Chemical formulas show the number and type of atoms in the smallest representation of a substance.
In the field of chemistry, a chemical formula can be described as a representation of the different kinds of chemical elements that are present in a chemical reaction. The chemical formula also shows the number of atoms for each of the atoms that will be present in a chemical reaction or a chemical compound.
As chemical formulas only represent the types and no.of atoms, they are known to be the smallest representation that helps us to know what is present in a substance and what is the number of atom ratio of one element compared to another in that substance.
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Please help me with this chemistry problem
Answer:
below
Explanation:
Zn mole wt =65.38 145 / 65.38 =2.2 moles
S mole wt = 32 36/32 = 1.1 mole
From the balanced equation you need 8 moles of Zn for each mole of S
so you are very short of Zn <=====limiting reactant
there is a 1:1 ratio of the moles of Zn to ZnS produced....so you will get 2.2 moles of ZnS (but you will only use .275 mole of the sulfur)
c) You pour a purple potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) with a concentration of
2 mol/L in different volumetric flasks-100 mL/ 250mL/ 500ml - please calculate the
moles involved of each flask.
Answer:
Explanation:.
name the 3 types of nitrogenous wastes, identify which has the highest and which has the lowest nitrogen content and if energy is needed to produce it. underline the one associated to fish.
The three types of nitrogenous wastes are urea, ammonia and uric acid. ammonia is high toxic nitrogen waste and uric acid is least toxic nitrogen waste.
What are nitrogenous wastes?
Nitrogenous wastes are those substances which are produced during protein metabolism process.
Proteins are nitrogen containing substances and when metabolism process occurs the extra amount of nitrogen is released from the body in the form of waste.
In animals all these nitrogenous wastes are discharged from the body in different forms.
However, the most common way of discharging these waste products is feces and urine.
Moreover, the nitrogenous waste associated wit fish is ammonia.
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2.28 explain the concept of effective nuclear charge and how it affects atomic radii and ionization energies.
As the effective nuclear charge of an atom increases the atomic radii decreases and the ionization energy increases.
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an single electron in an multi electron atom. The term “effective” is used because of the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons that prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.
So keeping this concept in mind we can say that as the effective nuclear charge on any atom increases the atomic radii or the size of the atom decreases. This is because as the the effective nuclear charge increases the electrons that are present in the orbit are pulled closer to the nucleus, so if the effective nuclear charge is more then the electrons are pulled more towards the nucleus and therefore the size or rhe atomic radii decreases
Now if we talk about the ionization energies, ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outer most electron from the orbit to form the ion. So if the effective nuclear charge is more for an atom then obviously the size of the atom would be less and because of this it will be difficult to remove the outermost electron as it is strongly attracted towards the nucleus. Hence the ionization energy will be more.
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Aniline, is a weak base with kb of 7. 4 × 10-10. Which indicator would be the most appropriate to titrate an aqueous solution of aniline?.
The most appropriate indicator for titrating aqueous aniline solutions is methyl red with a pH of 5.87.
Aniline (a weak base) when titrated with a strong acid will neutralize at a pH of less than 7.
The reaction will be
B + H⁺ → BH⁺ + Cl⁻
BH+ will hydrolyze as:
BH⁺+ H₂O ⇄ B + H₃O⁺
Ka conjugate acid aniline = 10⁻¹⁴/7.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ = 1.35 x 10⁻⁵
pKa = 4.87
Probable pH at the equivalence point = 4.87 + 1.00 = 5.87
The most appropriate indicator is methyl red with a pH equivalent point of 5–6.
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why does salt dissolve in water while sugar does not (please tell me with ionic and covalent compounds and also about the crystal lattice as well as the polarr! Thankyou!)
Sugar and salt both dissolves in water because both are hydrophilic in nature.
The water molecule is the polar compound. water is the covalent compound but polar in nature that means oxygen is the more electronegative so it contains partial negative and the hydrogen has the partial positive charges. sugar and salt both are hydrophilic in nature means water loving. salt contains ionic bond means molecule have full charges and sugar contain polar bond or polar covalent bond means contains partial charges. salt dissociates in water and forms ion and interact with the partial charges on water. sugar have polar covalent bond and interact with partial charges on the water and dissolve as well.
Thus, Sugar and salt both dissolves in water because both are hydrophilic in nature.
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an automobile gasoline tank holds 43.0 kg of gasoline. when all of the gasoline burns, 153.0 kg of oxygen is consumed, and carbon dioxide and water are produced?
The total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced is 196kg.
Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body. It is also a measure of the body's inertia, the resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied. An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram.
How to calculate the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced?
The reaction is written as follows :
Gasoline + 0₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of products as during a reaction, the overall mass of the system remains constant.
So the total mass of reactants is 43kg + 153kg = 196kg
Since mass reactants is equal to the combined mass of products, therefore, combined mass of carbon dioxide and water produced is 196kg.
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What is the relationship between the mass difference and the difference in
percent solution?
Relationship between the mass difference and the difference in percent solution is the mass percent give the ratio between the mass of a component in a mixture and the total mass of the mixture
Percent by mass is in term of the masses of the solute and the solution and it is ratio of the mass of solute to the total mass of the solution and percent by volume on the other hand is in term of the volume of the solute and the solution and the difference between mass percent and percent composition is that mass percent give ratio between the mass of a component in a mixture and total mass of the mixture
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In 1-2 sentences, WHY do we use density to identify unknown substances?
It enables us to determine which materials will float and which materials will sink when dissolved in a liquid. Density equals mass/volume and does not depend on shape or size, which allows it to be useful in identifying unknown substances.
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an oxygen atom at a particular site within a dna molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the dna backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo
The oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
The frequency expression is given as :
F = ( 1/ 2π ) × √(k/m)
or F² m = k / 4π²
now. if oxygen atom is replaced by the sulfur atom:
(F² m) oxygen = ( F² m) sulfur
F sulfur = F oxygen × √ (m oxygen / m sulfur)
F sulfur = 3.7 × 10¹³ × √ 16 / 32
F sulfur = 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
Thus, An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the DNA backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur atom the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
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The sp3 hybridization has what percent s character and what percent p character?.
The sp3 hybridization has a 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals. Hence, it has a percentage of 25% s and 75% p characters.
What is sp3 hybridization?Sp3 hybridization is the mixing character of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals that create 4 hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics. The sp3 hybridization affects the molecular geometry to the shape of tetrahedral. This shape is created by bonding an atom to 4 other atoms that arrange with a bond angle of 109.5 degrees. Some compounds that have sp3 hybridization are ethane, methane, and diamond. Those compounds have 25% s character and 75% p character.
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what is a property of every mixture
The property of every mixture is right response is D)One substance can be separated from another through physical means.
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are physically merged or mingled without losing their own identities.This indicates that the combination does not alter chemically and can be physically separated (like filtration). It may contain molecules that are solid, liquid, or gaseous.Homogeneous mixtures (having a consistent composition, so that every sample will have the same attribute) and heterogeneous mixtures are the two main categories of mixtures ( non uniform composition that is not every sample will have same property).As a result, D) is a characteristic of every blend.To learn more about mixture visit:
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Describe the properties of common alloys (carbon steel, bronze, brass, and sterling silver) and how their properties are different than their parts.
The properties of common alloys include the following:
High melting pointGood conductors of heat and electricity.Corrosive resistant.What is an Alloy?This is referred to as a type of substance which is composed of two or more elements. It comprises of at least a metal and is of various types which include bronze which is made up of copper and tin and brass which is made up of copper and zinc.
Most alloys are corrosive resistant because they aren't easily oxidized when exposed to aerobic conditions. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity due to their high degree of hardness and toughness which makes them tightly packed together thereby favoring flow of electrons and is the reason why they are different from their parts and is therefore the correct choice.
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a cylinder with a moveable piston contains 92g of nitrogen. the external pressure is constant at 1.00 atm. the initial temperature is 200k. when the temperature is increased by 92 k, by taking it out of the freezer, the volume will increase, according to the ideal gas law. calculate the work for this process.
The work for the compression process is 3719.3 J.
What is ideal gas law ?
The ideal gas is the virtual gas that chemists and students dream of because it would be much simpler if there weren't some kind of intermolecular force that would complicate the simple law of the ideal gas. An ideal gas is essentially a point cloud moving with constant random linear motion. Its behavior is described by the assumptions described in the kinetic molecular theory of gases. This ideal gas definition contrasts with the non-ideal gas definition. This is because this equation describes how gases actually behave. First, let us consider the ideal gas. The ideal gas law is simply a combination of all the simple gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law), and if you learn this law, you've learned them all. . The simple gas law can always be derived from the ideal gas equation.
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During a lab, a tablet i dropped into a bag and liquid i added. The ma of the tablet wa 20 g, the ma of the bag wa 50 g, the ma of the liquid wa 90 g. When the tablet hit the water, a chemical reaction took place and the bag filled with ga. If the ma of the liquid remained at 90 g, how much ga wa produced?
Response: 25 g. According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is maintained throughout a chemical process.
What instances from chemistry?The elements, including such zinc, helium, or oxygen, as well as compounds comprised of components like water, carbon dioxide, or salt, as well as more complicated materials, such as your computer, the air you breathe, rainfall, a chicken, a car, etc., are examples of chemicals.
Why do chemicals form?Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. The molecules that start a chemical reaction are known as reactants, and the molecules that are produced as the result of the process are known as products.
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If 250 ml of methane, ch4, effuses through a small hole in 28 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be.
To find the volume, known grahams law of diffusion.
What is grahams law of diffusion?
The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to its square root of molar mass, according to Graham's Law. The majority of the time, particles in a material that are in a low-concentration area will move to a high-concentration area. When we spray scented air freshener or perfume in one area of the room and then we can smell it throughout the entire space, this process is easily illustrated. The SI unit for the diffusion coefficient is square meters per second (m2/s).
What is Volume ?
The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage.
Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
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What name is given to the process by which radioactive atoms break down and change into a different type of atom?
Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl coa molecules. These acetyl groups _____.
The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl CoA molecules and these acetyl groups directly enter the citric acid cycle.
What is beta oxidation?Beta-oxidation is a four-step process, which keeps repeating until the fatty acid is completely broken down. Steps are dehydrogenation, hydration, oxidation, and thiolysis.
Dehydrogenation is catalyzed by Acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase that coverts FAD to FADH2 for the formation of a double bond between C2 and C3.
Beta oxidation of fatty acids takes place inside mitochondria in which two carbon atoms are removed in the form of acetyl-CoA from acyl-CoA at carboxyl terminal. Then the bond is broken between the second beta carbon and the third gamma carbon, hence it is called beta oxidation.
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if you wanted to produce 4 moles of so3 gas, how many moles of so2 would you need to react? (assume an unlimited supply of o2 gas.) italic 2 italic space s o subscript italic 2 italic space italic (g italic )italic space italic plus italic space o subscript italic 2 italic space italic (g italic )italic space italic rightwards arrow italic 2 italic space s o subscript italic 3 italic space italic (g italic )
If we wanted to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, we needed to react: 4 moles of SO2. This is because SO2 to SO3 coefficient ratio is 2:2.
How many moles of SO2 would we need to react?To determine how many moles we need to react, first, we got to write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) --> 2SO3(g)
The number of coefficients is equal to the ratio of moles. The ratio of SO2: SO3 is 2:2. As we want to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, the amount of SO2 we would need to react will also be 4 moles. Hence, the correct answer is 4 moles of SO2.
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A sample of 9.30 g of solid calcium hydroxide is added to 34.0 mL of 0.410 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Physical states are optional.
0.612 gram of calcium chloride is produced and excess reactant is 9.19 grams.
The balanced chemical equation is -
[tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] + 2HCl -> [tex] CaCl_{2}[/tex] + 2[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O. The reactants on LHS are calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid while products on RHS are calcium chloride and water.
Calculating the product formed from 9.30 gram of calcium hydroxide
Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 111 gram
Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 74 gram
Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = (9.6 × 111) ÷ 74
Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = 14.38 gram
Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = (34.5/1000) × 0.320 × 111 × (1/2)
Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = 0.612 gram
Since hydrochloric acid is the limiting reagent, it complete consumption will stop the process. Hence, after completion of reaction, 0.612 gram of calcium chloride will be formed.
Initial amount of HCl = (34.5/1000) × 0.320
Initial amount of HCl = 0.0110 moles of HCl
Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.0110 × (1/2)
Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.00552 moles
Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 9.60/74.09
Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 0.1296 moles
Excess reactant = (0.1296 - 0.00552) × 74.09
Excess reactant = 9.19 grams.
The reaction will produce 0.612 grams hydrochloric acid and 9.19 grams of excess reactant.
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Given: 27.375 g HNO₃ and 47.0 g Sr(OH)₂ and total volume of 1.2 L
Reaction: 2HNO₃ (aq) + Sr(OH)₂ (aq) ⇒ Sr(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2HOH (l)
Net ionic equation: 2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) ⇒ 2HOH (l)
Find the final concentration of OH⁻ ions.
The final concentration of the hydroxide ions is 0.163 M.
What is the final concentration of OH⁻ ions?We have to obtain the number of moles of each of the reactants. This would help us to be able to obtain the final concentration of the hydroxide ions.
Number of moles of the acid = 27.375 g/63 g/mol
= 0.43 moles
Number of moles of strontium hydroxide = 47.0 g/122 g/mol
= 0.39 moles
It is clear that the hydroxide is the limiting reactant
Number of moles of the hydroxide ion = 0.39 moles/2 = 0.195 moles
Volume of the solution = 1.2 L
Concentration of the solution = Number of moles/ volume
= 0.195 moles/ 1.2 L
= 0.163 M
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a chemistry student prepared lead(ii) iodide from 10.0 g of lead(ii) nitrate and aqueous potassium iodide. part a if the student collected 12.6 g of pbi2 and the theoretical yield is 13.9 g , what is the percent yield?
The percent yield of lead (II) iodide is 90.6 %.
A insoluble lead (II) iodide salt is produced as this is a precipitation reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is given as:
Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → PbI₂ (s) + 2 KNO₃ (aq)
Moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ in the reactant side = 10 × 1/331.2 g = 0.0302 mol
Lead (II) nitrate is the limiting reagent as KI is in excess.
Theoretical yield of PbI₂ = 0.0302 mol × 461.01 g/ 1 mol
= 13.9 g
Actual yield of PbI₂ = 12.6 g
Percent yield of PbI₂ in product side = 12.6 g/13.9 g × 100%
= 90.6%
Hence, the percent yield of lead (II) iodide is 90.6 %.
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Connect It: How does the respiratory system, circulatory system and digestive system all work?
The respiratory system brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The circulatory system moves the blood around the body. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs the nutrients.
What is digestive system?
The gastrointestinal tract and additional digestive organs make up the human digestive system (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Food is broken down during digestion into ever-smaller pieces so that they can be absorbed as well as assimilate by the body. The cephalic phase, the gastric phase, as well as the intestinal phase are the three stages of the digestive process. The cephalic phase of digestion starts with gastric gland secretions in response to the smell and sight of food. In this stage, food is mechanically broken down by chewing and chemically broken down in the mouth by digestive enzymes. The salivary as well as serous glands on the tongue secrete the digestive enzymes lingual lipase and amylase, which are found in saliva.
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In the complete activity series, cobalt is below zinc but above tin. Suppose that you wanted to removecobalt ions from a solution. Would you add a strip of tin or zinc to the solution? Explain your answer. Plsssss help meeeeee
To solve such this we must know the concept of displacement reaction. To remove cobalt ions from a solution, we need strip of zinc as zinc is on top of activity series.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, displacement reaction.
In displacement reaction one metal displace the other metal from its compound. The activity series is Zinc >Cobalt>tin. To remove cobalt from a solution, we need a metal which is more reactive than cobalt, which is zinc.
Therefore, to remove cobalt ions from a solution, we need strip of zinc.
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Combusting an unknown hydrocarbon produces 5 mol co₂ and 6 mol h₂o. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?.
The empirical formula of the given hydrocarbon is CH2 .
What is a combustion reaction?
A fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, undergo a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction that results in oxidized, frequently gaseous products and a mixture known as smoke. Since a flame only appears when substances undergoing combustion evaporate, combustion does not always result in fire, but when it does, a flame is a distinctive sign of the event. The heat from a flame may be enough energy to make the reaction self-sustaining, even though the activation energy must be overcome to initiate combustion (such as when using a lit match to start a fire).
A convoluted series of simple radical reactions frequently occurs during combustion.
The given reaction is ,
CH2(g)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+2H2O(I)
Hence, the empirical formula of the given hydrocarbon is CH2 .
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Rebecca made a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit for a snack. Which kind of mixture was rebecca’s snack?.
Rebecca made a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit for a snack then kind of mixture was rebecca’s snack is heterogenous mixture
A mixture is composed of one or more pure substances in varying composition and a pure substances or a homogenous mixture consist of a single phase and a heterogenous mixture consist of two or more phases and when oil and water are combined and they do not mix evenly and but instead form two separate layer and each of the layer is called a phase and here is a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit that's why it is different fruits are seen so it is the heterogenous mixture
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Predict how oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes. a. 2,3-BPG levels are elevated and o b. 1,3-BPG levels are reduced and c. 2,3-BPG levels are elevated and oxy d. 2,3-BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding ou e 2,3-BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increase levels are elevated and oxygen binding decreases to levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases. PG levels are elevated and oxygen binding increases. and oxygen binding decreases
Oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes is 2,3 - BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases.
Oxygen saturation can be defined as the measure of amount of hemoglobin bound with the oxygen and comparted to the amount of hemoglobin unbounded to the oxygen atom. 2,3 BPG allows the hemoglobin to increase the amount of oxygen. 2,3 bpg is 2.3 Bi phospho glycerate. it increases the supply of oxygen to the tissues by hemoglobin binding.
Thus, Oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes is 2,3 - BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases.
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What is the percent yield of NH3 for the reaction depicted in the following figure? the blue spheres are nitrogen and the white spheres represent hydrogen
The percent yield of NH₃ for the reaction is 75%
Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield
The first thing that you need to do here is to calculate the theoretical yield of the reaction that is if the reaction has 100% yield then
The balanced chemical equation
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
This tell you that every 1 mole of nitrogen gas that takes part in the reaction will consume 3 moles of hydrogen gas and produce 1 mole of ammonia and here that 1 mole of nitrogen gas react with 1 mole of hydrogen gas and since enough hydrogen gas to ensure that all moles of nitrogen gas can react
3 mole H₂ > 1 mole H₂
1 mole H₂×2 mole NH₃/3mole H₂ = 0.667 mole NH₃
So at 100% yield this represent the reaction thereotical yield
Now that reaction produced 0.50 moles of ammonia then this represent the reaction actual yield
In order to find the % yield you have to figure out how many moles of ammonia are actually produced for every 100 moles of ammonia that could theoretically be produced
Then 0.667 moles will produce 0.50 moles so you can say that
100 moles NH₃ in theory ×0.50 moles NH₃ actual/0.667 moles of NH₃ actual = 75 moles of NH₃
Therefore, you can say that the reaction has a percent yield equal to
%yield = 75%
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What type of skin tissue enables movement
A. nerve tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. epithelial tissue
D. connective tissue
Answer: B
Explanation:
''Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts''
choose the correct chemical formulas for the reactants and the products. the (base hydrolysis) reaction of a fluoride ion in water is:
The correct chemical formulas are as follows -
Reactant - [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] (aq) and F(-) (l)
Product - HF (aq) and OH(-) (aq)
The complete chemical reaction is as follows -
[tex] H_{2}O [/tex] + [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] --> HF + [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex].
In this chemically balanced reaction, [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] is water, [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] is fluorine ion, HF is hydrogen fluoride and [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex] is hydroxyl ion. Also mentioned in answer, the abbreviation aq indicates aqueous and l indicates liquid.
In the mentioned reaction, fluoride ion acts as weak Bronsted-Lowry Base. It means that fluorine ion accepts the hydrogen ion, which is evident by the formation of hydrogen fluoride. The hydroxyl ion formed in the reaction imparts basic character.
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