Each year, Sunshine Motos surveys 7,500 former and prospective customers regarding satisfaction and brand awareness. For the current year, the company is considering outsourcing the survey to Global Associates, who have offered to conduct the survey and summarize results for $30,300.Craig Sunshine, the president of Sunshine Motors, believes that Global will do a higher-quality job than his company has been doing, but is unwilling to spend more than $10,000 above the current costs. The head of bookkeeping for Sunshine has prepared the following summary of costs related to the survey in the prior year.


Mailing $16,600
Printing (done by Lester Print Shop) $4,500
Salary of Pat Fisher, part-time employee who stuffed envelopes and summarized data when surveys were returned (100 hours X $15) $1,500
Share of depreciation of computer and software used to track survey responses and summarized results. $1,100
Share of electricity/phone/etc. based on square feet of space occupied by Pat Fisher vs. entire company. $500

Required:
What is the incremental cost of going outside versus conducting the survey as in the past?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

incremental cost analysis

                            survey is done      outsource survey     differential

                            by the company    to Global                   amount

Mailing costs       $16,600                 $0                              ($16,600)

Printing costs      $4,500                  $0                              ($4,500)

Labor costs         $1,500                   $0                              ($1,500)

Outsourcing         $0                         $30,300                    $30,300

costs                                                                                                    

totals                    $22,600                $30,300                   $7,700

The incremental cost of outsourcing the surveys is $7,700. Some of the current costs are unavoidable, e.g. depreciation expense and utilities, so they should not be considered in this analysis. But other costs, e.g. direct labor, are avoidable.

I know that Pat using the computer will increase the company's electric bill by a few dollars, but it would never be $500 (maybe $5). Maybe he even calls a few customers to check some answers, but again this might add $10 to the phone bill. Also, Pat using the computer's mouse or any other equipment might result in it breaking down, but that is not worth $1,500. Since the cost analysis is not specific, it is safer not to include depreciation or utilities.


Related Questions

A few years ago the British government was considering​ retiring, or buying back from​ investors, some outstanding consols that had annual coupons of . A consol​ is: A. a coupon bond that pays a variable coupon and has a fixed maturity date. B. a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and does not mature. C. a coupon bond that pays a variable coupon rate and does not mature. D. a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and has a fixed maturity date. If the yield to maturity on other​ long-term British government bonds was ​%, the price the British government is likely to offer investors is ​£ nothing. ​(Enter your response to a nearest​ dollar.)

Answers

Answer:

a coupon bond that pays a fixed coupon rate and does not mature

Explanation:

Yeats Corporation's sales in Year 1 were $396,000 and in Year 2 were $380,000.Using Year 1 as the base year,the percent change for Year 2 compared to the base year is:_________.A) −104%B) 100%C) −4.0D) 96%E) 4.2%

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is C) −4.0%.

Explanation:

Since Year 1 is said to be used as the base year, the percentage change can bee calculated using the following formula:

Percent change = ((Sales in Year 2 - Sales in Year 1) / Sales in Year 1) * 100 ........... (1)

Where;

Sales in Year 1 = $396,000

Sales in Year 2 = $380,000

Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:

Percent change = (($380,000 - $396,000) / $396,000) * 100

Percent change = (−$16,000 / $396,000) * 100

Percent change = −0.0404040404040404 * 100

Percent change = −4.04040404040404%

Approximating to one decimal place, we have:

Percent change = −4.0%

Therefore, the percent change for Year 2 compared to the base year is -4.0% and the correct option is C) −4.0%.

_______________________ are numerically small, but well organized groups that are able to exert a disproportionate effect on political outcomes.

a. Bipartisan reform organizations
b. Special interest groups
c. Social scientists organizations
d. Bipartisan campaign reformers

Answers

Answer:

b. Special interest groups

Explanation:

Indeed, these special interest groups often use several approaches to make certain political outcomes like lobbying, running online petition signing, etc.

For example, the black lives matter group is an example of a special interest group because they were able to exert political influence to change police tactics throughout the United States.

What is HKDL’s biggest challenge in keeping employees motivated?

Answers

Answer:

before u uguihv t

Explanation:

hhgj it u 7uutui

On January 1, 20X8, Blake Company acquired all of Frost Corporation's voting shares for $280,000 cash. On December 31, 20X9, Frost owed Blake $5,000 for services provided during the year. When consolidated financial statements are prepared for 20X9, which entry is needed to eliminate intercompany receivables and payables in the consolidation worksheet?
A) Accounts Payable 5,000
Accounts Receivable 5,000
B) Accounts Receivable 5,000
Accounts Payable 5,000
C) Retained Earnings 5,000

Answers

Answer:

A) Accounts Payable 5,000 ; Accounts Receivable 5,000

Explanation:

The amount owed as accounts payable (i.e liabilities) would be reduced with the amount of account receivables(assets) i.e. the assets would decrease giving a credit and liabilities would decrease giving a debit.  

QUESTION 15
Which grouping represents all non profit organizations?
United Way, Red Cross NAACP
Caesars, Bally, Borgota and Boys & Girls Clubs
Nike, Nordstrom, Kohls and Kelloggs
Feed America, Dress for Success, American Civil Liberties Union and McDonalds

Answers

Answer:

United Way, Red Cross, NAACP

Explanation:

A nonprofit organization is an organization that aims to bring collective, public, or social benefits, unlike a business that aims to earn a profit for its owners. Examples of nonprofit organizations are United Way, Red Cross, and NAACP.

United Way is a nonprofit organization based in Virginia that works with almost 1,200 offices throughout the US in a coalition of charitable organizations to pool efforts in fundraising and support.

The Red Cross is a nonprofit organization that was founded to protect human life and health, ensure respect for all human beings, and prevent and alleviate human suffering.

NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is a nonprofit civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 to fight for justice for African Americans.

You are considering opening a new plant.
• The plant will cost $100 million upfront. After that, it is expected to
produce profits of $30 million at the end of every year. The cash
flows are expected to last forever.
1. Calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity if your cost of
capital is 8%. Should you make the investment?
2. Calculate the IRR and use it to determine the maximum deviation
allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision
unchanged.

Answers

Answer:

1. $275 million

Yes

2. 30%

Explanation:

Calculation for the NPV of the investment opportunity

NPV = –100 + 30/0.08

NPV= $275 million

Therefore the NPV will be $275 million

Yes, Based on the above Calculation they should make the investment

2. Calculation for IRR

IRR: 0 = –100 + 30/IRR

Hence,

IRR = 30/100

IRR = 30%

Therefore the IRR will be 30%

The IRR is great only in a situation where the cost of capital does not go beyond 30%.

The NPV of the investment is . The investment should be made because it is profitable.

The IRR is 30%. The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged is 30%.

What is the NPV?

Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.

NPV = -100 + $30 / 0.08 = $275 million.

The NPV is positive. This means the project is profitable.

What is the IRR?

Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after-tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested.

IRR = -100 + 30 /1RR

100 = 30 / 1RR

IRR = 30 / 100 = 30%

To learn more about net present value, please check: https://brainly.com/question/25748668

Chance, Inc. sold 3,300 units of its product at a price of $87 per unit. Total variable cost per unit is $63, consisting of $41 in variable production cost and $22 in variable selling and administrative cost. Compute the manufacturing margin for the company under variable costing.
a) $135,300
b) $207,900
c) $151,800
d) $287,100
e) $128,700

Answers

Answer:

Total manufacturing margin= $151,800

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Units sold=  3,300

Unitary variable manufacturing cost= $41

Selling price per unit= $87

Because we need to calculate the manufacturing margin, we will not take into account the administrative costs:

Total manufacturing margin= 3,300*(87 - 41)

Total manufacturing margin= $151,800

A call option has an exercise price of $150.At the option expiration date, the stock price could be either $100 or $200.Which investment would combine to give the same payoff as the stock?
A) Lend PV of $100 and buy two calls.
B) Lend PV of $100 and sell two calls.
C) Borrow $100 and buy two calls.
D) Borrow $100 and sell two calls.

Answers

Answer:

A) Lend PV of $100 and buy two calls.

Explanation:

For the option expiration date, it is mentioned that the stock price could be either $100 or $200 so it would be the final payoff either in $100 or $200

Now the lending of the present value i.e. $100 would be compulsory

So, the two calls values would be

= ($200 - $150) × 2

= 100

Total value be

= $100 + $100

= $200

Therefore the first option is correct

And all the other options are wrong

Where are all of my fans at!! I love all of you!! Have a good rest of your day and happy thanksgiving!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

thanks!

Explanation:

Answer:

You too!! And also a Happy Thanksgiving to you :)

Flexible Budget for Selling and Administrative Expenses for a Service Company. Cloud Productivity Inc. uses flexible budgets that are based on the following data:
Sales commissions 14% of sales
Advertising expense 18% of sales
Miscellaneous administrative expense $7,000 per month plus 12% of sales
Office salaries expense $29,000 per month
Customer support expenses $13,000 per month plus 20% of sales
Research and development expense $30,000 per month
Prepare a flexible selling and administrative expenses budget for March for sales volumes of $400,000, $500,000, and $600,000.
Cloud Productivity Inc.
Flexible Selling and Administrative Expenses Budget
For the Month Ending March 31, 2016
Total sales $400,000 $500,000 $600,000
Variable cost:
Sales commissions
Advertising expense
Miscellaneous administrative expense
Customer support expense
Total variable cost
Fixed cost:
Miscellaneous administrative expense
Office salaries expense
Customer support expense
Research and development expense
Total fixed cost
Total selling and administrative expenses

Answers

Answer:

Total selling and administrative expenses budget for March are as follows:

For sales volumes of $400,000 = $327,000

For sales volumes of $500,000 = $389,000

For sales volumes of $600,000 = $451,000

Explanation:

Note: See the attached excel file for the flexible selling and administrative expenses budget for March

A flexible budget can be described as a budget that changes with the level or volume of activity of a company.

In this question, sales volume is used as the level of activity and a flexible selling and administrative expenses budget for March for sales volumes of $400,000, $500,000, and $600,000 is prepared in the attached excel file.

A 12-year, 5% coupon bond pays interest annually. The bond has a face value of $1,000. Blank 1. Fill in the blank, read surrounding text. -12.38 % is the percentage change in the price of this bond if the yield to maturity rises to 6% from the current yield to maturity of 4.5%?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "12.38 %".

Explanation:

Please find the complete question in the attached file.

Price of face [tex]= \$ \ 1,000[/tex]

Yearly Coupon Rate [tex]= 5 \%[/tex]

Yearly Coupon [tex]= \$ \ 1,000 \times 5 \%[/tex]

                          [tex]= \$ \ 50[/tex]                    

Maturity time [tex]= 12 \ years[/tex]

Bond yield [tex]= 4.5 \%[/tex]

Price [tex]= \$ \ 50 \times PVIFA(4.50 \%, 12) + \$ \ 1,000 \times PVIF(4.50 \%, 12)[/tex]

         [tex]= \$ \ 50 \times \frac{(1-( \frac{1}{1.045})^{12})}{0.045} + \frac{1,000}{1.045^{12}}\\\\= \$ \ 1,045.59[/tex]

Returns shift to [tex]6 \%[/tex]

Price [tex]= \$ 50 \times PVIFA(6 \%, 12) + \$ 1,000 \times PVIF(6 \%, 12)[/tex]

         [tex]= \$ 50 \times \frac{(1-(\frac{1}{1.06})^{12})}{0.06} + \frac{1,000}{1.06^{12}}\\\\= \$ \ 916.16[/tex]

Shift in prices:

[tex]= \frac{(\$ \ 916.16 - \$ \ 1,045.59)}{\$ \ 1,045.59} \\\\ = -12.38 \%[/tex]OR [tex]=12.38 \%[/tex]

A stock has a correlation with the market of 0.53. The standard deviation of the market is 29%, and the standard deviation of the stock is 32%. What is the stock's beta?

Answers

Answer: 0.58

Explanation:

Given the parameters in the question, Beta can be solved by the following formula;

= Correlation with market * ( Standard deviation of stock / Standard deviation of market)

= 0.53 * (32%/29%)

= 0.58

Which of the following would be an example of an implicit cost?

(i)
forgone investment opportunities
(ii)
wages of workers
(iii)
raw materials costs
Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

(i) forgone investment opportunities

Explanation:

Implicit costs are the same as the opportunity costs of using a company's resources. There are the foregone benefits of not investing in project B but opting for project A.  Implicit costs are associated with the resources that a business already owns.

Implicit costs are used to calculate the economic value of a project.  They help managers assess how best to use the available resources. Wages of workers and raw materials costs represent explicit costs, which are direct materials of a project.

Trent is a skilled sketch artist who wants to create images for his online portfolio. He is even
toying with including live "watch me draw" videos for audiences, but he doesn't want to use a
webcam. Which piece of technology will most quickly and efficiently allow him to translate the
physical act of him drawing into a digital image?
O a scanner
o a digital tablet
O a stock image
O photo editing software

Answers

Answer:

A digital tablet

Explanation:

Faster Company uses the periodic inventory method and had the following inventory information available:

Units Unit Cost Total Cost
1/1 Beginning Inventory 15 $8.00 $120
1/20 Purchase 60 $8.80 528
7/25 Purchase 30 $8.40 252
10/20 Purchase 45 $9.60 432
150 $1,332

a. Assume that the company uses the FIFO method. The value of the ending inventory at December 31 is $:__________
b. Assume that the company uses the average-cost method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:_________
c. Assume that the company uses the LIFO method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:_________

1. Determine the difference in the amount of income that the company would have reported if it had used the FIFO method instead of the LIFO method.
2. Would income have been greater or less?

Answers

Question Completion:

A physical count of inventory on December 31 revealed that there were 55 units on hand.

Answer:

Faster Company

a. Assume that the company uses the FIFO method. The value of the ending inventory at December 31 is $:____516______

b. Assume that the company uses the average-cost method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:____488.40_____

c. Assume that the company uses the LIFO method. The value of the ending inventory on December 31 is $:__472_______

1. The difference in the amount of income if it had used the FIFO method instead of the LIFO:

Cost of goods sold under FIFO =  $816

Cost of goods sold under LIFO = $860

Difference in income =                    $44

2. The income would have been greater by $44 because the FIFO charges less cost than the LIFO, especially when costs are rising.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Faster uses the periodic inventory method.

Date                                     Units    Unit Cost   Total Cost

1/1        Beginning Inventory  15           $8.00          $120

1/20    Purchase                    60           $8.80           528

7/25   Purchase                    30           $8.40           252

10/20 Purchase                    45           $9.60           432

          Total                         150                            $1,332

Ending inventory                 55

Units of goods sold            95

Average cost = $1,332/150 = $8.88

Under FIFO:

Ending Inventory = 45*$9.60 + 10*$8.40 = $516

Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale minus the Ending Inventory = $1,332 - 516 = $816.

Under Average-Cost Method:

Ending Inventory = 55 * $8.88 = $488.40

Cost of goods sold = 95 * $8.88 = $843.60

Under LIFO method:

Ending Inventory = 15*$8.00 + 40*$8.80 = $472

Cost of goods sold = $860 ($1,332 - $472)

An unfavorable​ production-volume variance​ ________. A. is not a good measure of a lost production opportunity B. indicates that the company had reduced its per unit fixed overhead cost to improve sales C. takes into account the effect of additional revenues due to maintaining higher prices D. measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used

Answers

Answer:

d) measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used

Explanation:

An unfavorable​ production-volume variance measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used. As per production-volume variance extra fixed costs planned for but not used has unfavorable production-volume variance.

When production-volume variance is unfavorable, that means the fixed cost are allocated on lesser number of manufactured units, hence it indicates that the fixed costs are not controlled well.

QUESTION 13
6 points
When writing marketing objectives they should be:
A. Realistic, Measurable, Time Specific, Compared to benchmark (smart-specific measurable attainable time
bound)
B. Aspirational, Measurable, Competitive, Unlimited
C. All of the above
D.None of the above

Answers

The answer would be C

Suppose that United States produces 10,000,000 barrels of oil and 1,000 bushels of wheat each week. Suppose that Pakistan produces 9753 barrels of oil and 9753 bushels of wheat each week. 1. In autarky, what is the largest amount of wheat United States can consume every week? Number bushels 2. What does the term autarky refer to? a) The process of negotiating terms of trade between two countries. b) A major argument against globalization. c) countries Government policies meant to reduce international trade. d) A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other

Answers

Answer:

1. 1,000 bushels of wheat

2.  d) A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other

Explanation:

1 & 2. Autarky refers to a situation where a country does not engage in trade with other countries but rather relies on its own production capacities to feed the consumption in the country.

Autarkies in the current world are not a thing because countries trade with each other. Even North Korea trades with Russia, China and others.

In an Autarky situation therefore, the United States would only be able to consume the wheat that it produces itself which according to the question is 1,000 bushels of wheat.

Answer: 1. 1000 bushels of wheat.

2. A situation where one country does not engage in trade with other.

Explanation:

Autarky simply refers to an economy that's self sufficient and doesn't depend on other economies and doesn't trade with them.

1. The largest amount of wheat that the United States can consume every week will be 1000 bushels of wheat. This is because in autarky, nations won't engage in trading so whatever quantity of whameat that's produced will be consumed.

2. Autarky situation where one country does not engage in trade with other. Therefore, the correct option is D.

What is the principal ?

Answers

Answer

adjective

1.

first in order of importance; main.

"the country's principal cities"

Similar:

main

chief

primary

leading

foremost

first

most important

predominant

dominant

(most) prominent

key

crucial

vital

essential

basic

staple

critical

pivotal

salient

prime

central

focal

premier

paramount

major

ruling

master

supreme

overriding

cardinal

capital

preeminent

ultimate

uppermost

highest

utmost

top

topmost

arch-

number-one

Opposite:

minor

subordinate

subsidiary

2.

(of money) denoting an original sum invested or lent.

"the principal amount of your investment"

noun

1.

the person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group.

"a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco"

Similar:

boss

chief

chief executive (officer)

CEO

chairman

chairwoman

managing director

MD

president

director

manager

employer

head

leader

ruler

controller

head honcho

gaffer

governor

guv'nor

2.

a sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid.

"the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal"

Similar:

capital sum

capital

capital funds

working capital

Ten years ago, Lucas Inc. earned $0.50 per share. Its earnings this year were $5.00. What was the growth rate in earnings per share (EPS) over the 10-year period?

Answers

Answer:

25.89%

Explanation:

With regards to the above information, initial earning = $0.50

Final earnings = $5.0

Number of periods = 10 years

We can formulate the above into an equation, which will now be:

$5.00 = $0.5 ( 1 + rate )^ 10

We can simplify furthermore.

1 + rate ^ 10 = 5 / 0.5

1 + rate ^ 10 = 10

1 + rate ^ 10 = 10^1/10

1 + rate = 10 ^ 0.1

1 t rate = 1.2589

rate = 1.2589 - 1

rate = 0.2589

rate = 25.89%

Therefore, the growth rate in earnings per share (EPS) over the 10 year period is 25.89% .

Write 5 reasons why finding money to pay for college is important for you and your future.

Answers

1. Just in case your parents don't have enough money getting a job can help you pay for your collage yourself

2. When finding money after you are done you don't have to pay any student loans

3. Finding money can help you for your future cause if u pay for you collage you will have no stress and have extra money to buy important values

4. Finding money can help you get in a really good collage if u have enough

5. it makes you more determined and make you feel better about yourself

Not the best but here is a try

Leary Corporation had net credit sales during the year of $900,000 and cost of goods sold of $540,000. The balance in receivables at the beginning of the year was $120,000 and at the end of the year was $180,000. What was the accounts receivable turnover?
A. 6.0
B. 7.5
C. 5.0
D. 3.6

Answers

B because 2+2 is 4 so you have to be smart and think out side the box

Answer:

A. 6.0

Explanation:

Oakland Tax Planning Service bought computer equipment for on January​ 1, 2018. It has an estimated useful life of four years and zero residual value. Oakland uses the straightline method to calculate depreciation and records depreciation expense in the books at the end of each month. Calculate the amount of Depreciation Expense for the​ period, January​ 1, 2018 through September​ 30, 2018, for this equipment.​ (Round any intermediate calculations to two decimal​ places, and your final answer to the nearest​ dollar.)

A. $6,000

B. $6,500

C. $4,500

D. $5,000

Answers

Answer:

C. $4,500

Explanation:

The computation of the depreciation expense using the straight-line method is shown below:

= (Cost - residual value) ÷ Useful life of the asset  

= $24,000 ÷  48 months  

= $500  

Now for 9 months, it is

= $500 × 9 months

= $4,500

Hence, the depreciation expense is $4,500

Therefore the correct option is c. $4,500

What will happen to the market value of a bond if interest rates decrease?

a. The market value will decrease
b. The market value will increase
c. The market value will increase or decrease, depending on the general economic climate
d. The market value should remain level

Answers

Answer:

b. The market value will increase

Explanation:

In the case when the rate of the interest decrease so the market value of the bond would be increased. As the market value of the bond and the rate of interest has an inverse relationship between them. In the case when the rate of interest increased than the market value of the bond decreased and vice versa

Therefore option b is correct

Runnerz Inc.,a leading manufacturing and retail company that designs and develops footwear and apparel,has signed a contract with a particular courier service for managing the delivery process.The courier service is required to deliver goods from the factory to the warehouse,to customers,and also to collect customer payments for the goods.This is a typical example of a(n)________.
A) non-equity strategic alliance
B) turnkey operation
C) greenfield investment
D) international licensing agreement

Answers

Answer:

A) non-equity strategic alliance

Explanation:

From the question, we are informed about, Runnerz Inc., which is a leading manufacturing and retail company that designs and develops footwear and apparel,has signed a contract with a particular courier service for managing the delivery process.The courier service is required to deliver goods from the factory to the warehouse,to customers,and also to collect customer payments for the goods. In this case we can regard this as a typical example of a non-equity strategic alliance.

Non-equity strategic alliance can be explained as when there is contractual relationship is signed by two independent companies to gather their resources as well as their capabilities even though there is no separate entity or sharing equity. Most of the business alliances are fond of this type of agreement.

On a website advertising its LSAT preparation classes, The Princeton Review includes this sentence: Since 1998, more than 99% of our surveyed students have said they would recommend Law Preview to entering law students. This persuasive technique relies on ________.

Answers

Answer:

relies on statistics

Explanation:

Since 1998, more than 99% of our surveyed students have said they would recommend Law Preview to enter law students. This persuasive technique relies on statistics.

What is law?

The term law states that the states of rules are made by the government for the public welfare, there are different laws are being there which help people to make more protective and more effective work in it. By the law the people can work properly under the law and discrimination they have been provided.

As the survey is to be conducted and the basis of the survey the result have been made and by the statics, the result has been concluded to be the students have been recommended the law as compared to the other things. The more served there, the more about the students can be noted down.

Therefore, persuasive techniques play an important role in it. For the survey of the law student.

Learn more about the law here:

https://brainly.com/question/6590381?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ2

Why is it important to know the cost of inspection in a particular areas of business organization?​

Answers

Explanation:

Every regulated organization understands the need to implement a quality system. In fact, it’s a “shall” clause for all life sciences companies to ensure they are in compliance with industry regulations. The focus of any effective quality system is, and rightly so, all about ensuring patient safety. From there, as the organization matures, its people, processes and technology evolve from a compliance, to a correction, to a prevention mindset, eventually resulting in increased quality brand recognition and shareholder value.

In the real world, companies need to engage quality system processes, such corrective and preventive action (CAPA), as the lifeline to feed improvements through the change management processes into the product lifecycle, from design inputs to manufacturer and supplier outputs.

Defining the cost of quality

As we look at process and product improvements, quantifying the “quality” costs to the organization is defined as the Cost of Quality (COQ). Why quantify the quality data? The COQ categorizes these costs so the organization can see how moving from a quality assurance (control and correction) focus to a focus on prevention helps to reduce the cost of nonconformances.

The American Society of Quality (ASQ) uses the following formula to calculate the COQ:

Cost of Quality (COQ) = Cost or Poor Quality (COPQ) + Cost of Good Quality (COGQ)

The COPQ contains all the costs of nonconformances that are both internal and external to the organization; whereas, the COGQ contains the cost of quality conformance, including any costs associated with both appraisal and prevention.

Some examples would be:

COPQ – Internal Costs (defects occurring and managed within the organization)

Scrap, Rework, Re-inspection

COPQ – External Costs (defects that reach the consumer)

Adverse Event Reporting, Warranty, Corrections and Removals, Product Liability, loss of brand reputation

COGQ – Appraisal Costs (controls put in place by the organization)

Inspection (purchased, manufactured), Testing (acceptance, field), Quality Audits, Calibration

COGQ – Prevention Costs (activities to eliminate defects from ever occurring)

SPC (statistical process control), Quality Planning, Quality Training, investment in quality-related information systems

What is the cost to your organization?

In the life sciences industry, analysts have stated that less than 50 percent of companies really know what the COQ is for their organization. However, ASQ, Crosby, and FDA Case for Quality show that the COQ for an organization can range from 3 – 25% of a company’s revenue. The good news is that there are known strategies that can be put in place to drive down the COQ which will have a direct positive impact on the profitability of your organization, and it’s all within your control.

Strategies for cost improvements

Every company is at a different point in the evolution of its people, processes and technology implementations, and even its understanding of its key metrics/performance indicators or COQ. Management could consider leveraging the following strategies to reduce their company’s COPQ and positively impact its quality and profitability performance.

Improve supplier relationships for both product and process improvements

Collaborate during design process, engage suppliers in the corrective action process (from incoming, manufacturing or customer-reported problems), develop supplier scorecards, audit suppliers based on their product/process risk levels

Vaughan Company started the year off with an Accounts Receivable balance of $50,000. During the year credit sales were $949,000. Accounts Receivable at the end of year totaled $80,000. What is the average number of days it takes Vaughan Company to collect a receivable? (Do not round your answers in any part of this problem)

Answers

Answer:

25 days

Explanation:

To calculate the average number of days, we'll make use of the formula below;

= [(Average receivable / Net credit sales)] × 365

Average receivables = $50,000 + $80,000 / 2 = $65,000

Net credit sales = $949,000

Therefore,

Average collection period

= ($65,000 / $949,000) × 365

= 25 days

It will take Vaughan company 25 days to collect a receivable.

Maxwellâs annual financial statements show operating profit before interest and tax of $508,848 thousand, net income of $311,662 thousand, provision for income taxes of $91,720 thousand and net nonoperating expense before tax of $107,301 thousand. Assume Maxwellâs statutory tax rate for the year is 37%. Maxwellâs effective tax rate is:______________

Answers

Answer: 22.84%

Explanation:

Operating profit before interest and tax = $508,848

Less: net nonoperating expense before tax = $107,301

Earning before tax = $508,848 - $107,301 = $401,547

Provision for income taxes = $91,720

Effective tax rate = Provision for income taxes / Earning before tax × 100

= 91720/401547 × 100

= 0.2284 × 100

= 22.84%

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