Enzymes are proteins that are made up of amino acids that have a(n) [?] carbon. A. peptide chain C. linear B. asymmetrical D. bent​

According to the lab 10 lecture, cause morphological traits to be potentially misleading and result in inaccurate phylogenetic trees Here in Polygenetics generate a tree, after acquiring the data.

A phylogenetic tree, additionally known as phylogeny, is a diagram that depicts the traces of the evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

This diagrammatic representation represents how special species developed from a chain of commonplace ancestors. The phylogenetic tree also can be described as a two-dimensional graph representing the evolutionary relationship among an organism from diverse different organisms.

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to mirror evolutionary relationships amongst organisms or businesses of organisms. Scientists take into account phylogenetic trees to be a speculation of the evolution beyond due to the fact one can not pass again to confirm the proposed relationships.

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Human x and y chromosomes  are called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.

Somatic cells in human females contain two X chromosomes, and all of the somatic cells in human males contain one X and one Y chromosome. Many genes are unique to the Y chromosome, but genes in areas known as pseudo autosomal regions are present on both sex chromosomes.

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells out of which one member of each pair is paternal that comes from the father and one maternal that comes from the mother. There are 22 matched pairs of autosomal chromosomes, plus one pair of sex chromosomes X and Y.

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Different protein combinations, differential gene expression, and the ability of many human genes to encode multiple proteins all contribute to complexity.

Many of your characteristics, including your skin tone and hair color, are determined by dna is passed down to you. Maybe Emma's mother had one gene for brown hair the other for red hair, therefore she gave Emma the red hair gene. Her red hair could be explained by the possibility that her father carries two red hair genes.

Your human anatomy is created and maintained by DNA. Genes are sections of your DNA that give you the physical traits that make you special. Your body's cells are guided by a detailed guidebook that is present throughout.

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(hypothalmic releasing AND inhibiting hormones) =

1. TRH

2. CRH

3. GnRH

4. GHRH

5. GHIH

6. PRH

7. PIH

The area of the brain that keeps the body's internal balance in check The endocrine and nervous systems communicate with one another through the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus creates releasing and inhibiting hormones that start and stop the body's other hormones from being produced.

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Alternative Splicing may be considered a mechanism of gene regulation because it results in different protein products that is option B is correct.

Alternative splicing may be defined as the method of modification of the construction of the pre-mRNA also known as the messenger RNA. By using this method a number of m-RNA can be produced and it helps to get a diverse amount of m-RNA. It produces the diverse amount of m-RNA from the newly generated RNA transcripts and forms different sequences of those. Gene regulation may be defined as the process with which the quantities of the gene that is the timing, location and the amount of expression of the genes are determined. The process is a very complicated one and it involves the use of all the proteins available in the DNA.

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Based on your knowledge of microbial genetics and microbial pathogenesis, the genetic information for endotoxins is located in Tus Protein .

The usage of microbes and protocols have been evolved to insert genes into bacterial plasmids, taking advantage of their speedy reproduction, to make biofactories for the gene of interest. Such genetically engineered microorganisms can produce pharmaceuticals consisting of insulin, human growth hormone, interferons, and blood clotting factors.

The researchers found almost forty-six million bacterial genes—about 24 million within the mouth microbiome and 22 million in the gut microbiome. The crew predicted that the overall quantity of genes inside the collective human microbiome could be around 232 million.

Genetic checking out can screen modifications (mutations) in your genes that may motivate illness or ailment. despite the fact that genetic trying out can provide critical statistics for diagnosing, treating, and stopping contamination, there are boundaries.

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Answer:

Sodium is the major cation found in intracellular fluid.

Answer:

The extra parts of the immune response in vertebrates that are adaptations to intracellular pathogens are the production of antibodies, the activation of the complement system, and the production of interferon.

In DNA replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as template for the synthesis of new DNA strands.

The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules is known as DNA replication. Replication is necessary because when a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

Each DNA molecule contains one strand of the original DNA molecule and one strand that has been synthesized (created). As a result, DNA replication is referred to as semiconservative. Before cells can divide, their DNA must be replicated. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a copy of the genome, resulting in successful genetic trait inheritance. DNA replication is an essential process that is conserved across all organisms.

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The inner ear structures containing granules and helps with gravitational equilibrium are: the semicircular canals called utricle and saccule.

Ear is the organ involved in the hearing of sounds and also maintains the balance of the body. The ear is distinguished into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear is called pinna. The middle ear consists of three most important bones called the malleus, incus and stapes.

Semicircular canals are the parts involved in balancing. These are the tiny tube like structures that contains a fluid. Apart from balancing, the semicircular canals are also able to detect the head position.

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A or B blood groups were likely to be found in the children of an AB blood type mother and an O blood type man.

Liquids and solids make your blood. Water, salts, and protein help compensate the plasma, which is the liquid component. Your blood contains more than 50% plasma. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets make up your blood's solid portion.

oxygen is transported from the lungs to the tissues. transport of digested food from small intestine to various body structures and cells. carries immune-system-fighting cells and antibodies.

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Seed plants produces flagellated sperm .

Many primitive gymnosperms have flagellated sperm cells, In many seed plants the use of resistant far-traveling airborne pollen to bring gametes together in a terrestrial adaptation.

Sperms are the male gametes manufactured  in pollen grains or microspores. Flagellated sperms mean that the male gametes have the flagella, the organs for movement so they are also known as motile sperms.  Hence ,seed plants that have flagellated sperm are Ginkgo and Cycadales.

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The three categories of specialized cells are as follows:

a nerve cell

reproductive cellular

muscular cells

Cells that are specialized are those that make up the body's organ systems.

The organism's other cells and these cells are interdependent on one another.

The body is made up of specialized cells that each play a specific job in maintaining health. Examples include red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, muscle cells, which contract and relax, and nerve cells, which transmit signals throughout the body.

Cells that are specialized in a certain structure or set of bodily tasks. Specialized cells can be found in many different forms, such as: Blood.

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Answer:the subcutaneous tissue or The hypodermis

Explanation:its the deepest layer :)

The one that is not a cause of earth's biomes is wind and ocean currents. The correct option is A.

An place is categorized as a biome based on the species that call it home. Scientists can define a biome by defining the temperature range, soil type, amount of light, and water that are peculiar to a location and create niches for particular species.

There are eight main terrestrial biomes: temperate grasslands, temperate forests, boreal forests, Arctic tundra, and tropical rainforests, savannas, subtropical deserts, and chaparral.

Large-scale habitats known as biomes can be identified by their distinctive temperature ranges and precipitation rates.

Wind and ocean currents are the ones that are not a cause of the earth's biomes.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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The connective tissue component consists of: cells arranged in an extracellular matrix and spread out.

The most widespread connective tissue is loose connective tissue

Connective tissue is a network that has a function to bind and support other parts of the network. Connective tissue constituents are cells arranged in an extracellular matrix and arranged spread out. This matrix consists of two main components, namely the basic material in the form of liquid and protein fiber.

Loose connective tissue is the most abundant connective tissue in the body of vertebrates. This tissue binds the epithelium to the underlying tissue, so that the connective tissue functions as a binder between the epithelial tissue and the tissue beneath the epithelial tissue.

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Cholesterol is an important component of each of the following except sex hormones.

Cholesterol is an important issue of mobileular membranes, that are the systems that border each mobileular withinside the human body. Without ldl cholesterol, T-cells (a kind of white blood mobileular), for example, might now no longer preserve their mobileular membranes, main to rupturing of the cells.

Cholesterol is likewise wanted for the manufacture of steroid-primarily based totally hormones, specifically intercourse hormones like testosterone and progesterone. Other hormones, produced especially with the aid of using the adrenal gland, additionally require ldl cholesterol for production. Aldosterone (the hormone that makes the kidneys keep water) and cortisol (the hormone this is critical in suppressing irritation withinside the body) are such examples.

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The most likely explanation would be that one of the structural genes has mutation that is option E is correct.

β-galactosidase is kind of enzyme that may be used in the hydrolysis reaction of the terminal β-galactose that are non reducing in nature. This enzyme is basically used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis reaction. β-galactosidase permease on the other hand is a kind of protein that is found in the cell membrane of living beings. This protein is responsible for binding of galactosidase molecules that are soluble in nature within the cell of the human being. Sometimes there is difference in the concentration of both these within the cell because there are possibilities of mutation within the β-galactosidase and this happens due to the genes of these enzymes.

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Complete Question:

In a bacterial cell, β-galactosidase is at high concentrations but β-galactosidase permease is at very low concentrations. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

a) Both glucose and lactose are at high concentrations.

b) Both glucose and lactose are at low concentrations.

c) The operator has a mutation.

d) The promoter has a mutation.

e) One of the structural genes has a mutation.

Right heart failure (RHF) is a clinical syndrome in which the right heart's structures—most notably the right ventricle [RV]—function abnormally, impairing the right heart's ability to perfuse.

Left-sided heart failure is the most common type. When the right ventricle struggles to efficiently pump blood to the lungs, right-sided heart failure results.

Pulmonary hypertension is the main factor in right heart failure. Other reasons include pericardial disease, hereditary cardiomyopathy, RV myocarditis, and ischaemia.

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A or B blood types are likely to be present in the children of an AB blood type mother and an O blood type man. O or AB blood types couldn't be accommodated.

The three distinct alleles that make up the human blood type are A, B, and O, sometimes known as Ia, Ib, and I, respectively. Every person has two blood types, which they receive from each of their parents, or one allele from each parent. Six genotype combinations are possible because there are three different types of alleles: AA or Ia Ia, BB or Ib Ib, AO or Ia I BO or Ib I and OO or I i. Because A and B alleles are more common than O, people with the AO genotype exhibit the A phenotype. whereas those with the BO genotype would have the B phenotype.

An Ia Ib genotype will be present in a female with an AB blood type. An O blood type male will possess an I I genotype.

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Spinal cord is not part of the peripheral nervous system (pns).

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of all the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia (groups of nerve cells). Brain, brain stem and spinal cord are all components of the central nervous system (CNS).

Three part of Peripheral nervous system are Sensory that Connects the brain and spinal cord to your skin and allow you to feel pain and other sensations. Secondly Autonomic that helps to Controls involuntary function like blood pressure, heart rate. The third one is Motor that helps to Connects the brain and spinal cord to muscles to stimulate movement.

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Answer:

In dna replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as templates for the synthesis of new dna strands.

Explanation:

There isn't much explaining on this one.

but basically just remember that at the end of DNA replication you will end up with 2 DNA molecules, one is the original template DNA strand and the other one is the new DNA strand.

Therefore, they would need an original DNA strand to replicate off of, and that is what we call the template DNA strand.

The results have been different if you had used a cell type different from your cheek cells why because of the absence of a cell wall in the cheek cell.

The human cheek cells lack a cell wall, just like other animal cells do. The cytoplasm is encircled by a cell membrane that is partially permeable. Animal cells have denser, more granular, and larger cytoplasms compared to plant cells. Because they lack cell walls, cheek cells have irregular shapes. Because only plant cells have cell walls, most animal cells are atypical in shape.

Since the cells in the human cheek are animal cells, they lack a cell wall. The cell membrane, a semi-permeable barrier, is therefore the exterior barrier of the human cheek cell. Human cheek cells, as opposed to onion cells, contain a rich cytoplasm. It takes up a lot of room inside the cell and is granular.

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The sequence (and polarity) of the template strand of DNA that encoded this mRNA is

5' C T A T A C C C A C A T G G A C T 3'

Types of nucleotides

DNA nucleotides come in four different varieties since there are four naturally occurring nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

The genetic code found in mRNA is read during translation and utilised to create a protein. The fundamental principle of molecular biology, DNA, RNA, and protein, sums up these two processes.

DNA is always generated with the 5'-to-3' orientation, therefore nucleotides are only added to the forming strand's 3' end. The 5'-phosphate group of the following nucleotide binds to the 3'-OH group of the final developing strand nucleotide.

The lagging strand is the one that begins to open in the 3' to 5' direction toward the replication fork.

The strand that moves in the 5' to 3' direction is the one at the front of the replication fork.

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The half-life of an isotope is useful to determine how much time has an organism been dead or how much isotope is left in the organism. In the exposed example, after 1803 years there was 3 g of Ca⁻⁴⁰.

The half-life term refers to the time it takes for half the mass of an isotope to become its less radiocative daughter form.

Half-life is a reference. It means that an organism that has been dead for a certain time (in years) has half the isotope amount or concentration than the same organism had when it was alive.

Knowing the half-life of an element is useful to determine the age of the dead matter or the amount of isotope left.

Available data:

We can answer this question in two different ways,

1) We can make use of the following equation

A = A₀ (1/2)ˣ

Where,

A = 24 g (1/2)³

A = 24g * 0.125

A = 3 gr.

2) You can also think about is as follows,

601 years --------- 1 half-life

1803 years ------- X = 3 half-lives

The original isotopic sample had 24g

In conclusion, after 1803 years there was 3 g of Ca⁻⁴⁰.

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Rainfall, temperature, wind​- All these factors  are used to differentiate climate regions.

The correct options are a, d and e.

The quantity of sunshine a location receives, its elevation above sea level, the form of the terrain, the amount of rainfall and how close it is to seas are just a few of the numerous variables that affect its climate.

The long-term pattern of the weather in a region is called the climate. Hour by hour, day by day, month by month, or even year by year, the weather might vary. A region's climate is determined by its weather patterns, which are typically monitored for at least 30 years.

The complete question is:

Which factors are used to differentiate climate regions?

Check all that apply.

a. rainfall

b. plant life

c. animal life

d. temperature

e. wind​

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After initial integration, implant failure is typically caused by bacterial infection that travels from the peri-implant tissues into the bone.

The tissues that surround Osseointegrated dental implants are referred to as peri-implant tissues. They are separated into compartments for soft and hard tissues. The "peri-implant mucosa" or soft tissue compartment is formed after the insertion of the implant or abutment and is referred to as such during the healing process.

To create a thicker soft tissue foundation for the implant, connective tissue or Alloderm is applied over the problematic area at the time of implant insertion.

In example, between 18% and 30% of implants experienced peri-implant mucositis over the course of 1 to 9 years, and 9% of implants showed clinical symptoms of peri-implantitis (defined as the presence of BOP + PD 4 mm + considerable bone loss).

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Secretion stage of urine production involves adding ammonia, uric acid, and other waste substances directly into the renal tubule.

Filtration is the first step in the urine production,  where water and other substances leave the blood and enter the renal tubule. Secretion is the process where substances that is not filtered out of the blood are moved into the fluid within renal tubule.

Hence, Urine formation occurs in three main steps like glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Urine comprises of  95 % water and 5% wastes such as ions of sodium, potassium and calcium, and nitrogenous wastes such as creatinine, urea and ammonia.

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Biodiversity will be affected with the decline of bees because;

To mitigate the reduction of bees;

Bees are pollinators that carry flower pollens to other flowers for fertilization of both wild and domestic plants. They help prevent inbreeding in plants for their survival.

When plants are fertilized they produce seeds that offers food for the survival of different species in a particular habitat. Without this, organisms will die out.

For solution, farmers need to employ chemical free solutions, introduce crop rotation plant bee farms among other things to help bees survive.

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