The genetic code has no voids. The genetic code is read three nucleotide at a time.
What examples of genetics are there?Genetics is the study of genes. Our DNA transmits information from one generations to the next. Due to heredity, one child, for example, has blonde hair like her mother, whereas their sibling have dark hair like their father.
Is it genetic or inherited?Genetic problems can either be genetic or not, but there will always a mutational alteration in the genome. Hereditary diseases can be passed from one generation to the next. The main difference between the two ideas is this.
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label the following characteristics as either belonging to centipedes or millipedes, using the following key
Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment. Millipedes have dome-shaped body. Millipedes possess two pairs of legs per segment. Centipede have flattened elongate body. Millipedes are herbivorous or detritivores. Centipedes possess pair of venom claws to capture and kill prey.
What distinguishes a millipede from a centipede?The two sets of legs that each segment of a millipede has are located directly beneath its body. On either side of their bodies, centipedes have one set of legs per segment. After killing insects with their venom, centipedes primarily consume the corpses.
The general public frequently wonders what distinguishes millipedes from centipedes. Each group of myriapods has a single pair of antennae, a long, multi-segmented body, numerous legs, and postantennal organs. While millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment, centipedes only have one pair.
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Use the template to make a concept map on microorganisms. Give the different types with examples.
The concept map on microorganisms along with its types is given in the image attached.
What does a concept map serve as?A idea map is a specific type of online graphic used for information gathering, sharing, and knowledge exploration. The method used to create a concept map is called concept mapping. which presents thoughts, ideas, hypotheses, or questions in a visual manner. Concept maps can display new or existing relationships.
Note that A microorganism, often known as a microbe, is a microscopic organism that can be a single cell or a colony of cells. - an organism that is microscopic, particularly a bacterium.
Therefore, Micro-organisms types includes
Algae.Protozoa.Fungi.Bacteria.Archaea.Viruses.Learn more about microorganisms from
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tom is a football player who gets hit hard from behind along his spine. about a week later, he is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, an infection of the csf carried through the bloodstream. given that the infection was associated with blood, which hypothesis is most likely to have occurred? tom is a football player who gets hit hard from behind along his spine. about a week later, he is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, an infection of the csf carried through the bloodstream. given that the infection was associated with blood, which hypothesis is most likely to have occurred? there was a rupture of blood vessels attached to the arachnoid mater that allowed the bacterial contamination to occur. the infection was spread through the spinal nerves. the dura mater was torn, which allowed extracellular fluid into the spinal cord. the pia matter tore away from the spinal cord, damaging the associated blood vessels, which leaked into the subarachnoid space.
The hypothesis most likely to have occurred would be the infection was spread through the spinal nerves, given that the infection was associated with blood.
So, the correct option is B.
A viral or bacterial infection that enters the cerebral spinal fluid is most frequently to blame for it. Another possible cause of meningitis is a fungus or parasite. A virus is more frequently responsible for causing meningitis, which is typically milder. Typically more serious and capable of producing long-term complications or even death, bacterial meningitis The most effective method of treating CSF shunt infections entails intravenous antimicrobial therapy, surgical removal of the infected shunt, setup of an extraventricular drainage system, and implantation of a new shunt after the CSF has become sterile.
Virus infections typically start in peripheral tissues and can invade the mammalian nervous system, spreading to the peripheral (PNS) and, less frequently, the central nervous system.
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Which of the following statements regarding mutation rates is correct?
A. Mutation rates for all genes of an organism are approximately the same.
B. Mutation rates are independent of exposure to external agents such as UV radiation.
C. Average mutation rates vary among taxonomic groups.
D. Mutation rates are independent of gene size
Average mutation rates vary among taxonomic groups.
The mutation rate is the probability of a mutation occurring during cellular division. The spontaneous mutation rate in bacteria is about one in a billion reproductions. This factor implies that there is at least one mutant in every billion cell population.
The more variable an organism's environment and the lower fitness of the organism in those environments, the more an increased mutation rate would be favored because there is a greater chance per mutation of a beneficial mutation. The rate of population mutation can have a significant impact on average population fitness. For example, as the rate of mutation increases, the average population fitness decreases due to a higher incidence of harmful mutations.
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What part of the nervous system is responsible for coming up with the program that tells the muscles what to do.
Neurons in the spinal cord transmit data from the brain. The neurons that send these signals to the muscles are known as motor neurons.
In what area of the nervous system does information processing take place?Receiving, analyzing, and reacting to sensory data are tasks carried out by the central nervous system. Responses, sensation, movement, emotions, communication, thought processing, and memory are all controlled by the nervous system, which is an organ of the brain.
What area of the neurological system enables you to contract and relax your muscles?Your somatic nervous system is a part of your peripheral nervous system, which is your whole nervous system with the exception of your brain and spinal cord. Your somatic nervous system enables you to move and regulate the muscles in every part of your body.
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Write a poem on topic “tissues” (plant and animal tissues biology)
A poem on topic: plant “tissues” is given below:
Low in the ground,
Laid a gentle soul
strongly supported by tissues
That helps it grow
It says to xylem, without you I am nothing
Phloem does its work
Without praise it knows it worth
Collenchyma Sclerenchyma,
and much more,
I owe thee praise
How do you tell about a plant tissue?Plant tissues are said to be made up of cells that are similar as well as those that are able to carry out some specific function.
Note that together, tissue kinds do act together to form organs. Each organ that is said to be of itself is also one that is used for a particular function.
Lastly, Plant tissue is seen as a group of similar cells that are doing an organized function for the survival of the plant.
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Which of the following is not true about cerebrospinal fluid?a. It acts as a shock absorber for the brain.b .It is a medium for exchange of nutrients and wastes c. It may contain white blood cells d. It acts as neurotransmitter in the brain
Answer:
d. It acts as neurotransmitter in the brain
True or false? lipid-insoluble hormones affect their target cells by binding to receptors inside the cell.
False. Lipid-insoluble hormones bind to cell receptors to have an effect on their target cells.
Lipid-insoluble hormones must connect to receptors on the cell surface and send their signals through signal transduction pathways since they are unable to penetrate the plasma membrane and enter the cell.
How do lipid-insoluble hormones influence cell targets?Through plasma membrane hormone receptors, lipid-insoluble hormones bind to receptors on the plasma membrane's outer surface. Because they cannot enter the cell and interact with DNA directly, lipid insoluble hormones do not directly effect the target cell like steroid hormones do.
Which of the ensuing claims on lipid-soluble hormones is accurate?Lipid-soluble hormones work by influencing how genes are transcribed.
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A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this?.
This is the hyperpolarising graded potential that opens on a postsynaptic membrane and causes a negative ion to enter the cell.
A channel on a postsynaptic membrane opens as a result of the hyperpolarizing graded potential, allowing a negatively charged ion to enter the cell. Graded potentials that are hyperpolarizing can be brought on by either positive ions leaving the cell or negative ions entering the cell. A cell becomes more negative when a positive charge leaves it; the opposite is true when a negative charge enters the cell.
The features of graded potentials, which are transient changes in membrane voltage, depend on the magnitude of the stimulus. Some stimuli depolarize the membrane, while others cause it to become hyperpolarized. It depends on the particular ion channels the cell membrane's activation.
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A known carcinogen, _____, is produced when carbohydrate-rich foods are fried at high temperatures for extended periods of time. Examples include french fries and potato chips.
Answer:
acrylamide (?)
Explanation:
"The carcinogen, acrylamide, is formed when carbohydrate-rich foods are exposed to high-temperature cooking such as deep frying,"
It would make sense in the context of french fries, I know the explanation is short but I hope it's helpful!
The graph on the right is the blood oxygen graph. Using that and your knowledge of cellular respiration and the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, what can you say about the rate of carbon dioxide production when you exercise?(did it increase or decrease? Did it stay the same? Did it change quickly? Did it change very slowly?)why do you think this happens?
The pace at which carbon dioxide is produced due to the process of cellular respiration, when you exercise.
The definition of cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce waste materials like carbon dioxide and water as well as the energy in the form of ATP molecules that the cell needs to function.
We are aware that each cell needs energy to function and that each cell is the basic building block of all life. Respiration occurs at the cellular level, which is the lowest level of our body. The opposite of photosynthesis is respiration. Food is made during photosynthesis when water and carbon dioxide are combined with light.
Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that exercise causes a rise in carbon dioxide generation due to the process of cellular respiration.
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What part of the cell cycle result in the splitting of the new cells?( it’s not mitosis btw)
During cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm), the splitting of the new daughter cells takes place. It occurs after karyokinesis, which results into equal division of nuclear material.
What is Cell division?
Cell division is the process of formation of new cells which are also called as daughter cells from the parent cell. It is a part of the cell cycle.
During cell division, two daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell. Cell division is of two types: Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis results into formation of daughter cells which are exactly similar to the parent cells. Meiosis is the cell division which occurs in gamete cells and produce cells which contain half of the original genetic material and are different from the parent cell due to recombination of chromosomes.
During cell division, two processes occur which are karyokinesis and cytokinesis. Karyokinesis is the division of nucleus and cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm which results into formation of daughter cells.
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In dna replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as blank______ for the synthesis of new dna strands.
The strands on the original DNA molecule serve as templates for the creation of new DNA strands during DNA replication.
What is DNA templates?Because it includes the instructions a cell needs to survive, the genetic code is commonly referred to as a "blueprint." However, we now understand that these instructions are more complex than just the arrangement of the letters in the nucleotide code. For instance, copious evidence suggests that this code serves as the blueprint for the synthesis of numerous substances, including RNA and protein.
Additionally, studies have demonstrated that transcription and translation take place in order to "read" the DNA instructions that are stored there. A single-stranded RNA molecule is created during transcription from a piece of the double-stranded DNA template. In some instances, the RNA molecule is a "finished product" that performs a crucial task for the cell.
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Explain how the light-dependent and light-independent reactions work together to create the overall photosynthesis reaction
you explore throughout the experiments.
Energy is transformed into light energy by the light-dependent processes. so as to make ATP and NADPH, the light-dependent processes of photosynthesis must first receive energy from the sun. Then, these two molecules that store energy are employed within the light-independent processes.
The light-independent processes employ the energy that the light-dependent reactions have captured to create high energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water. The light-dependent reactions capture the energy of sunlight in chemical form.
What about photosynthesis?The process through which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is understood as photosynthesis.The dazzling things of nature that fall under this category are green plants.They complete a cycle of photosynthesis by ingesting CO2 and converting it into carbohydrates (energy storage molecule).The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use.This mechanism primarily provides energy to the planet's life systems.By the norms of human engineering, it's not especially effective, but it gets the work done.Water and CO2 are changed into oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis.The plant consumes glucose and produces oxygen as a byproduct.Temperature, CO2 content, and lightweight intensity are the three variables that might slow down photosynthesis.Chloroplasts, which house the chlorophyll in plants, are where photosynthesis occurs.The thylakoid membrane, a third inner membrane that creates lengthy folds inside the chloroplast and is bordered by a double membrane is present inside chloroplasts.Learn more about photosynthesis here:
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A ______ is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
The steroid hormones synthesized within the adrenal cortex, the gonads, and the placenta are all derived from LDL cholesterol and plenty are of clinical importance.
Steroid hormones are derived from LDL cholesterol and consequently can readily diffuse via the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane to attain the intracellular receptor (determine 2).
All lessons of steroid hormones, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones, are derivatives of LDL cholesterol. Synthesis occurs within the placenta and ovaries (estrogens and progestins), testes (testosterone), and adrenal cortex cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
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what are the 6 steps to the sympathetic pathways
The preganglionic neurons, sympathetic ganglia, and postganglionic neurons are the sympathetic pathways.
What are the steps of the sympathetic pathway?Sympathetic pathways start with neurons in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the vertebral column. Efferent sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the ventral roots to make synaptic connections with neurons in sympathetic ganglia present in the abdomen region.
The sympathetic pathway is divided into three components i.e. the preganglionic neurons, sympathetic ganglia, and postganglionic neurons. The main functions of the sympathetic nervous system are to dilate blood arteries, increase blood pressure, and secrete sweat, and more oxygen exchange which helps the body to prepare for emergencies.
So we can conclude that sympathetic pathways are the preganglionic neurons, sympathetic ganglia, and postganglionic neurons.
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Fishing the food is the fishing practice of first removing the largest fish, the apex predators, and then when those are gone, targeting the next largest fish, and so on.
Fishing for food involves removing the largest fish first, then apex predators after those are gone, then the next largest fish, and so on.
Are fish or other marine organisms that weren't intended fishing targets being removed?Bycatch is the unintentional capture of non-target species like dolphins, seabirds, and marine turtles wherever there is fishing. Each day, tens of thousands of miles of nets and lines are deployed in the oceans.
What is the name of the waste that kills and sickens marine life?Marine pollution occurs when human-made substances, such as waste from industry, agriculture, and residences, too much carbon dioxide, or invasive organisms, enter the ocean and have a negative impact.
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The host cell is LEAST likely to contribute which of the following enzymes or
enzymatic complex3s to the retroviral life cycle?
A. Ribosomes
B. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
D. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Option C. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase is the right answer.
Retroviruses contain RNA as their genetic material rather than DNA. Inside the host cell, they always go through reverse transcription. For this, they need a key enzyme called reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. This enzyme is not present in host cells. For the host cell's DNA replication, which employs DNA as a template strand, enzymes like DNA-dependent DNA polymerase are required. Additionally, transcription requires the other enzyme RNA polymerase, which is dependent on DNA. In order to produce the final expression of genes as proteins, translation is ultimately carried out within the ribosomal protein complex. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the host will provide a significant amount of the enzymes required for cellular activities in the host cells. The host will then supply the least amount of enzyme to retroviruses that are not related to their main dogma. The virus itself must therefore contain this enzyme since it uses RNA as a template strand to create DNA at first. Later, this DNA is translated and transcribed in order to create the essential viral proteins.
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The results of the hershey and chase experiments suggested that dna was the genetic material because.
The outcomes of the Hershey and chase experiments recommended that DNA turned into genetic material because radioactive bacteriophage DNA turned into observed inside the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.
Resultant radioactive and non-radioactive bacteria infer that the viruses that had radioactive DNA transferred their DNA to the bacteria but viruses that had radioactive protein didn't get transferred to the bacteria. Hence, DNA is the genetic material and not the protein.
Hershey and Chase concluded that protein was not genetic material, and that DNA was the genetic material. Unlike Avery's experiments on bacterial transformations, the Hershey-Chase experiments were more widely and immediately accepted among scientists.
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Compare the 3 types of worms: flatworms, roundworms, and segmented worms. How are they all similar?
Answer:
They all have long, narrow bodies without legs. All worms also have tissues, organs, and organ systems
9. Complete the table about the effects of digestive enzymes.
The correct match of the digestive enzymes with their active sites of secretion and effect on food is explained.
Digestive enzymes are the bio catalyst that helps to break down complex molecules into simpler ones, so that they can be assimilated by the body metabolism easily. The match is in the order of active sites - enzymes - effect on food.
1. Small intestine (released from pancreas)
Trypsin - Breaks down dipeptides into smaller polypeptides and dipeptides.Lipase - Breaks down fatsPancreatic amylase - continues the breakdown of starch2. Small intestine
Maltase, sucrose, lactase - convert disaccharides into monosaccharides Peptidase - breaks down dipeptides into amino acids3. Stomach
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To refer to complete question table, see below:
Complete the table about the effects of digestive enzymes.
Active Sites -
Small intestine (released from pancreas)Small intestineEnzyme
PepsinTrypsinLipasePancreatic amylasePeptidaseMaltase, sucrose, lactaseEffect on Food
Breaks down proteins into smaller proteinsconvert disaccharides into monosaccharides Continues the breakdown of starchBreaks down dipeptides into smaller polypeptides and dipeptides.Break down fatBreaks down dipeptides into amino acids
which of the following are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication? multiple select question. both are semiconservative both happen from the 5' to 3' direction both have several origins of replication both result in 2 copies from one parent molecule both involve dna polymerase
Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication both involve dna polymerase .
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication processes occur before nuclear division. The DNA involved in both processes are double-stranded. The replication occurs in 5' to 3' direction. The single-strand binding proteins stabilizes the unwound DNA.
Major difference found between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication is that prokaryotic DNA replication occurs through a single origin of replication whereas eukaryotic DNA replication occurs through multiple replication origins .
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In a lewis structure involving bromine and chlorine, if a central bromine atom has two lone pairs, how many chlorine atoms must be present?.
The number of Chlorine atoms present will be 3.
Lewis structure may be defined as the representation of molecule in which all the electrons of the valence shell of atoms within the molecule are shown with the help of a diagram. The bonds between the atoms of the molecule are shown by a solid dashed line and the valence shell electrons are shown by solid black dots. Both Bromine and Chlorine have seven valence shell electrons in their Lewis structure. Now, if central bromine atom has two lone pair of electrons that means four of electrons are occupied out of the seven that means three valence shell electrons are left which will make covalent bonds with the three chlorine atoms out of the seven valence shell electrons of chlorine.
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select all of the agents that will kill a microbial pathogen or completely inactivate its ability to cause disease.
a. bacteristat
b. fungistat
c. virucide
d. germicide
e. sporicide
Virucide, germicide, and sporicide are the agents that kill the microbial pathogen and cause disease.
What are microbial pathogens?An organism that causes illness is referred to as a pathogen.
Microbes inhabit your body on a daily basis. The only time these microorganisms become an issue, though, is when your immune system is compromised or when they get into an area of your body that is typically sterile.
Different pathogens have the ability to weak once they enter the body.
A host is all that a pathogen requires to live and grow. Once the virus has established a base in the host's body, it avoids the host's immune reactions and makes use of the body's resources to reproduce before leaving and moving on to a new victim.
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In dna replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as blank______ for the synthesis of new dna strands.
The DNA strands on the original molecule serve as a template for the creation of new DNA strands during DNA replication.
What name should be given to the original DNA strands during the replication process?In both instances, replication happens so quickly because multiple polymerases may create two new strands of DNA at once using a template made from each unwound strand of the original DNA double helix. These two initial strands are known as the leading strand and the lagging strand, respectively.
What elements are required to create a fresh strand of DNA?DNA synthesis must start with an RNA primer. It's a fresh thread. To start synthesizing their DNA, they require an RNA primer.
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This animal has a pseudocoelom, a cuticle and longitudinal muscles but not circular muscles. Based on that information, you would conclude that it is.. *) an annelid *) a nematode *) a slug *) an annelid or a nematode, depending whether it has a complete digestive tract or not *) a flatworm
Based on the information, we would conclude A nematode.
What is called pseudocoelom ?
The term "pseudocoelom" (sometimes called "paracoelom") refers to the hollow filled with fluid that is situated between the external wall and the digestive system. Both mesentaries and peritoneum are absent from it. It appears that the pseudocoelom is a persistent blastocoel.The several body forms found in triploblastic animals. The pseudocoelom is a persistent blastocoel that does not attach to the body wall or the stomach. Similar to the pseudocoelom, the acoelom has a hollow filled with parenchyma. The Eucoelom (coelomate condition) has a body cavity that develops secondarily during development, along with mesenteries that connect all of the organs in the coelom and an internal cell layer known as the peritoneum.Learn more about Pseudocoelom refer :
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You are a molecule of phosphorus. Choose a starting point in the phosphorus cycle and describe the process you would go through to move through the entire cycle
Phosphorus is introduced into the ecosystem in the form of inorganic fertilizers or by detergents.
What is the biogeochemical cycles?The biogeochemical cycles has been refers to the cycles in nature that involves the movement of materials such as nutrients. Phosphorus has been introduced into the ecosystem in the form of inorganic fertilizers or by the detergents. These are taken up by plants and some may go off into the lakes by run off water.
When materials that has been contain phosphorus is burnt in air, some of the phosphorus may become oxidized as ash and these are taken up by plants and some may go off into the lakes by run off water.
Therefore, Phosphorus is introduced into the ecosystem in the form of inorganic fertilizers or by detergents.
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How does the probability of an earthquake occurring evolve with time, in between two different earthquakes?.
The factors that determine the likelihood of an earthquake are history, strain accumulation, and the rate at which strain accumulates in a rock.
An earthquake occurs when two blocks of earth suddenly slip past each other. The fault or fault plane is the surface where they slip. Earthquakes are caused by sudden movement along fault lines within the Earth. The movement releases accumulated 'elastic strain' energy in the form of seismic waves, which travel through the Earth and cause the ground to shake.
Within the next 30 years, there is a 60% chance of an earthquake measuring magnitude 6.7, a 46% chance of an earthquake measuring magnitude 7, and a 31% chance of an earthquake measuring magnitude 7.5. A transform boundary causes a fault between two lithosphere plates, which slide past one another. This motion neither creates nor destroys crust and will result in earthquakes but no volcanoes.
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nondisjunction occurs when group of answer choices members of a chromosome pair fail to separate. an entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis i. a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost. chromosomes replicate too many times. two chromosomes fuse into one.
Nondisjunction occurs when members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.
In the field of biology, nondisjunction can be described as a disorder in which the homologous chromosomes do not separate from each other during the cell division process.
As a result of nondisjunction, one of the daughter cells will have both pairs of chromosomes. This means that it will have an extra chromosome. On the other hand, the other daughter cell will not have any of the homologous chromosomes hence decreasing the number of entire chromosomes in the cell.
The process of nondisjunction can lead to severe diseases and syndromes in the newborn child.
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Whales and elephants have many more cells than humans, yet get much much less cancer than we do. What is one reason this happens?.
Whales and elephants have 40 copies of the TP53 gene, which suppresses tumor cells before they can grow and spread. By comparison, humans and most other animals have only two copies
What is cancer ?A condition known as cancer occurs when some body cells grow out of control and spread to other body regions. Since the human body contains trillions of cells, cancer can develop almost anywhere.
Organs, blood vessels, and nerves nearby may become infiltrated by a cancer or may start to swell. Some of the symptoms and signs of cancer are brought on by this pressure. Symptoms like a fever, exhaustion, and weight loss can also be signs of cancer. This might be the case because cancer cells consume a significant amount of the body's energy.It turns out that the tumor-suppressing gene in these massive pachyderms enables their bodies to prevent the development of cancer. This gene also exists in humans. Elephants, on the other hand, can have up to 20 copies of it, whereas humans only have one.Learn more about Cancer here:
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