under the assumption or it is not associated with the group. And in alternative hypotheses, there is a relationship between the two chosen unknowns.

At a plant that manufactures bars of steel, a machine is used to cut the bars to specific lengths.

The machine has a dial that sets the length of the bars to be cut.

The dial is currently out of alignment and the plant manager is collecting data to assess the situation.

The following table shows 8 trials at different dial settings along with the actual output length of the bars that were cut.

All measurements are in millimeters.

Dail setting    Output length

     75                     78

     77                     79

     79                     82

     80                     83

     81                      85

     82                     83

     83                     86

     85                     88

A. The scatter plot is shown below.

Based on the scatter plot, a linear model seems appropriate to the model relationships between the dial setting of the machine and the output length of the steel bar.

The scatter plot shows the strong (r = 0.965), positive, linear association. There do not appear to be any outliners.

B.  From the data to construct a least-squares regression line to predict output length from dial setting. Then

y = (a + bx)

Let x be the dial setting machine and y be the output length of steel bars (in mm).

y = 2.204 + 1.007 x

C.  All conditions for inference are met. Indicate the hypotheses appropriate to test whether there is a linear relationship between output length and dial setting.

Let β be the true slope of the population regression line relating the dial setting of the machine (x) and the output length of the steel bars (y) at the manufacturing plant.

Null hypotheses (H₀) ; β = 0

Alternative hypotheses (Hₐ) ; β ≠ 0

Appropriate test = slope of regression line t-test.

D.  The test statistic for the appropriate test is t = 9.018 with 6 degrees of freedom (7 - 1)

The normal curve is shown;

Using calculator command t-CDF, with the alternative hypotheses as β≠0, then P-value = 0.0001.

In probability notation;

P(b≥0.017) = P(t≥9.018) = 0.00005

P-value = (2) × (0.00005) = 0.0001

P-value = 0.0001

Assume α = 0.05

Since our P-value (0.0001) is less than the significance level (α = 0.05), we do not convince statistical evidence that there is a linear relationship between output length and dial setting.

As the dial setting (x) increases, the output length of the steel bar (y) increases as well.

More about the null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses link is given below.

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