Before reaching the eardrum, sound waves must pass which parts of the ear?

Question 13 options:



Pinna and stirrup




Anvil and stirrup




Auditory canal and Eustachian tube




Pinna and auditory canal

The animal industries can damage the condition of water because of the discharge of substance such as nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients and pathogens coming from the waste of the animals to the waterways and groundwater. It transmit ammonia that add to acid rain and the ecosystem's acidification. Methane is also being transmitted by animals. Animal industries is one of the reason for greenhouse gas emission worlwide that has an effect of the degeneration of the environment. There is a significant increase in water pollution, air pollution, greenhouse gases, deforestation, global warming, erosion, and human obesity because of animal industries.

The correct options are:

Let us understand these points in brief.

1) How soluble the hormone is in water. It depends on whether it is  hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Example, the hormones deprived of lipids are hydrophobic, like, steroids. It means they are insoluble in water. Since, they are insoluble in water, so, they can be used to transport proteins.

2) whether the hormone will be able to move through the cell membrane.  Hydrophilic hormones (from amino acids) are unable to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. So, the hormones which are derived from lipids are able to pass through the membrane because they are able to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. This diffusion occur through the membranes that have internal receptors.

3) whether the hormone interacts with receptors on the cell membrane. Since hormones are chemical messengers so they are able to interact with receptors that are present on the surface of the cell. That is how they effect the target cells.

4) whether the hormone interacts with receptors inside the cell. There are few receptors present inside the cells too. These hormones have the ability to interact with the receptors present inside the cells.

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Cell cycle

There are 4 checkpoints given in different phases of the cell cycle:

G0: Resting state. Given only when the cell is not prepared to divide. It takes place at the end of the G1 phase.

G1 checkpoint: It takes place in the same moment as the G0, this is a check for nutrients, growth factors (molecular signs), and DNA integrity.

G2 checkpoint: It takes place at the end of the G2 phase, to check if the cell size is correct and the DNA replication was correctly done.

Metaphase checkpoint: At the end of the metaphase. Here is checked the chromosome spindle attachment and chromosome alignment to the equatorial plate.

Answer:

You should know, the cell is our most essential body forming unit. Each organ in our body is all formed of cells. Cells divide and multiply in order to make new organs as well as gametes. The cell is known as the structural and functional unit of life because all living beings are formed of cells.

The correct option is B. Encouraging farmers to enhance their farms by planting flowering hedgerows and natural nesting sites for pollinators. Flowers could represent refugees to pollinators and insects in general, which could mitigate the adverse effects they are experiencing.

Owing to the fact that the parent cell duplicates itself with the same number of chromosomes into the daughter cells then the daughter cell each have eight chromosomes.

The term cell division has to do with the process by which a cell is broken down to give daughter cells. The process of cell division is responsible for the growth of the organisms. There are two kinds of cell division and these are the mitosis and the meiosis.

While mitosis occurs in the body cells, meiosis occurs in the gamete cells of the organisms. We know that in mitosis, the cell duplicates the exact same number of chromosomes in the parent nucleus into the daughter nucleus hence the daughter nuclei both have eight chromosomes.

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Answer:

1. Coarse

2.Fine focus

3.Light

4.Arm, Base

5.Revolving nosepiece

6. 500x

The different types of DNA that can be found in bacteria are:

It follows that the DNA is one of the types of nucleic acid found in the nucleus of living cells or organisms. In the case of bacteria, the genomic DNA found in them structurally a single strand of DNA molecule with a lot of base pairs.

In addition to this, the plasmid DNA is another very common DNA found in most bacteria cells. These plasmid DNA structurally contains smaller circular molecules of DNA.

Bacteria are simple, microscope, primitive living organisms which can be found in water, soil, on air and even also inside living organisms. They are single celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.

So therefore, the plasmid DNA and genomic DNA are the best two different types of DNA that can be found in bacteria.

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The one criticism of the drive-reduction theory is It doesn’t explain why a person’s behavior increases discomfort.

Drive reduction theory is a major behaviorist theory of learning that posits that organisms are motivated to reduce drives to maintain homeostasis.

The Drive reduction theory was developed by Clark Hull in 1943. The theory works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. Clark Hull was interested in applying mathematical formulas to psychology, and it is simple to see how this works with the drive reduction theory.

In conclusion, the drive reduction theory could not account for the reason why a person's behavior decreases discomfort.

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ABC transport systems are the transport system best suited for the transport of nutrients which are present at extremely low levels in environment. Thus, the correct option is D.

ABC transporter are the ATP-binding cassette transporters. It is a type of active transport as energy is required. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is a large superfamily of membrane proteins with diverse functions. They can use the energy gained from ATP hydrolysis for the trans-bilayer movement of substrates either into the cytoplasm or out of the cytoplasm.

As this transport system has periplasmic binding proteins which can be specialized in picking up the specific nutrients with the help of ATP, even at very low concentrations. This system can be used for transport of rare nutrients in cells.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

Which transport system is best suited for transport of nutrients present at extremely low levels and why?

A. secondary transport

B. translocase

C. phosphotransferase

D. abc transport

E. simple PMF transport

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are both forms of inflammation of the joints in the body.

Osteoarthritis differs from rheumatoid arthritis in that osteoarthritis occurs as a result of the wearing away of the cartilage at the joints whereas rheumatoid arthritis occurs as a result of an autoimmune response where the immune system of an individual attacks the tissues around the joints resulting in inflammation.

Arthritis is a condition in which there is inflammation of the joints resulting in pain and difficulty in walking.

Two forms of arthritis are:

Osteoarthritis is due to the wearing away of tissue around the bone whereas rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system reacts against the joint tissues.

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Answer:

D It helps maintain an equilibrium of particles inside and outside a cell.

Explanation:

Have good day

The miner does not know the composition of the mineral but the geologist does. Option B

The term miner has to do with any person who have been trained to be able to extract minerals from under the ground. This implies that the person is able to excavate the ground and just get the mineral out without minding what kind of mineral that have just been extracted.

On the other hand, the geologist is concerned about the structure of the mineral that have been extracted from the ground. The geologist wants to know the kind of substances that could be found in the mineral.

We can then say that;  A miner defines a mineral as anything taken from the ground, while a geologist defines a mineral as any naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a particular crystalline structure, and can be represented by a chemical formula.

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Answer: Ecosystem services

The statement which is correct about the enzyme-substrate complex during an enzymatic chemical reaction is that it occurs independently of the enzymes's active site. Thus, option D is correct.

Enzymes are the biological catalyst that helps to speed up the chemical reaction that carries out in the body. Enzymes has been the protein by nature and there are number of the enzymes present in our body such as salivary amylase, pepsin, renin, lyases, lygases etc.

The main function of enzyme has to make the metabolism fast as well as speed up the chemical reaction carried out in the body. The best example of the enzyme has salivary amylase which has been an enzyme and it has present in the saliva and helps in the digestion of food.

Therefore, The statement which is correct about the enzyme-substrate complex during an enzymatic chemical reaction is that it occurs independently of the enzymes's active site. Thus, option D is correct.

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Based on the information given, the reaction C->D is endergonic.

Endergonic reactions are chemical reactions that are driven by energy. In other words, they are reactions that consume energy in order to take place. This energy is usually in the form of heat.

Endergonic reactions are unique from exergonic reactions. The latter does not consume energy in order to take place, rather they release energy. Similar to endergonic reactions, the energy is also usually released in the form of heat.

The reaction: ATP -> ADP is known as ATP hydrolysis. When it happens, the energy in one of the phosphate groups in ATP is released. This energy is utilized to drive reactions that require energy.

Thus, if C->D requires that an ATP molecule is hydrolyzed, it means the reaction requires energy. The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP is what is used to drive the reaction.

Thus, C->D is an endergonic reaction.

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Answer:

The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding there. The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it doesn't block substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze the reaction efficiently.

Answer:True

Explanation:

We must remember that many conditions work together to exert a selective pressure and not only a single trait determines this, nonetheless, in the present example, but we can also see that those that are bold easily can bite the bait, so makes them vulnerable to fishing even if they support better stress, meanwhile those shy are more elusive and even if they do no deal well with stress are harder to catch and more careful so, the best answer is the second option.

In this diagram, we see the representation of a plant cell, characterized by having a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.

In this image, number 2 is indicating the nucleus, which contains the genetic material; while number 3 indicates the chloroplasts, which is where photosynthesis takes place.

So, number 2 is the nucleus, and number 3 is the chloroplast.

Chemistry is related to biology because some chemical substances are obtained from living organisms and also, in biology, chemical reactions occur within living organisms.

Biology is the study of ling things as well as their interaction with non-living things in their environment.

Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, properties, as well as the changes it undergoes.

Since all living and non-living things are made of matter, the study of chemistry and biology are related.

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Answer: 212.5 ml/L

Explanation:

What would be a probable blood sugar level for person B at 3.5 hours? 212.5 ml/L 9.

The answer is Karyotype. By definition, the karyotype is a test that looks at the shape, size, and number of a person's chromosomes.

The other options are incorrect because:

Diploid means having two complete sets of chromosomes from each of the parents.

Homologous could be a gene that is inherited by a common ancestor.

Klinefelter refers to a genetic condition where a boy is born with an extra X chromosome.

The air travels down the trachea into two branching tubes called bronchi and then on into the lungs.

At the lungs, oxygen from the air enters the blood.

At the same time, the waste gas, carbon dioxide, leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you exhale.

Some water vapor also leaves the body when you exhale, which is why mirrors get foggy when you breathe on them.

The diaphragm is the primary muscle that controls the lungs.  It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep flowing into your body.

If something gets in your nose and irritates it, you sneeze. If something gets in your trachea or bronchi and irritates it, you cough.

The lungs are described as the pair of spongy, pinkish-gray organs in the chest.

The lungs has some functions which include:

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The cerebellum is primarily responsible for muscle control, including balance and movement. It also plays a role in other cognitive functions such as language processing and memory.

The lower back is where the cerebellum, a component of the brain, is situated. Up to 80% of all neurons are found in the brain, despite the fact that it only comprises roughly 10% of the brain's total weight.

The cerebellum carries out a variety of activities related to movement and coordination, such as:

Changes in balance and movement can be recognized by specialized sensors in the cerebellum. It sends impulses that cause the body to adjust and move.

The majority of physiological actions need the coordination of multiple muscle groups. The cerebellum organizes muscular actions to enable smooth body movement.

The cerebellum synchronizes eye movements.

The cerebellum helps the body acquire movements that need repetition and modification. For instance, the cerebellum plays a role in learning how to play an instrument or ride a bike.

The cerebellum is thought to process language and mood as part of thought. These functions' outcomes have not yet been properly investigated.

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Glycolysis = 2 NADH × 3 = 6 ATP.

The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.

The sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is oxidized in the sixth step of glycolysis, which releases high-energy electrons that are then taken up by the electron carrier NAD+ to create NADH. A second phosphate group is subsequently added to the sugar, phosphorylating it and creating 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

And we know that 1 NADH molecule equals to 3 molecules of ATP. thus 2 molecules of NADH will produce total 6 molecules of ATP.

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The relative atomic mass of the elements are as follows:

The relative atomic mass of an element is the sum of the product of the isotopic masses of the isotopes of an element and their relative abundances.

The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated as follows:

Relative atomic mass = sum of  (isotopic mass * relative abundance) of all the isotopes of the element.

The relative atomic mass of sulfur is calculated below:

Relative atomic mass = (32.95 * 0.0075) + (31.972 * 0.950) + (33.967 * 0.042) + (36.01435 * 0.0002)

Relative atomic mass = 32.054 amu

The relative atomic mass of chlorine is calculated below:

Relative atomic mass =  (34.97 * 0.755) + (36.97 * 0.245)

Relative atomic mass = 35.46

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The muscles a woman uses to lift the ball over her head are the deltoid muscles.

The shoulder, a ball-and-socket joint that joins your arm to your body's trunk, is where one finds their deltoid muscles. Someone can move their arms in various directions with the use of their deltoid muscles. Additionally, they safeguard and support the shoulder joint. The deltoid muscle's primary job is to move the shoulder joint and humerus at the same time.

An insertion point is a location where a muscle joins a bone. The anterior, lateral, and posterior deltoid heads are the three. They each have a unique insertion place. They enable the upper arm to move freely and stabilize the shoulder joint at the same time.

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Answer:

The Biome is a variety of ecosystems and covers a huge geographical area.

The Ecosystem is a relationship between nonliving and living components of the earth.

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