Which gas is least abundant in Earth's atmosphere? EXTRA POINTS
A .A
B .B
C .C
D .D

Gene expression is the process of turning genes on or off. Gene expression can occur at any point of the transcription-translation process but most often occurs at the transcription level.

Gene expression is the process of turning genes on or off. Proteins that can be activated by other cells and signals from the environment are called transcription factors. Transcription factors bind to regulatory regions of the gene and increase or decrease the level of transcription. Other mechanisms of gene regulation include regulating the processing of RNA, the stability of mRNA and the rate of translation.

Turning the correct genes on and off is an essential component to maintaining a cell’s functionality. Only some of a cell's genes are translated and expressed (transcribed) by the cell. By activating or deactivating the expression of the proper genes, cells respond to environmental cues. Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on or off. Gene expression can occur at any point of the transcription-translation process but most often occurs at the transcription level.

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Water has a high specific heat.

Due to the high specific heat of water, which means that in order to slightly raise or slightly lower the temperature of water, respectively, a huge amount of heat must be removed, cities near the ocean experience less change and extreme temperature than inland cities.

Due to the fact that water warms up during the day far more slowly than concrete inland cities do, cities near the seaside have milder temperatures than those in inland areas. Ocean water cools down during the night much more slowly than concrete built upland cities. Because of this, the temperature in coastal cities doesn't drop as much, resulting in less of a difference between day and night time temperatures and less extreme temperatures than in inland cities.

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Clostridium perfringens is found greatly in the environment in soil, rotting greenery and marine sediment, as well as in the intestinal tract of creatures. The bacteria can create endospores, apt of surviving adverse conditions for long periods of time.

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is

critical gastroenteritis induced by ingestion of contaminated food. Signs are watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Diagnosis is by identifying C. perfringens in infected food or in stool. Thus, Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is critical gastroenteritis caused by ingestion of contaminated food.

Clostridium perfringens bacteria are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. CDC estimates that the bacterium causes nearly 1 million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year. C. perfringens makes spores, which are inactive forms of the bacterium that help it survive heat, dryness, and other environmental conditions. C. perfringens spores can transform into active bacteria, which multiply in the food. After someone eats food containing C. perfringens, it can produce a toxin (poison) that causes diarrhea.

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Roger, a police officer, takes Iqbal into custody for questioning just because Iqbal is an Arab American. Roger is of the belief that all members of Iqbal's ethnic community are violent. In this scenario, Roger's actions best illustrates racial profiling.

In this food chain, 1,000kg are needed to create kg of (kg) of huge fish.

NOTE:The complete question is- 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

It is common practice to calculate phytoplankton biomass utilizing connections between cell volume, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) contents which have been established using a variety of plankton that range in size by several orders of magnitude.

Because zooplanktons are lighter and smaller in size than phytoplankton, their biomass is higher that of the latter.In addition, they spend the daytime in the shadows of water bodies and come to the surface at night to graze on phytoplankton.

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Inside of a pizza oven. Bacteria are limited in their ability to withstand heat, like the majority of living things.

Food-borne bacteria can be eliminated by a pizza oven. The majority of food produced in a pizza oven would come out with the majority of the bacteria or virus on it gone, but this does not mean the food has been entirely sterilised. Both bacterial spores and heat-stable bacterial toxins cannot be destroyed by a pizza oven.

Naturally, baking destroys any bacteria that may be on a pizza. The explanation is that an oven, even a pizza oven, is one environment where bacteria and other germs cannot survive because of the high temperatures.

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As per twin examinations, around 40-60% of the change in the Large Five is heritable,5, 6, 7 with some cross-over in heritability between character qualities themselves.

In many diseases genetic factors are significant. This implies that part, or the gamble, is all passed down from one's folks. Certain sicknesses are brought about by an irregularity in one single quality and CADASIL is one of these illnesses.

For instance, qualities are the reason one youngster has light hair like their mom, while their kin have earthy colored hair like their dad. Qualities likewise decide why a few sicknesses run in families and whether children will be male or female.

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Answer:

cytoplasm

Explanation:

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is found in the cytoplasm and has a complex shape. It is responsible for carrying amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome surface, ready to make a protein as instructed by the mRNA.

39 chromosomes involve at the cell poles as a result. They decreases from 2n (diploid) to n (haploid). They then go through meiosis II, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, with half several chromosomes as the parent cell.

A single cell has been splits twice during the meiotic process, leaving four cells with half of its original genetic material. These cells sperm in men and eggs in women are our sex cells.

When DNA is broken, the G2 checkpoint prevents cells from initiating mitosis, giving the chance for healing and limiting the reproduction of damaged cells. Understanding the molecular origins of cancer requires a focus on the G2 checkpoint since it helps to the creation of genomic stability.

Therefore, They then go through meiosis II, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, with half several chromosomes as the parent cell.

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genetic susceptibility Having certain medical conditions, such as obesity or uncontrolled diabetes before and during pregnancy embryo or fetus and the type of defect are influenced.

Some pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, tobacco, chemicals, alcohol, some diseases, and in some situations, unmanaged health issues in the expectant parent are examples of common teratogens.

Physical agents, metabolic circumstances, infections, and finally, medications and chemicals, are the four categories into which teratogens are divided. The Greek word meaning monstrous.

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The statement that best describes the most important factor that allows cells to keep accomplishing their many tasks is that Cells are constantly producing usable energy in the form of ATP.

ATP is also produced during the cellular respiration process in a cell's mitochondria. This can be accomplished through either aerobic respiration, which demands oxygen or anaerobic respiration, which does not. From glucose and oxygen, aerobic respiration generates ATP (as well as carbon dioxide and water).

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy source for use and storage. ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate with the structure of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three sequentially bonded phosphate groups.

Our cells produce ATP in two ways: substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Plants have one more. They use sunlight energy to produce ATP during photosynthesis.

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The fraction of offspring that are predicted to have the genotype xxyyzz = 1/64

Cross: XxYyZz  x  XxYyZz

Gametes: XYZ, XyZ, XYz, Xyz, xYZ, xyZ, xYz, xyz

                 XYZ, XyZ, XYz, Xyz, xYZ, xyZ, xYz, xyz

Performing a Punnett square would be too extensive. So we can think about an easier way.

We know that the three genes assort independently from each other. So we can analyze each trait separately, to get

the genotypic proportion of the offspring.

F1) 1/4 XX, 1/2 Xx, 1/4 xx

F1) 1/4 YY, 1/2 Yy, 1/4 yy

F1) 1/4 ZZ, 1/2 Zz, 1/4 zz

So, to get all the possible genotypic proportions of the progeny, for each combination, we must multiply their respective genotypic proportions. For instance,

Genotype                Proportion

XXYYZZ                  1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/64

XXYyZZ                   1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32

XXYYZz                   1/4 x 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/32

XXYyZz                    1/4 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16

And so on until you complete all the possible combinations.

We are asked about the fraction of offspring that are predicted to have the genotype xxyyzz. So, following what we  did before, we just need to multiply the proportions only for homozygous recessive genotypes. This is

Hence, Genotype Proportion xxyyzz 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/64

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The two organelles from the cell body that are involved in preparing for the release of neurotransmitters are the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

The neuron's cell body contains a nucleolus, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. A vesicle is a tiny sac made of a membrane that contains liquid. This facilitates the movement of materials into or out of the cell.

In neurons, the vesicle helps to transport and store the neurotransmitter. The ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the location where the proteins that make up the vesicles are produced. Vesicle biosynthesis starts once this protein migrates from the smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus. From there, the vesicles will bud off and be transported to the neuron terminal to become neurotransmitter vesicles.

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The option (b) is correct- they open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.

What is insulin ?

The hormone insulin lowers the blood level of glucose, a type of sugar. The pancreatic beta cells create and release glucose when the blood glucose level rises, such as after eating.

What is  glucose ?

The major sugar present in your blood is known as blood sugar or glucose. All of your body's cells receive glucose from your blood to utilize as fuel. Blood sugar levels that are too high are a symptom of diabetes.

Therefore, option (b) is correct- they open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.

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Answer:

Transcription is Protein Synthesis

Explanation:

DNA to mRNA is by the ribosome Protein Synthesis

Citrulline have to be supplied to the mutants of Neurospora that identified three classes of mutants that needed arginine added to minimal media that had a defective enzyme in order to grow.

The amino acid arginine is synthesized by first converting a precursor to ornithine, that is then transformed to citrulline, which is then converted to arginine. Every one of these three steps is controlled by a different enzyme, which is encoded by a different gene.

The synthetic pathway is undamaged in wild type Neurospora, and spores can thrive on minimal medium even without addition of amino acids. Some enzymes in the pathway are non-functional in mutant Neurospora, preventing spores from growing on minimal medium. All of the mutants in this section are referred to as arg- mutants because they all grow when the minimal medium is supplemented with arginine.

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Option (a) is correct. Treponema palladium can become a latent infection that later results in shingles is incorrectly matched.

Treponema palladium is a bacterium that

causes the STD known as syphilis. Without

a proper treatment, syphilis can have

detrimental repercussions on one's health. Treponema palladium can become a latent infection that later results in shingles is incorrectly matched.

By coming into contact with a chancre,

or sore, that is characteristic of syphilis, a

person can contract the disease. Cancers

can develop in, on, or near the lips, mouth,

rectum, etc. The spread of syphilis can

occur through oral, or vaginal intercourse.

Syphilis can potentially be passed from a

pregnant woman to her unborn child. Syphilis can spread to an unborn child when a pregnant person has it. Syphilis testing ought to be done on all expectant women at their initial prenatal appointment. At birth and during the third trimester (28 weeks gestation), some people will require additional testing. This includes those

who reside in places with high syphilis prevalence or who are susceptible to

contracting the disease while pregnant.

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Usain’s body has to breaks down glucose and produce energy to enable him to run so fast in the process of cellular respiration.

The process of cellular respiration is the process by which the body breaks down large food molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP.

The major food molecule that the body breaks down to produce energy is glucose.

Glucose is the most readily available form of food molecules that the body used to produce energy in the form of ATP.

The equation of the breakdown of glucose to produce energy in presence of oxygen is given below as follows:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ ---> 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP

The process of the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP occurs in three metabolic pathways given below:

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The three substances that makes up a cell wall include the following: cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose and pectin.

A cell wall is defined as the rough and flexible layer that surrounds mostly the cells of plants and they are made up of components that contributes to its rigidity.

The substances that makes up the cell wall include the following:

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These trees for six different groups of organisms for (A ) tree frogs,  and (F ) freshwater crabs are all colored based on whether the species come from mainland India or Sri Lanka.

Freshwater environments in the tropics support a variety of indigenous wildlife, including freshwater crabs, but many of these species are now in immediate danger due to habitat loss and degradation. The condition of freshwater crabs is unknown, but research on freshwater fish and amphibians indicates that between one-third and fifty percent of the species in some tropical freshwaters are either extinct or endangered. With 1280 species worldwide, freshwater crabs account for one-fifth of all brachyurans.

As a result, we conducted a thorough IUCN Red List assessment of freshwater crabs, the first time a research of this kind has been undertaken globally for any group of freshwater invertebrates. Unexpectedly high threat levels were found when the conservation status of every known species from the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia was examined.

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Answer:

The deficient hormone would be insulin.

Explanation:

If insulin is deficient, you are at risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

False, a system of records notice is not required if an organization determines that pii will be stored using a system of records.

A system of record (SOR) or source system of record (SSoR) in data management is an information storage system (usually implemented on a computer system running a database management system) that acts as the authoritative data source for a particular data element or piece of information. The need to identify systems of record may become critical in organisations where management information systems have been established by taking output data from several source systems, processing this data again, and then expressing the result for a new business application. In certain circumstances, different information systems may disagree about the same piece of information. The time of the extract, transform, and load procedures, as well as these variances in viewpoint and the use of different sources.

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The genotypic ratios when hamsters are crossed is Half brown, half tan, half brown, half tan. The allele of parent of brown is: Bb Tan parent allele is bb. The result when crossed is: Bb, bb, Bb, bb.

Dominance is a phenomena in genetics when one version of a gene on one copy of a chromosome obscures or overrides another version of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. Dominant refers to the first variant, and recessive to the second.

A particular allele that, when present alone, has no effect on the person is known as recessive allele. The expression of the trait requires the presence of two copies of the allele.

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The environment determines how the genotype is expressed. The environment influences gene activity, which leads to a change in the phenotype of fur color.

Coloration of the fur of Himalayan rabbits is regulated by gene C. The rabbit raised at 20°C (left) has pigmentation on its ears, nose, and paws because the gene is active when environmental temperatures are between 15 and 25°C. These areas are where the rabbit's body loses the most heat. Because gene C is dormant at temperatures above 30°C, the rabbit raised in this environment (on the right) lacks fur pigmentation.

Gene expression for fur color in Himalayan rabbits is influenced by temperature. The follicle cells taken from Himalayan rabbits tend to die when kept at warmer temperatures. Himalayan rabbits use fur color to communicate fitness during the breeding season.

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An ecosystem is a group of living things and the natural surroundings in which they live.

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The biologist draw the line in this way as The SJC harbor seal sub-population grew exponentially between 1970 and the mid-1990s. After that it reached its carrying capacity.

The typical population size of a species in a given habitat is referred to as carrying capacity.

Environmental elements including sufficient food, shelter, water, and mates are able to control the population number of the species. The population will decline until the resource recovers if these needs are not supplied.

The maximum number of people that a habitat can support in a community is known as carrying capacity. The carrying capacity is restricted by biotic or abiotic variables known as limiting factors.

The SJC harbour seal sub-population increased dramatically between 1970 and the mid-1990s, prompting the biologist to define this boundary. It then reached its limit of carrying.

Thus, scientists drew graph like this.

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The pH in Arizona phoenix ecosystem is 7 - 8 .

Explain phoenix ecosystem.

The Valley of the Sun, commonly known as the Phoenix metropolitan area, which is a portion of the Salt River Valley, is centered on Phoenix. The state of Arizona in the United States has Phoenix as its capital and largest city.

The largest city in America in this climate zone, Phoenix has a hot desert climate resembling that of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix features short, pleasant winters and long, extremely scorching summers. The city is located in one of the sunniest parts of the planet, with sunshine duration that rivals that of the Sahara.

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If the organism secretes an excess of ADH, urine would be less diluted and showing a bright yellow color due to salts concentration. Options: less water in it and bright yellow.

Anti Diuretic Hormone is a molecule that helps kidneys to control water loss through urine.

The ADH, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. Through these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, according to the organism's needs.

When the organism secretes too much ADH, the body retains too much water, and blood volume increases.

In these cases, urine would have less water and would be bright yellow because there would be a higher concentration of salts and other waste elements.  

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In section A of the graph the number of sales per year is increasing continuously. While in section the the sale is decreasing.

Graph is defined as a visual depiction or diagram that shows information or values in an ordered way. Graphs and charts are useful visual aids because they make information accessible and quick to understand.

Using bar graphs, numbers that are unrelated to one another can be displayed. Pie charts to illustrate the division of a whole into its component components. You can see how numbers have changed over time in line graphs.

Thus, in section A of the graph the number of sales per year is increasing continuously. While in section the the sale is decreasing.

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The nerve fibers sending Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin will most likely belong to Sensory (afferent) division of the central nervous system.

The afferent division, also known as the sensory division, transfers impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS. The efferent or motor division sends impulses from the CNS to the peripheral organs in order to produce an effect or action.

Sensory neurons collect and transmit necessary data from the skin, fascia, skeletal muscles, joints, and special senses to the central nervous system. These neurons are referred to as afferent since they initiate action potentials in the direction of the central nervous system.

The sensory nervous system is divided into two parts: somatic and visceral. The somatic division transmits sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscle, bone, tendons, and other tissues. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and organ glands send sensory information to the visceral division.

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