does light need matter to travel

Ringer's solution has a salt concentration exactly equal to body and cellular fluids in order to provide isotonicity to the living cells.

Ringer's solution is a mixture of several salts dissolved in water to produce an isotonic solution similar to an animal's bodily fluids. Typically, Ringer's solution includes sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride, with the last two being used to balance the pH.

For bacteria, ringer solution keeps the osmotic equilibrium in check. It is used to prepare samples and other biological stuff for suspension in dilution techniques for counting. Additionally, it is utilized in the rinse arnd swab method of microbiological management of equipment.

Hence, Ringer's solution is the most preferred solution to provide isotonicity.

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Answer:

Explanation:

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The unknow carnivorous plant discovered in the cave is lack of chloroplast at the cellular level to survive by using carnivory.

Carnivorous plants, often known as insectivorous plants, are any plants that have evolved unique pitfalls and traps for the purpose of trapping and digesting insects and other animals. Across multiple families and orders, carnivory in plants has independently evolved roughly six times. The more than 600 species of known carnivorous plants are a tremendously diverse group with, in some cases, only their carnivorous behavior in common.

The most peculiar adaptations of any plant species to low-nutrient settings are those of carnivorous ones. These plants capture and consume numerous invertebrates, and sporadically even small frogs and animals, in order to gain some nutrition. Some people refer to carnivorous plants as being "insectivorous" since one of their most popular prey items is insects.

It is not unexpected that bogs and fens, where nutrient concentrations are low yet water and sunlight are abundant during specific seasons, are the most prevalent habitat for these plants. One bog has had up to thirteen different species of carnivorous plants (Folkerts, 1982). Through their roots, the majority of plants take up nitrogen from the soil. However, plants that feed on animals use leaves that have been particularly adapted to act as traps to capture the nitrogen from their prey.

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There are two pathways that can be activated by the coagulation process. One pathway begins when factor xii is activated. the other pathway begins when there is trauma to a blood vessel. These pathways are called Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are two prominent pathways of apoptosis or blood coagulation.

The extrinsic pathway affects the health of a person in a certain way and also has a significant impact on decision-making.

Extrinsic pathway consists of plasma factors called FVII or FVIIa which are present around blood vessels in adventitial cells and began the process of blood clotting.

On the other hand, several plasma protein factors called  IX, XI, and XII are present along with kininogen that initiates the blood coagulation process when a blood vessel gets injured.

In general, the overall process involved in these pathways is particularly responsible for the coagulation of blood.

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Answer:

Briefly, the Institute carries out considerable research in tropical and infectious diseases and runs postgraduate programs that have been initiated according to its previous strategic plan. Currently, ALIPB has PhD and MSc students under the Tropical and Infectious Diseases programs.

Explanation:

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Answer:

Explanation:

One

The heart is like a functioning pump. It moves the blood around the body.

The red blood cells carry oxygen which is delivered to the vital organs of the body. Muscles need oxygen to function properly.

The lungs are like a giant sieve. They separate the oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Two

One of the things the body does is increase your heart rate while exercising. That means that the body receives more oxygen from the seive action of the lungs. In other words, your heart rate increases and red cell blood flow consequently increases.

Three

Interesting application. The heart rate will have to increase to get the same amount of oxygen as the heart rate would be at lower altitutes. There is less oxygen in the thin air in Denver Colorado than say Los Angeles California.

The way in which selective breeding be used to reduce deforestation are by creating trees that grow more quickly capable of enhancing the performance of this trait.

The expression selective breeding makes reference to a technique used in genetics based on crossing plants or animals with desired phenotypic features in order to obtain offspring with these traits, which are enhanced over generations.

Therefore, we can conclude that selective breeding is a technique that can be used to obtain desired offspring having certain phenotypic features when compared to other members of a population.

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The main function of oxygen in cellular respiration is to serve as an acceptor for hydrogen and electrons to produce water.

The electron is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one elementary charge less than positive. It is represented by the symbol eor. Given that they have no known components or substructure and are a member of the first generation of lepton particles, electrons are typically regarded as elementary particles. Approximately 1/1836th of a proton's mass is that of an electron. An intrinsic half-integer value angular momentum (spin) with units of the decreased Planck constant,, is one of the electron's quantum mechanical properties. The Pauli exclusion principle states that since electrons are fermions, they can never share the same quantum state. Electrons, like all elementary particles, have the ability to interact with other particles and behave like waves when they are diffracted, similar to how light does.

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The Cyanocytta crystal commonly known as a Blue jay is native of eastern North America, it lives in deciduous and coniferous forests, though can be found in certain urban areas. It feeds mostly on seeds, sometimes even stockpile generating seed banks, or on rare occasions can feed on small invertebrates and vertebrates si can be considered as mainly a primary consumer.

The rank the five levels of structural features of DNA from the start at the top with the most complex (or largest), and end at the bottom with the least complex (or smallest) are in order of B, E, D, C and A

Two lengthy polynucleotide chains made up of four different kinds of nucleotide subunits make up a DNA molecule. The term "DNA chain" or "DNA strand" refers to each of these chains. The two chains are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases of the nucleotides.

Note that ach DNA strand is a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide-like building blocks. A sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base make up a nucleotide. Deoxyribose is the name of the sugar found in DNA's nucleotides.

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See options below

Rank the five levels of structural features of DNA from the most complex at the top to the least complex at the bottom

a. Nucleotide

b. Genome

c. DNA strand

d. Double helix

e. Chromosome

DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and other organisms. Four chemical bases are : adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine.

The information in the DNA is stored as a code that is build of four chemical bases: adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases. The sequence bases gives the information available for building an organism. DNA bases pair up with each other like, A with T and C with G. They form base pairs. Each base is linked to a sugar and a phosphate molecule. A base, sugar, and phosphate combined together are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two strands in the spiral form called double helix

The complete set of information in DNA of an organism is called genome. It carries the information for all the proteins the organism will synthesize.

One of the key property of DNA is that it can replicate.  

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Model B would be better for nutrient exchange because it has a larger ratio of surface area to volume. This measure allows a larger area of contact with the extracellular space, and therefore a more efficient nutrient exchange mechanism relative to total cell volume.

This is known as transcription. During the transcription process, mRNA is created from a DNA template.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA that plays a role in protein synthesis. mRNA is created from a DNA template during the transcription process. mRNA transports protein information from a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm (watery interior), where protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into the corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.

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Answer:

The xylem is a tissue which transports water and minerals from the roots up the plant stem and into the leaves. Xylem consists of dead cells. The cells that make up the xylem are adapted to their function: They lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube.

It is possible that Paul and Emily's daughter has blue eyes because the genotype of their daughter is Bb*Bb.

Brown eyes are caused by the dominant gene B. Therefore, both parents must pass on the recessive allele for the progeny to have blue eyes. This indicates that parents with brown eyes must be heterozygous.

The couple's genotype is Bb x Bb since only this combination can result in kids with a 25% chance of carrying the bb gene, which causes blue eyes.

An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components. The alleles or variations that an individual carries in a specific gene or genetic region are also referred to as the genotype.

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Even when a muscle is at rest, it still has some degree of tension, This small amount of tension produces is known as muscle tone.

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Knowing that momentum is the product of an object's mass by its velocity (M = m*v), and having data about two of the terms, we can calculate any of these values by clearing the equation. In this case, V = 1644m/s (This is the speed).

When talking about Momentum, we are referring to the motion of an object. We can calculate it in a single object, or in a system.

The momentum (M) of a single object can be defined as the product between the object's mass (m) and its velocity (v). This is, M = m * v.

The moment of a system can be calculated by adding the moments of each of the objects. This is, Mt = M1 + M2 + M3 + M4 + M5....+Mn.

In the exposed example, we have the value of momentum (8,220 kgm / s) and the object's mass (horse's mass = 500kg). So we just need to replace the terms with the provided data and clear the equation to get the speed or velocity, v.

Knowing that,

M = m*v

8,220 kgm/s = 500 kg * v

(8,220 kg m/s) / (500 kg)= v

16.44 m/s = v

The velocity equals v = 1644m/s.

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During intense, all-out exertion, there is a point known as the lactate threshold at which lactate accumulates in the bloodstream more quickly than the body can eliminate it.

A level of effort or work at which more lactate is generated in cells than can be used. Anaerobic glycolysis, which takes place in anoxic settings, is the only process that can make up the deficit. You can raise your lactate threshold by running intervals. Interval training involves frequently exceeding your lactate threshold while jogging a predetermined distance at your highest speed, followed by a recovery pause.

For instance, you might decide to sprint 400 metres around a track. Once your run has lasted ten minutes, check your heart rate. Run on for another 30 minutes, then stop and take your heart rate. To calculate the average, add your heart rate at 10 minutes and at 30 minutes, then divide by 2. This is a rough estimation of your heart rate at lactate threshold.

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It takes a long time to achieve long-term goals because they cannot be accomplished right away.

Those things you want to accomplish in the future are called long-term goals. These objectives necessitate extensive preparation and meticulous planning. Throughout the timeline, they frequently consist of multiple smaller or short-term goals. Although the measure of long-term goals is relative, achieving them frequently takes several years. Our health, our career, our education, and our relationship are all examples of long-term objectives.

A goal that is specific, measurable, doable, realistic, and has a time frame is the best example of a long-term goal. A good long-term goal, for instance, might be to learn a new language within two years or lose 50 kilograms in the next three years. In the end, each person has their own individual long-term goals.

(complete question)

Long-term goals cannot be accomplished immediately. please select the best answer from the choices provided

a. True

b. False

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Prokaryotic cells vary in cell wall composition.  The correct option is D.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ from one another in a number of significant ways. These distinctions include structural variance, such as whether a nucleus is present or missing, and molecular variation, such as whether the DNA is in a circular or linear shape.

The nuclear membrane is absent. Lysosomes, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria are not present. One chromosome contains all of the genetic material. They are deficient in the histone proteins, which are crucial parts of eukaryotic chromosomes. An exterior layer called a plasma membrane divides the interior of a cell from its surroundings.

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True, decomposers utilize and recycle the lost energy in an ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms at any trophic level and their wastes.

Decomposers are essential to an ecosystem's ability to transfer energy. They disassemble decomposing organisms into more straightforward inorganic components, releasing nutrients for use by primary producers.

Biomass is cycled back into the food chain by decomposers who transform it into carbon dioxide and nutrients. This process results in the release of heat as energy.

In aquatic habitats, the matter is recycled back to the water while in terrestrial situations, decomposers return nutrients from a dead plant or animal waste to the soil.

Decomposers convert decaying and dead animals into minerals. These minerals combine with the soil and are subsequently utilized by plants.

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Answer:

Two thin blankets usually warmer than one thick blanket because air is trapped between them.

Answer:here are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.

Glycolysis is the initial breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, a three carbon structure, in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then moves into the mitochondrial matrix where a transition step called pyruvate oxidation takes place. In this process, pyruvate dehydrogenase converts the three-carbon pyruvate to the two-carbon acetyl-CoA. The TCA cycle begins when acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon oxaloacetate in order to form the six-carbon citrate. Because each molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules, it takes two turns through the Krebs cycle to completely break down the original glucose.

Finally, the electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions powered by high energy electrons that pumps protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. Together, an electrochemical gradient is created. At the end of the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor, O2, combines with protons to produce water (H2O). Meanwhile, ATP synthase uses the movement of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis.

Explanation:

We conclude that the genotype of the parental plants by using the information provided by the image is homozygous dominant (plant 1) and plant 2 is homozygous recessive, it is for that reason that all offspring are heterozygous.

The Punnett square is a diagram used in genetics in order to determine the genotypes of the offspring and also in this case to infer the genotypes of parental lines when information is missing.

The only way in which all progeny of a genetic cross is heterozygous is when the parental genotypes are homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant, thereby all offspring genotypes will be 100 percent Ww because there is one type of gamete by parent.

Therefore, with this information, we can conclude that the Punett square results can be used to determine the genotype of the parental lines, being in this case all heterozygous because parents are homozygous.

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If the two characteristics that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located close together on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. The correct answer is option(d).

The F2 generation's phenotype would have differed from the expected 9:3:3:1 pattern if two genes were linked together on the same chromosome. Two genes are considered to be related if their loci are near to one another on the same chromosome. Genes that are connected recombinant more frequently than unlinked genes.

Two F1 people were crossed to produce the F2 generation (from the F1 generation). A 3:1 ratio was observed as a result of Gregor Mendel's tests across three generations (i.e. for every three purple-flower-bearing plants there would be one white-flower-bearing plant).

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The complete question is:

If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located near each other on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation __________.

a.Would have contained four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio

b.Would have contained only individuals that were heterozygous at both loci.

c.Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

d.Would have contained no individuals that were heterozygous at both loci

ITS B ITS B ITS B ITS B ITS B

Answer:1. Describe the type of fracture sustained by Julie's opponent. What types of frac- tures could Julie have suffered? What other type of injuries could she have ...

Explanation:

HI :)

The true statement is that archaea is more closely related to bacteria than to eukaryotes (option B).

Domain is the highest rank in the classification of organisms, above kingdom; in the three-domain system.

The domains of living organisms include one of the taxa;

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic meaning that they do not possess membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.

On the other hand, eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles such as chloroplast, mitochondria etc.

Therefore, it can be said that archae and bacteria are similar being prokaryotic.

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Answer: Hope this helps!

Explanation:

The main human body systems consist of:

Brain and Nervous System

Heart and Circulatory System

Lungs and Respiratory System

Digestive System

Reproductive System

Immune System

Skeletal Structure

Muscular System

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