can an exothermic process be non-spontaneous? group of answer choices no, because entropy increases in the surroundings no, because exothermic processes are always spontaneous it depends on the temperature yes, if entropy of the system decreases sufficiently

Group 5 Element X in the molecule XF2 is Sb.

Periodic table is the arrangement of the row and columns of the chemical elements. In the periodic table, period 5 contain 18 elements. These are Rb, sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,Te,I,Xe.

The Sb atoms are hybridizes with sp3 to form a stable hexagon ring structure. Sb can act as a central atom in SbF2. In this structure it is bonded with 3 F molecule. This has no lone pair of electrons. Sb is a toxic chemical element. Its atomic number is 51.this is the additives for chlorine and bromine found in many commercial and domestic products.it improves the properties of the alloy.

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Options A and B are anions whereas options C, D, and F are cations.

Cations are the ions that have a positive charge while the other hand, anions are the ions that are negatively charged. Ions are charged atoms or molecules. If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, it will attain a positively charged cation whereas if a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it will have a negatively charged anion.

Cations are positive ions. They are positively charged because they have lost one or more number of electrons and that's why it has more protons than electrons. Anions are negative ions. They are negatively charged because they gain one or more electrons so that's why have more electrons as compared to protons.

So we can conclude that A and B are anions whereas C, D, and F are cations.

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Based on the balanced chemical equation for reaction 5 aluminum III ion and copper II sulphate compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water

A chemical equation consist of reactant product and an arrow showing the direction of reaction and the equation in which number of atom of all the molecules is equal on both side of the equation is known as balanced chemical equation and when recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water the compound removed during those washes were aluminum II ion and copper II sulphate

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CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)

The Lewis structure for CF₄ and XeF₄ Both of them have symmetrical shapes and arrangements of polar bonds. This results in the cancellation of all polar vectors and a net dipole moment of zero. These are non-polar.

CF₄  is a tetrahedron with carbon at the center and fluorine at the four points. The dipole moments of the individual bonds cancel each other out.

Each of the other molecules is also a tetrahedron. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, which is more electronegative than hydrogen. The dipole vector for each bond is the difference between the polarities of the two atoms. The dipole moment of the entire molecule is the vector sum of all of the individual bond dipole moments.

CF₄ and XeF₄ cancels itself out and has no dipole.

SF₄ on the other hand have The lone pair of electrons causes this compound to have a net dipole moment. It has no opposite pair of electrons that could cancel its pull, this results in it being polar.

therefore, CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)

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The greatest contributor to the resonance hybrid is the resonance form with the smallest formal charges. The main resonance contributor is the one with the lowest energy. The question was incomplete, this is a general answer.

We can write some Lewis structure for a molecule, differing only in the positions of the electrons. The most stable structure contributes the most to the resonance hybrid. Any of a set of Lewis structures that differ only in the distribution of electrons in covalent bonds and single pairs. the weighted average of the resonance contributors gives the hybrid resonance. It often occurs in structures when the double bond lies opposite the single bond and forms two identical Lewis structures. The point of this is that double bonds and single bonds from one molecular structure can move or exchange positions so as to form a structure that is identical to the previous molecular structure. For example on O₃ (ozone).

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FCC unit cell consist of O,0,0,0,+1,0 atom.

What is atom?
Each atom is made up of a nucleus one and or more electrons that are bound to it. One or even more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus. Only the most prevalent type of hydrogen is neutron-free. Atoms that are neutral or ionised make up every solid, liquid, gas, as well as form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across. Due to quantum effects, they are so small that it is impossible to predict their behaviour with sufficient accuracy using classical physics, as would be the case, for example, if they were tennis balls.

FCC stand as a face centred cubic unit cell structure
Consists of atom arrange in a cube where is corner of the cube has a friction of an atom with 6 additional fool at terms situated at the middle of every cube.

cube has 8 corners and 6 faces
Each atom at the corner contributes 1/8 of itself to a particular cubic crystal lattice.
A 8 atoms × 1/8 = 1 Atom ( at corners)
Each atom at a face centre contributes 1/2 of itself to a particular cubic crystal lattice.
6 atom × 1/2 = 3 atoms
Total atoms in a fcc lattice is 4 atoms.

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Assuming that none of the water spilled out of the beaker when the block was added, then the scale reads 50 N.

Buoyancy is also called as upthrust. It is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially/ fully immersed object. In column of fluid, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the overlying fluid.

Given that scale reads 40 N

A block of wood of weight 10 N is placed in beaker,

Now, the scale will read 50 N as it has the weight of both water and wood.  No water is spilled out of beaker when block was added and wood is also present .

Now, total reading on scale is 40+10 =50 N

Although effective weight of wood is less as buoyancy is acting on it.

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The unknown gas is the mixture of gas A and gas D as interpreted by the spectra.

The pattern of lines created when light is split into its many frequencies by a prism is known as an emission spectrum. Only specific light wavelengths are emitted when gases are heated (an emission spectrum). Each gas has different wavelength. In a spectrum, an emission line can be seen if a source emits radiation at a particular wavelength. This emission happens when an excited atom, element, or molecule switches to a lower-energy form. Some of the light that passes through a cold item (gas or solid) can be absorbed. The amount of energy that an object's atoms possess is determined by the object's temperature.

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The product form in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with Bromine in water is trans-2-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol.

The molecular formula is C7H13BrO.

The Molecular Weight is 193.08200.

Synonyms of the product formed are as follow:

-2c-bromo-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)

trans-2-bromo-1-methylcylohexanol

1-Methyl-2trans-brom-cyclohexanol

trans-2-bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol

-2c-Brom-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)

For the structure check the image.

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The mass of Strontium-90 left after 112 years with an half-life of 28 years is 0.5 mg.

Mass can be defined as the quantity of matter a body contains.

To calculate the mass of Strontium-90 left, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the mass of Strontium-90 left is 0.5 mg.

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the recrystallized grain size will decreases on in the recrystallization reaction.

Recrystallization is a technique used to purify chemicals. This is done by dissolving a mixture of a compound and impurities in an appropriate solvent, the desired compound or impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the other behind.

Recrystallization does not involve a chemical reaction. In this process the crude product is simply taken into solution, and then the conditions are changed in order to allow crystals to re-form. Recrystallization produces a much purer, final product at the end.

As in the above case given if rate of Nucleation increases keeping the  rate of new grains growth constant, the ratio will increase and grain size will decrease.

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Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules within a substance.

Temperature measures the average kinetic electricity of the particles in a substance. Thermal power measures the whole kinetic energy of the debris in a substance. The greater the motion of debris, the better a substance's temperature and thermal energy.

All molecules have electricity and are in steady motion, they vibrate. This vibration is the energy of the problem and can be measured as temperature. most matter expands when heated, and whilst cooled it contracts. The greater electricity something has, the better its temperature and the greater its molecules are vibrating.

The time period is commonly used for the electricity levels of electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules- which might be sure via the electric subject of the nucleus. Also can seek advice from energy tiers of nuclei or vibrational or rotational energy tiers in molecules.

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Th amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8g ethylene glycol is 47.8J.

To calculate the amount of heat transferred (q) is the product of specific heat capacity(C), mass of substance(m) and the change in temperature(ΔT).

q=m×c×ΔT

Here m=47.8g , C=1K, ΔT= 1K

q= 47.8J

What is ethylene glycol?

Ethylene glycol is a water-absorbing synthetic liquid. It has no odour and a sweet taste. Ethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of antifreeze and deicing solutions for automobiles, aeroplanes, and boats. It's also found in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and printing presses.

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0.402 is the mole fraction of NaCl in a mixture of 0.564 g of NaCl, 1.52 g of KCl and 0.857 g of LiCl.

Mole fraction is defined as the given amount of moles divided by the total amount of the component in a mixture.

The formula for finding the mole fraction is

Mole Fraction = Moles of Component / Mole of total components

First we have to find the mole of NaCl

Moles of NaCl = Given Mass of NaCl/ Molar Mass of NaCl

= 0.564 gram/58.4 gram/mole

= 0.00965 mole

Now we have to find the mole of KCl

Moles of KCl = Given Mass of KCl/ Molar Mass of KCl

= 1.52 gram/74.55 gram/mole

= 0.0204 mole

Now we have to find the mole of LiCl

Moles of LiCl = Given Mass of LiCl / Molar Mass of LiCl

= 0.857 gram/42.39 gram/mole

= 0.0202 mole

Mole Fraction of the NaCl = Moles of NaCl/ Mole of NaCl + LiCl + KCl

= 0.00965/0.00965 + 0.0204 + 0.0202

= 0.192

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that 0.402 is the mole fraction of NaCl in a mixture.

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The number of atom of hydrogen present in 2.25 moles of cyclohexanol C₆H₁₂O is 1.63×10²⁵ atom

Cyclohexanol is a colorless thick liquid or sticky solid with a faint mothball odor

Here we shall determine the number of moles of hydrogen present in 2.25 moles of cyclohexanol C₆H₁₂O then

1 mole of cyclohexanol C₆H₁₂O contain 12 mole of hydrogen

Therefore 2.25 mole of cyclohexanol C₆H₁₂O will contain = 2.25×12 = 27 moles of hydrogen H

Then we shall determine the number of atom of hydrogen present 2.25 moles of cyclohexanol C₆H₁₂O then

Then from Avogadro hypothesis

1 mole of hydrogen = 6.02×10²³ atom

Then 27 mole of hydrogen = 27 moles ×6.02×10²³ atom

27 mole of hydrogen = 1.63×10²⁵atom

Thus we can conclude that the number of atom of hydrogen present is 1.63×10²⁵atom

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325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.

This problem is solved by using the concept of total mass percentage

Total mass percentage can be given as

Mass percentage = sum of mass percentage of elements in solution.

100% = 89% of plutonium aqueous solution by mass+ x V of water solution by mass

(100 - 89)% = x% of water solution by mass

11 % = x% of water solution by mass

mass percentage of water =( mass of water / mass of total solution) × 100

11 / 100 = mass of water / mass of total solution

mass of water =( 11/ 100) × 3500

= 325 g.

Thus, we concluded that 325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.

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If two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.

Kinetic energy is defined as the half of the product of massof the object and square of the velocity by which body move.

Mathematically, it may be defined as the

K. E = 1/2 × mv²

v² = 2K. E / m

Since, we noticed that velocity is inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Therefore, light body move with greater kinetic energy than the heavier body.

Thus, we concluded that two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.

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The empirical formula of the compound would be  [tex]P_2O_5[/tex].

The empirical formula of a compound is the chemical formula of the compound based on the simplest whole-number ratio of its component atoms.

The compound in question contains phosphorus, P, and oxygen, O.

P = 43.64

O = 56.36

First, let's find the moles of each atom by dividing their percentage composition by their respective molar weights.

P = 43.64/30.97

  = 1.4

O = 56.36/16

   = 3.5

Next would be to divide the moles by the smallest mole.

P = 1.4/1.4

  = 1

O = 3.5/1.4

   = 2.5

Thus, the smallest, whole-number ratio of the two atoms would be 2:5. In other words, the empirical formula of the compound is [tex]P_2O_5[/tex].

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Answer:

0.800M

Explanation:

First, convert mL to liters:

25mL x 1L/1000mL = 0.025 L

Molarity means mol/L, so divide number of mol by L:

0.02mol/0.025L = 0.8M

Add decimal places:

0.800M

The molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. The molarity of 25 ml an acetic acid solution that contains 0.02 moles is 0.8 mol  L⁻¹.

The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. It can be represented as 'M' and the unit of molarity is mol L⁻¹. It is usually employed in a binary solution.

The equation used to calculate the molarity is:

Molarity = Number of moles of the solute / Volume of the solution in litres

Here number of moles = 0.02 moles

Here 1 L = 1000 mL

Volume = 25 ml = 0.025 L

M = 0.02 / 0.025

M = 0.8 mol  L⁻¹

Thus the molarity of the solution is 0.8 mol  L⁻¹.

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Answer: represents London dispersion force and B represents hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

The amount of heat needed is 85.0 kJ.

Melting point determination is the most commonly used thermal analysis to characterize solid crystalline materials. It is used in R&D and quality control in various industries to identify solid crystalline substances and to ensure their purity. The heat capacity ratio is calculated by dividing the heat capacity at constant pressure by the heat capacity at constant volume.

Calculation

mass = 111g

temperature = 25.1⁰C.

Heat = msT

= 85.0 kJ.

Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin. The enthalpy change is given and the symbol indicates the enthalpy change. The heat of formation and heat of reaction are two forms of enthalpy. The boiling points of liquids can be determined using the capillary method. In this method a reverse capillary tube is placed in the liquid of interest and the liquid is heated.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 111 g of octane (C8H18), beginning from a temperature of 25.1⁰C. be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.

must be dead and must be brokin down in the exacto form It must be

The enthalpy of combustion of magnesium is -602KJ/mol

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with the oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions generally involves O2 as one reactant.

Heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the substance by one degree Celsius. Whereas the specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the heat capacity per unit mass and it is measured in joules per kilogram per degree.

To calculate the heat absorbed by the calorimeter we use;

q = C × ΔT

q = 5760 × 0.570

q = 3283.2 J

So, 0.1326 grams of Magnesium releases energy q = 3283.2 J

Then 1 gram of Magnesium releases = 3283.2 ÷ 0.1326 = 24760 J/g

1 mol Mg = 24.31 grams

Hence, 1 mol Mg releases energy = 24.31 × 24760 = 601916 J/mol

⇒ 601.92 KJ/mol ≈ 602KJ/mol

Heat of combustion is always negative so, q = -602KJ/mol.

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Explanation:

Answer : The mass of copper is 217.3 grams.

Explanation : Given,

Moles of copper = 3.42 mole

Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g/mole

Formula used :

Now put all the given values in this formula, we get:

Therefore, the mass of copper is 217.3 grams.

Coefficient 2 should be placed in the equation before the nitric acid in the reactant so that the chemical reaction becomes balanced.

The given chemical reaction is,

Zn + HNO3 --------> Zn (No3)2 + H2

Here, the elements Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen are unbalanced.

These elements are altogether found in HNO₃ on the reactant side and are found as nitrate and hydrogen gas on the product side.

To balance the equation, the coefficient 2 is to be added in the reactant side so that 2 moles of Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen would be balanced with 2 moles of Nitrate and two moles of Nitrogen.

On adding 2 on reactant side, we get

Zn + 2HNO3 -----------> Zn(NO3)₂ + H₂

This gives us a balanced equation and thus the equation could be balanced this way.

Therefore, coefficient 2 is to be added to make the equation to be balanced.

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Highest lattice energy present in MgF₂.

Ionic compounds having following properties has highest lattice energy.

(i) Ions having small radii

(ii) Compound having high charge

KCl, NaF and LiF all are +1 and -1 charges respectively

But in SrF₂, MgF₂ and CaCl₂  , each cation is dipositive

But size order of cations is:

Mg < Ca< Sr

Thus, Answer is MgF₂.

In chemistry, the lattice energy is the energy exchange upon formation of one mole of a crystalline ionic compound from its constituent ions, which can be assumed to initially be within the gaseous kingdom. It's far a measure of the cohesive forces that bind ionic solids.

Lattice energy may be described because the energy required to transform one mole of an ionic stable into gaseous ionic parts. Alternatively, it may be described as the power that ought to be provided to one mole of an ionic crystal with a purpose to separate it into gaseous ions in a vacuum thru an endothermic system.

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Answer: C.Space

Explanation:

I had this question, so it should be correct.

Yes there will a chemical reaction.

What is chemical reaction ?

Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.

Chemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture, and even life itself. Fuel combustion, iron smelting, glass and pottery making, beer brewing, and wine and cheese making are just a few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes that occur in Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.

Assume the solution A was acid and solution B was a base. When we'll mix both of them with each other, acid base reaction will occur. It'll lead to the formation of salt , which will get precipitated. So in this reaction, same thing happened . Any one of the solution is acid and other one is base. And when we mix them it undergo acid base reaction and formation of salt occurred which is red precipitation.

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