Answer:
can reveal the precise three-dimensional positions of most atoms in a protein molecule because x-rays and covalent bonds have similar wavelength, and therefore currently provides the best visualization of protein structure.
Because x-rays and covalent bonds have comparable wavelengths, they can now give the finest imaging of protein structure because they can reveal the precise three-dimensional locations of the majority of atoms in a protein molecule.
What is X-ray crystallography?
X-ray, a scientific technique called crystallography may be used to map out the atoms of a crystalline material in three dimensions. By using most crystalline materials' interatomic gap as a diffraction gradient for x-ray radiation, which has wavelengths on the order of 1 angstrom, this method makes use of the interatomic spacing of most crystalline solids.
Wilhelm Rontgen made the discovery of x-rays in 1895. Up until 1912, there remained disagreement about whether x-rays constituted electromagnetic energy or particles. Researchers recognized that this light's wavelength would need to be in the range of 1 Angstrom (A) if the wave theory was accurate.
It would be necessary to use a gradient with separation on the same order of magnitude as the light for diffraction and measurement of such tiny wavelengths.
To diffract the x-ray beams, the arrangement of the atoms must be in an ordered, periodic form. The specific arrangement of atoms in that crystal is then revealed through a sequence of mathematical computations to create a diffraction pattern. The principal technique still in use today for studying the structure and bonding of organometallic compounds is X-ray crystallography.
Therefore, since x-rays and covalent bonds can display the precise three-dimensional locations of the majority of atoms in a protein molecule, they provide the best imaging of protein structure currently achievable.
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Diet, temperature, oxygen levels and humidity) How do these environmental factors affect the genotype or phenotype in an animal? PLEASE HELP
Answer:
Effects of Environment on Phenotype. Genes play an important part in influencing phenotype, but genes are not the only influence. Environmental conditions, such as temperature and availability of nutrients can affect phenotypes. For example, temperature affects coat color in Siamese cats
Explanation:
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what can a wave be decribed as
Answer:
what wave hehe
Explanation:
sorry I don't know
If a human has an X and a Y chromosome pair, they are
How does blood flow
from a person's leg
back to the person's
heart?
Blood flows back to
the heart_
______.
Answer:
Vains because that's how blood flow?
Explanation:
Answer:
Deoxygenated
Explanation:
Watson and Crick described the DNA molecule as a
A) single strand
B) branching chain
C) double helix
D) straight chain
briefly discourse glycolysis
Answer:
Glycolysis:
Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration in which glucose molecule is broken down to pyruvate in a set of reaction and produce energy. It generates two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. The process takes place in aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm.
Significance: generate pyruvate for the next stage, pyruvate oxidation, and release four ATP molecules while spends two ATP molecules in glycolysis, for a net gain of two ATP molecules.
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What can scientists learn from index fossils?
A. The events that caused a layer of rock to form
B. The type of atoms in a sample
C. The exact date a plant or animal lived
D. The age of an unfamiliar layer of rock
Answer: C
Explanation:I have an aunt that is a scientist and she told me that they can find out the exact age dating based off of the fossil.
Hownis the total magnification of a cell calculated
Answer:
The total magnification of a cell is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens (also known as eyepiece lens) and the objective lens.
TIME REMAINING
55:07
RE
Which level of organization includes all the other levels of organization?
O organ system
O organism
O tissue
O cell
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Mark this and return
Answer:
organism
Explanation:
the reason is that all the levels organisation make up an ORGANISM
Compare and contrast the observed color of plums (purple) and spinach leaves (green) with the absorbance spectra featured in one of the video clips that support this lab topic. Use your understanding of observed color to explain why an extract made from plums absorbs light between 500 nm and 600 nm, whereas an extract made from spinach leaves (like the one you analyzed in this lab topic) absorbs light at much shorter wavelengths.
Answer:
Plums have high concentrations of anthocyanin, which absorbs light between 500 nm and 600 nm but reflects blue-purple wavelengths.
Spinach leaves have a high concentration of chlorophylls, which absorb light of lower wavelengths but reflect green ones.
Explanation:
White light is a mixture of the visible spectrum of light. Whenever white light meets a pigment, some wavelengths are absorbed by the pigments while others are reflected. The reflected spectrum is perceived as color and determined to be the pigment color or the color of an object or organism.
The color that tissue or vegetal organ express will depend on the pigment concentration or the combination of many of them.
The green color is normal in most vegetable species. Chlorophyll is responsible for this coloration, present in almost every vegetable species. This pigment absorbs blue and red wavelengths. Blue wavelengths a between 420-470 nm. But they reflect spectrums of green wavelengths, meaning that the expressed color is green in different tones.
On the other hand, many fruits -blueberries, cherries, plums, or grapes- and flowers express a high concentration of anthocyanin, a pigment that reflects spectrums of red, blue, and purple wavelengths. This pigment absorbs light of 250, 370, and 500-600 nm. Yellow and orange wavelengths correspond to 500-600 nm.
Plums:
Pigment → anthocyaninAbsorbs → light between 500 nm and 600 nm → yellow-orangeReflects → light between 300 nm and 370 nm → blue-purpleColor detection → purpleSpinach leaves:
Pigment → chlorophyllsAbsorbs → light between 420-470 nm → blueReflects → light between 470-530 nm aprox. → greenColor detection → green
(a) Plums have high engagements of anthocyanin, which absorbs light between 500 nm and 600 nm but reflects blue-purple wavelengths.
(b) Spinach leaves have a high engagement of chlorophylls, which absorb light of lower wavelengths but reflect green ones.
What is the reason that plums absorb light between 500 nm and 600 nm?White light is a mixture of the visible spectrum of light. Whenever white light meets a pigment, some wavelengths are absorbed by the pigments while others are reflected.
The reflected spectrum is perceived as color and determined to be the pigment color or the color of an object or organism.
The color that tissue or vegetal organ express will depend on the pigment concentration or the combination of many of them.
The green color is normal in most vegetable species. Chlorophyll is responsible for this coloration, present in almost every vegetable species. This pigment absorbs blue and red wavelengths.
Blue wavelengths a between 420-470 nm. But they reflect spectrums of green wavelengths, meaning that the expressed color is green in different tones.
On the other hand, many fruits -blueberries, cherries, plums, or grapes- and flowers express a high concentration of anthocyanin, a pigment that reflects spectrums of red, blue, and purple wavelengths.
This pigment absorbs light of 250, 370, and 500-600 nm. Yellow and orange wavelengths correspond to 500-600 nm.
Thus
(a) Plums have high engagements of anthocyanin, which absorbs light between 500 nm and 600 nm but reflects blue-purple wavelengths.
(b) Spinach leaves have a high engagement of chlorophylls, which absorb light of lower wavelengths but reflect green ones.
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using appropriate example,discuss two advantages of motility in bacteria
Answer:
- avoidance of toxic substances.
- increased efficiency of nutrient acquisition.
Succulents and cacti often have short, thick leaves with a waxy coat. What function does this structure serve?
A) retains water
B) the plant uses less energy to grow these short leaves and conserves energy
C) prevents water from evaporating off leaves
D)all of the above
Answer:
C) prevents water from evaporating off leaves
Explanation:
Succulents and cacti are a group of plants known as XEROPHYTES. These are plants that grow and survive in areas or conditions where there is lack of water e.g deserts.
However, these plants need to adapt to the low or no water condition and one of the ways they do this is by possessing short, thick leaves with a waxy coat. This enables them to preserve water that would have been lost via transpiration from the leaves.
Answer:
(c) prevent water from evaporating off leaves
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The following picture suggests what
A. location A is more survivable by all species of rock pocket mice.
B. location B is more survivable for all species of rock pocket mice.
C. with time survivability of both species changes dramatically in location A due to natural selection.
D. with time survivability of both species changes dramatically in location B due to natural selection.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
location B is more suitable for rock pocket mice
Blood type is determined by proteins. Blood type A has a different protein than blood type B. Blood type AB has both types of
proteins and type o does not have either type of protein. When blood is transfused, the recipient's immune system will detect any
new or foreign proteins. The blood type proteins must be located:
Multiple Choice
eBook
References
in the red blood cell nucleus.
Inside the red blood cell cytoplasm.
on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane
in the nuclear membrane.
On the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane.
These proteins are called antigens.The antigens expressed on the red blood cell determine an individual's blood group.What proteins determine blood type?The sugar (glycan or carbohydrate) antigens.
The red blood cell membrane contains three types of protein that carry blood group antigens:
Single-pass proteins.Multi-pass proteins. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins.To know more about antigen here
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Question 5 of 30 Which statement provides the best description of the relationship between primary consumers and producers? O A. Producers and primary consumers compete with each other for food sources. B. Primary consumers eat secondary consumers, which rely on producers for food. C. Producers provide primary consumers with the chemical energy they need. D. Primary consumers provide producers with the chemical energy they need.
10% of the energy stored in the producer's tissues is used by herbivores. Option C. Producers provide primary consumers with the chemical energy they need.
What is a trophic web?
The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving the transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones.
The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels. Only 10% of the energy stored in each individual's tissues is transmitted to its predator. The remaining 90% of energy is released into the environment.
Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.
• The first link corresponds to a producer organism -autotroph-.
• The following links are the consumers -heterotrophs-: herbivores and carnivores.
• The last links are the decomposers that degrade organic matter from dead organisms.
Because it is a web, all organisms are in equilibrium until a change occurs. When a sudden change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.
Any change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.
Options:
A. Producers and primary consumers compete with each other for food sources ⇒ False. they do not compete. Producers take energy from the sun, while primary consumers take energy from producers.
B. Primary consumers eat secondary consumers, which rely on producers for food. ⇒ False. Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers.
C. Producers provide primary consumers with the chemical energy they need. ⇒ False. True. 10% of the energy stored in the producer's tissues is provided to primary consumers -herbivores-.
D. Primary consumers provide producers with the chemical energy they need.⇒ False. Primary consumers use the energy from the producers.
The correct option is C. Producers provide primary consumers with the chemical energy they need.
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Dichotomous key (PLZ HELPLPP)
Answer:
The answers are the following.
Explanation:
The candy no. 3 and 4 is hard whereas the candy no. 5 and 7 is not hard. The candy no. 3 is on the stick whereas the candy no. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 is not on the stick. The snicker and candy no. 7 are long and thin whereas the candy no. 1, 3, 4, 5 are not long and thin. The Snickers candy is made of chocolate whereas the candy no. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 are not made of chocolate, they are made of other substances. The candy no. 1 is triangle shaped whereas all the candies except candy no. 1 is not present in triangle shaped.
1. Which of the following lists includes cellular structures found
in both plant and animal cells?
A. Chloroplasts, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm
B. Vacuoles, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria
C. Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall
D. Chloroplasts, vacuoles, cell wall, cytoplasm
Answer:
C. Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall
Explanation:The plant cell and the animal cell can be differentiated by the presence of organelles in them.although both are classified as eukaryotes, the presence of the cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts are the most remarkable and distinguishing components of the plant cells which are absent in the animal cells.
period between two periods of mitosis
the process involving the division of the nucleus in a
reproductive cell
Answer:
The nuclear division that forms haploid cells, which is called meiosis, is related to mitosis. As you have learned, mitosis is the part of a cell reproduction cycle that results in identical daughter nuclei that are also genetically identical to the original parent nucleus.
Explanation:
The nuclear division that forms haploid cells, which is called meiosis, is related to mitosis. As you have learned, mitosis is the part of a cell reproduction cycle that results in identical daughter nuclei that are also genetically identical to the original parent nucleus.
Answer:
In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.
Explanation:
The different stages of Mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division.
Which major body system is responsible for transporting nutrients,carbon dioxide, oxygen and blood cells throughout the body?
1.Circulatory system
2.Digestive system
3.Respiratory system
Answer:
1.Circulatory system
Explanation:
How to avoid wastage of food?
Answer:
we can avoid wastage of food by throwing it to dustbin
Explanation:
"Done"
How does structure of a cell suggest it's function?
Answer:
The structure of the cellular membrane suggests that it may be a barrier; its function as a selectively permeable membrane/barrier proves this to be true. The structure of the nucleus in a cell suggests that one of its chief purposes is to house and pass on DNA; its function helps to confirm this.
Match the muscle with its type.
1 deltoid:
2 triceps:
.
3 heart:
.
4 sartorius:
.
5 intestine:
.
6 veins:
.
7 biceps:
.
8 trapezius:
.
9 stomach:
.
10 gastrocnemius:
.
a cardiac
b smooth
c striated
Answer:
1 deltoid: striated
2 triceps: striated
3 heart: cardiac
4 sartorius: striated
5 intestine: smooth
6 veins: smooth
7 biceps: striated
8 trapezius: striated
9 stomach: smooth
10 gastrocnemius: striated
Explanation:
Striated muscle is a type of tissue composed of repeated functional units called sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile unit of the muscle fiber. The striated appearance is caused by repeating bands of actin and myosin proteins. Striated muscle tissue is subdivided into two major parts: 1-cardiac muscle and 2-skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic tissue that is mostly attached by tendons to the bones in the skeleton. This voluntary tissue (skeletal muscle tissue) is composed of multiple fascicles or bundles of muscle fibers. Moreover, cardiac muscle tissue, also known as myocardium, is a type of striated muscle that contracts and releases involuntarily, composed of cells called myocytes present in the heart. Finally, smooth muscle is a type of involuntary and non-striated muscle tissue localized within the walls of organs/structures (i.e., intestine, esophagus, stomach, uterus, urethra, bladder, blood vessels, etc.).
Suppose that you are able to sequence a portion of Dr. Ogden's genome. The DNA sequence below is a stretch of one of the genes.
TAC CGT ATA AAA AAT TAA CTT AGA CGT GCT CTT TCT CTT CGA GAA GAC ATA TTA CTT CGT TGA ATC
Given the DNA sequence above type the mRNA processed transcript (assume that TCT CTT CGA GAA GAC ATA is an intron).
Answer:
huh
Explanation:
fam what is that
The mRNA processed transcript will be: AUG GCA UAU UUU UUA AUU GAA UCU GCA CGA GAA AAU GAA GCA ACU UAG.
What is transcription?In genomics, transcription is the method of generating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. This copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), transports the protein information encoded in the gene's DNA.
This RNA copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), contains the genetic information required for a cell to produce proteins.
It transports information from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are produced.
The entire gene is copied into a pre-mRNA, which includes exons and introns, during transcription. Introns are removed and exons are joined to form a contiguous coding sequence during the RNA splicing process.
Thus, as the introns are getting removed completely, the mRNA sequence for the given DNA sequence will be: AUG GCA UAU UUU UUA AUU GAA UCU GCA CGA GAA AAU GAA GCA ACU UAG.
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Consider the following scenario: In a muddy lake environment, some fish have brown scales. Most fish, however, have silver scales. Predators have a harder time seeing the fish with brown scales. Which term best describes the brown scales?
Answer:
Camouflauge
Explanation:
The given condition in which predators have a more challenging time seeing the fish with brown scales is known as camouflage.
What is camouflage?Plants and animals use camouflage to blend into their surroundings.Both predators and prey use camouflage to avoid detection.Prey may change their skin color or disguise themselves to avoid detection by other predators during this phenomenon. Predators like the Stone Flounder, a flatfish, lay motionless on the ocean floor, buried beneath the sand, waiting for prey.Why do animals use camouflage?hide from their pursuers.They are making it difficult for their prey to flee and sneak upon them.Coloration and markings are used to blend into their surroundings.Thus, we can conclude that the brown scale fish use camouflage, resulting in a more challenging time for predators to see the brown scale fish.
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three constitutional limitations to the right to freedom of expression?
Answer:
(1)limitation must be within the constitutional power of government; (2) the limitation must further an important or substantial governmental interest; (3) the governmental interest must be unrelated to the suppression of the freedom of expression; and
Recumbent proteins refer to proteins that have been made:
Explanation:
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Which statement describes a feedback mechanism involving the human pancreas?
1
The production of estrogen stimulates the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction.
2
The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart rate
3
The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the amount of insulin in the blood
The production of urine allows for excretion of cell waste
The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the amount of insulin in the blood describes a feedback mechanism involving the human pancreas.
What is Pancreas?This acts as an organ and a gland and is involved in the production of insulin which regulates sugar level in the blood.
It decreases the sugar level which is why option 3 was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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you discover a certain species of weed growing in soil contaminated with toxic pcbs, and later determine that the pcb resistance is due to a single dominant allele (r) and only the seeds with genotype r_ will germinate and survive. if 19% of the seeds from a randomly mating population of resistant weeds will germinate in contaminated soil, what is the frequency of the R allele
Answer:
f(R) = p = 0.1
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
define cell and atom
Answer:
cell is made of molecules whereas atoms make up molecules. Cells are the smallest functioning unit in a living organism
Most angiosperms incorporate the assistance of animals in their reproductive cycle. This is a major advancement that gave them an advantage over other plant lineages and helped them become the dominant type of plant on Earth today. Which of the following steps in the reproduction of angiosperms do animals assist with? Check all that apply.
A. Pollination
B. Seed dispersal
C. Fertilization
Answer: The steps in reproduction of angiosperms that animals assist with is
a.) Pollination
Explanation:
ANGIOSPERMS are flowering plants that forms the largest group in the plant kingdom. The angiosperms are more highly evolved than other plants because they have an abundance of water- conducting vessels and bear seeds which are protected within fruits. Fruits develop from the ovaries of flowers, the female reproductive organ of the angiosperms.
Pollination is only the first step in the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It is followed by fertilization and development of the zygote. These steps change the flower into a fruit enclosing seeds. Pollination in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a receptive stigma.
Pollination depends on external pollinating agents known as pollinators. These include
--> insects and
--> animals such as birds, squirrel,bats and snails.
Animals such as birds perceive red colour more clearly than insects. They are also larger than insects and unlike insects have a poor sense of smell. As a result, flowers of plants that are pollinated by birds are usually Res with no scent. While flowers pollinated by insects are scented and produce nectar. As they visit the flower, they become covered with the pollen from the mature anthers of the flower. These pollen grains are eventually transferred to the stigma of another flower of the same species leading to fertilization which is a step in plant reproduction. Therefore, pollination is a step in reproduction of angiosperms that animals assist.
Answer:
B. Seed dispersal
Explanation:
Seed dispersion is an ecological process very important in keeping ecosystemic biodiversity and in vegetal communities regeneration. There are many types of dispersion. But probably, zoocory is one of the most significant types of seed dispersion.
There are two types of zoocory:
Exozoocory: refers to the transport of seeds in the fur or feathers of animals.Endozzocory: refers to the ingestion of the seeds and the posterior excretion.By endozoocory, herbivores are significant not only for dispersing the seeds but also for scarifying them. When seeds pass along the digestive system of the animals, the whole digestive process eliminates or debilitates the cuticle and other external structures, increasing the proportion and speed of germination.
Many vertebrates are involved in seed dispersion, but birds and frugivorous bats play an important role in dispersing seeds far away from the parental plant, playing an important role in the natural ecosystem regeneration processes.