CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)
The Lewis structure for CF₄ and XeF₄ Both of them have symmetrical shapes and arrangements of polar bonds. This results in the cancellation of all polar vectors and a net dipole moment of zero. These are non-polar.
CF₄ is a tetrahedron with carbon at the center and fluorine at the four points. The dipole moments of the individual bonds cancel each other out.
Each of the other molecules is also a tetrahedron. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, which is more electronegative than hydrogen. The dipole vector for each bond is the difference between the polarities of the two atoms. The dipole moment of the entire molecule is the vector sum of all of the individual bond dipole moments.
CF₄ and XeF₄ cancels itself out and has no dipole.
SF₄ on the other hand have The lone pair of electrons causes this compound to have a net dipole moment. It has no opposite pair of electrons that could cancel its pull, this results in it being polar.
therefore, CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)
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Rebecca made a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit for a snack. Which kind of mixture was rebecca’s snack?.
Rebecca made a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit for a snack then kind of mixture was rebecca’s snack is heterogenous mixture
A mixture is composed of one or more pure substances in varying composition and a pure substances or a homogenous mixture consist of a single phase and a heterogenous mixture consist of two or more phases and when oil and water are combined and they do not mix evenly and but instead form two separate layer and each of the layer is called a phase and here is a mixture of raisins, nuts, and dried fruit that's why it is different fruits are seen so it is the heterogenous mixture
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If 250 ml of methane, ch4, effuses through a small hole in 28 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be.
To find the volume, known grahams law of diffusion.
What is grahams law of diffusion?
The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to its square root of molar mass, according to Graham's Law. The majority of the time, particles in a material that are in a low-concentration area will move to a high-concentration area. When we spray scented air freshener or perfume in one area of the room and then we can smell it throughout the entire space, this process is easily illustrated. The SI unit for the diffusion coefficient is square meters per second (m2/s).
What is Volume ?
The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage.
Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
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What is the relationship between the mass difference and the difference in
percent solution?
Relationship between the mass difference and the difference in percent solution is the mass percent give the ratio between the mass of a component in a mixture and the total mass of the mixture
Percent by mass is in term of the masses of the solute and the solution and it is ratio of the mass of solute to the total mass of the solution and percent by volume on the other hand is in term of the volume of the solute and the solution and the difference between mass percent and percent composition is that mass percent give ratio between the mass of a component in a mixture and total mass of the mixture
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What is the percent yield of NH3 for the reaction depicted in the following figure? the blue spheres are nitrogen and the white spheres represent hydrogen
The percent yield of NH₃ for the reaction is 75%
Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield
The first thing that you need to do here is to calculate the theoretical yield of the reaction that is if the reaction has 100% yield then
The balanced chemical equation
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
This tell you that every 1 mole of nitrogen gas that takes part in the reaction will consume 3 moles of hydrogen gas and produce 1 mole of ammonia and here that 1 mole of nitrogen gas react with 1 mole of hydrogen gas and since enough hydrogen gas to ensure that all moles of nitrogen gas can react
3 mole H₂ > 1 mole H₂
1 mole H₂×2 mole NH₃/3mole H₂ = 0.667 mole NH₃
So at 100% yield this represent the reaction thereotical yield
Now that reaction produced 0.50 moles of ammonia then this represent the reaction actual yield
In order to find the % yield you have to figure out how many moles of ammonia are actually produced for every 100 moles of ammonia that could theoretically be produced
Then 0.667 moles will produce 0.50 moles so you can say that
100 moles NH₃ in theory ×0.50 moles NH₃ actual/0.667 moles of NH₃ actual = 75 moles of NH₃
Therefore, you can say that the reaction has a percent yield equal to
%yield = 75%
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How many of the following molecules have sp2 hybridization on the central atom? hcn so2 ocl2 xecl2.
Only one molecule have sp2 hybridization on central atom and that is SO₂.
XeCl₂ have sp3d hybridization.
OCl₂ have sp3 hybridization.
HCN have sp hybridization.
Hybridization is defined as the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals.
Hybridization intermixing usually results in the formation of hybrid orbitals having entirely different energies, shapes, etc.
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Given: 27.375 g HNO₃ and 47.0 g Sr(OH)₂ and total volume of 1.2 L
Reaction: 2HNO₃ (aq) + Sr(OH)₂ (aq) ⇒ Sr(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2HOH (l)
Net ionic equation: 2H⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ (aq) ⇒ 2HOH (l)
Find the final concentration of OH⁻ ions.
The final concentration of the hydroxide ions is 0.163 M.
What is the final concentration of OH⁻ ions?We have to obtain the number of moles of each of the reactants. This would help us to be able to obtain the final concentration of the hydroxide ions.
Number of moles of the acid = 27.375 g/63 g/mol
= 0.43 moles
Number of moles of strontium hydroxide = 47.0 g/122 g/mol
= 0.39 moles
It is clear that the hydroxide is the limiting reactant
Number of moles of the hydroxide ion = 0.39 moles/2 = 0.195 moles
Volume of the solution = 1.2 L
Concentration of the solution = Number of moles/ volume
= 0.195 moles/ 1.2 L
= 0.163 M
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The sp3 hybridization has what percent s character and what percent p character?.
The sp3 hybridization has a 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals. Hence, it has a percentage of 25% s and 75% p characters.
What is sp3 hybridization?Sp3 hybridization is the mixing character of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals that create 4 hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics. The sp3 hybridization affects the molecular geometry to the shape of tetrahedral. This shape is created by bonding an atom to 4 other atoms that arrange with a bond angle of 109.5 degrees. Some compounds that have sp3 hybridization are ethane, methane, and diamond. Those compounds have 25% s character and 75% p character.
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Describe the properties of common alloys (carbon steel, bronze, brass, and sterling silver) and how their properties are different than their parts.
The properties of common alloys include the following:
High melting pointGood conductors of heat and electricity.Corrosive resistant.What is an Alloy?This is referred to as a type of substance which is composed of two or more elements. It comprises of at least a metal and is of various types which include bronze which is made up of copper and tin and brass which is made up of copper and zinc.
Most alloys are corrosive resistant because they aren't easily oxidized when exposed to aerobic conditions. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity due to their high degree of hardness and toughness which makes them tightly packed together thereby favoring flow of electrons and is the reason why they are different from their parts and is therefore the correct choice.
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What type of skin tissue enables movement
A. nerve tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. epithelial tissue
D. connective tissue
Answer: B
Explanation:
''Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts''
During a lab, a tablet i dropped into a bag and liquid i added. The ma of the tablet wa 20 g, the ma of the bag wa 50 g, the ma of the liquid wa 90 g. When the tablet hit the water, a chemical reaction took place and the bag filled with ga. If the ma of the liquid remained at 90 g, how much ga wa produced?
Response: 25 g. According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is maintained throughout a chemical process.
What instances from chemistry?The elements, including such zinc, helium, or oxygen, as well as compounds comprised of components like water, carbon dioxide, or salt, as well as more complicated materials, such as your computer, the air you breathe, rainfall, a chicken, a car, etc., are examples of chemicals.
Why do chemicals form?Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. The molecules that start a chemical reaction are known as reactants, and the molecules that are produced as the result of the process are known as products.
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if you wanted to produce 4 moles of so3 gas, how many moles of so2 would you need to react? (assume an unlimited supply of o2 gas.) italic 2 italic space s o subscript italic 2 italic space italic (g italic )italic space italic plus italic space o subscript italic 2 italic space italic (g italic )italic space italic rightwards arrow italic 2 italic space s o subscript italic 3 italic space italic (g italic )
If we wanted to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, we needed to react: 4 moles of SO2. This is because SO2 to SO3 coefficient ratio is 2:2.
How many moles of SO2 would we need to react?To determine how many moles we need to react, first, we got to write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) --> 2SO3(g)
The number of coefficients is equal to the ratio of moles. The ratio of SO2: SO3 is 2:2. As we want to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, the amount of SO2 we would need to react will also be 4 moles. Hence, the correct answer is 4 moles of SO2.
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What name is given to the process by which radioactive atoms break down and change into a different type of atom?
a cylinder with a moveable piston contains 92g of nitrogen. the external pressure is constant at 1.00 atm. the initial temperature is 200k. when the temperature is increased by 92 k, by taking it out of the freezer, the volume will increase, according to the ideal gas law. calculate the work for this process.
The work for the compression process is 3719.3 J.
What is ideal gas law ?
The ideal gas is the virtual gas that chemists and students dream of because it would be much simpler if there weren't some kind of intermolecular force that would complicate the simple law of the ideal gas. An ideal gas is essentially a point cloud moving with constant random linear motion. Its behavior is described by the assumptions described in the kinetic molecular theory of gases. This ideal gas definition contrasts with the non-ideal gas definition. This is because this equation describes how gases actually behave. First, let us consider the ideal gas. The ideal gas law is simply a combination of all the simple gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law), and if you learn this law, you've learned them all. . The simple gas law can always be derived from the ideal gas equation.
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a chemistry student prepared lead(ii) iodide from 10.0 g of lead(ii) nitrate and aqueous potassium iodide. part a if the student collected 12.6 g of pbi2 and the theoretical yield is 13.9 g , what is the percent yield?
The percent yield of lead (II) iodide is 90.6 %.
A insoluble lead (II) iodide salt is produced as this is a precipitation reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is given as:
Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → PbI₂ (s) + 2 KNO₃ (aq)
Moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ in the reactant side = 10 × 1/331.2 g = 0.0302 mol
Lead (II) nitrate is the limiting reagent as KI is in excess.
Theoretical yield of PbI₂ = 0.0302 mol × 461.01 g/ 1 mol
= 13.9 g
Actual yield of PbI₂ = 12.6 g
Percent yield of PbI₂ in product side = 12.6 g/13.9 g × 100%
= 90.6%
Hence, the percent yield of lead (II) iodide is 90.6 %.
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why does salt dissolve in water while sugar does not (please tell me with ionic and covalent compounds and also about the crystal lattice as well as the polarr! Thankyou!)
Sugar and salt both dissolves in water because both are hydrophilic in nature.
The water molecule is the polar compound. water is the covalent compound but polar in nature that means oxygen is the more electronegative so it contains partial negative and the hydrogen has the partial positive charges. sugar and salt both are hydrophilic in nature means water loving. salt contains ionic bond means molecule have full charges and sugar contain polar bond or polar covalent bond means contains partial charges. salt dissociates in water and forms ion and interact with the partial charges on water. sugar have polar covalent bond and interact with partial charges on the water and dissolve as well.
Thus, Sugar and salt both dissolves in water because both are hydrophilic in nature.
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A sample of 9.30 g of solid calcium hydroxide is added to 34.0 mL of 0.410 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Physical states are optional.
0.612 gram of calcium chloride is produced and excess reactant is 9.19 grams.
The balanced chemical equation is -
[tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] + 2HCl -> [tex] CaCl_{2}[/tex] + 2[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O. The reactants on LHS are calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid while products on RHS are calcium chloride and water.
Calculating the product formed from 9.30 gram of calcium hydroxide
Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 111 gram
Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 74 gram
Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = (9.6 × 111) ÷ 74
Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = 14.38 gram
Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = (34.5/1000) × 0.320 × 111 × (1/2)
Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = 0.612 gram
Since hydrochloric acid is the limiting reagent, it complete consumption will stop the process. Hence, after completion of reaction, 0.612 gram of calcium chloride will be formed.
Initial amount of HCl = (34.5/1000) × 0.320
Initial amount of HCl = 0.0110 moles of HCl
Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.0110 × (1/2)
Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.00552 moles
Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 9.60/74.09
Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 0.1296 moles
Excess reactant = (0.1296 - 0.00552) × 74.09
Excess reactant = 9.19 grams.
The reaction will produce 0.612 grams hydrochloric acid and 9.19 grams of excess reactant.
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The complete question is attached in diagram.
Aniline, is a weak base with kb of 7. 4 × 10-10. Which indicator would be the most appropriate to titrate an aqueous solution of aniline?.
The most appropriate indicator for titrating aqueous aniline solutions is methyl red with a pH of 5.87.
Aniline (a weak base) when titrated with a strong acid will neutralize at a pH of less than 7.
The reaction will be
B + H⁺ → BH⁺ + Cl⁻
BH+ will hydrolyze as:
BH⁺+ H₂O ⇄ B + H₃O⁺
Ka conjugate acid aniline = 10⁻¹⁴/7.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ = 1.35 x 10⁻⁵
pKa = 4.87
Probable pH at the equivalence point = 4.87 + 1.00 = 5.87
The most appropriate indicator is methyl red with a pH equivalent point of 5–6.
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choose the correct chemical formulas for the reactants and the products. the (base hydrolysis) reaction of a fluoride ion in water is:
The correct chemical formulas are as follows -
Reactant - [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] (aq) and F(-) (l)
Product - HF (aq) and OH(-) (aq)
The complete chemical reaction is as follows -
[tex] H_{2}O [/tex] + [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] --> HF + [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex].
In this chemically balanced reaction, [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] is water, [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] is fluorine ion, HF is hydrogen fluoride and [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex] is hydroxyl ion. Also mentioned in answer, the abbreviation aq indicates aqueous and l indicates liquid.
In the mentioned reaction, fluoride ion acts as weak Bronsted-Lowry Base. It means that fluorine ion accepts the hydrogen ion, which is evident by the formation of hydrogen fluoride. The hydroxyl ion formed in the reaction imparts basic character.
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Predict how oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes. a. 2,3-BPG levels are elevated and o b. 1,3-BPG levels are reduced and c. 2,3-BPG levels are elevated and oxy d. 2,3-BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding ou e 2,3-BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increase levels are elevated and oxygen binding decreases to levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases. PG levels are elevated and oxygen binding increases. and oxygen binding decreases
Oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes is 2,3 - BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases.
Oxygen saturation can be defined as the measure of amount of hemoglobin bound with the oxygen and comparted to the amount of hemoglobin unbounded to the oxygen atom. 2,3 BPG allows the hemoglobin to increase the amount of oxygen. 2,3 bpg is 2.3 Bi phospho glycerate. it increases the supply of oxygen to the tissues by hemoglobin binding.
Thus, Oxygen saturation would be affected if an individual has defective hexokinase enzymes is 2,3 - BPG levels are reduced and oxygen binding increases.
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Combusting an unknown hydrocarbon produces 5 mol co₂ and 6 mol h₂o. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?.
The empirical formula of the given hydrocarbon is CH2 .
What is a combustion reaction?
A fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, undergo a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction that results in oxidized, frequently gaseous products and a mixture known as smoke. Since a flame only appears when substances undergoing combustion evaporate, combustion does not always result in fire, but when it does, a flame is a distinctive sign of the event. The heat from a flame may be enough energy to make the reaction self-sustaining, even though the activation energy must be overcome to initiate combustion (such as when using a lit match to start a fire).
A convoluted series of simple radical reactions frequently occurs during combustion.
The given reaction is ,
CH2(g)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+2H2O(I)
Hence, the empirical formula of the given hydrocarbon is CH2 .
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Does it matter what kind of compound you have (ionic/covalent) when you're drawing Lewis Structures? Why or why not?
Yes, because Ionic compounds only have single bonds, but Covalent compounds can have double and triple bonds.
No, there is no difference between Ionic and Covalent bonds.
No, because there is no way to tell the difference between Ionic and Covalent bonds.
Yes, because Covalent compounds have bonds and Ionic compounds don't, and that needs to be represented in the drawing.
Yes, because Ionic compounds only have single bonds, but Covalent compounds can have double and triple bonds.
What is the Lewis structure of ionic and covalent bonds?In Ionic compounds, the Lewis Dot Structure shows how the electrons are being transferred to form ions in the compound. In covalent compounds, the Lewis Dot Structures must show how the electrons are being shared to complete the outermost shell of each atom in the molecule. In Lewis electron structures, we can see bonding pairs, which are shared by two atoms as well as lone pairs which are not shared between two atoms. If both electrons come from the same atom in a covalent bond, the bond is known as a coordinate covalent bond.
So we can conclude that option A is the right answer.
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In 1-2 sentences, WHY do we use density to identify unknown substances?
It enables us to determine which materials will float and which materials will sink when dissolved in a liquid. Density equals mass/volume and does not depend on shape or size, which allows it to be useful in identifying unknown substances.
Hope this helped!
Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl coa molecules. These acetyl groups _____.
The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl CoA molecules and these acetyl groups directly enter the citric acid cycle.
What is beta oxidation?Beta-oxidation is a four-step process, which keeps repeating until the fatty acid is completely broken down. Steps are dehydrogenation, hydration, oxidation, and thiolysis.
Dehydrogenation is catalyzed by Acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase that coverts FAD to FADH2 for the formation of a double bond between C2 and C3.
Beta oxidation of fatty acids takes place inside mitochondria in which two carbon atoms are removed in the form of acetyl-CoA from acyl-CoA at carboxyl terminal. Then the bond is broken between the second beta carbon and the third gamma carbon, hence it is called beta oxidation.
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Connect It: How does the respiratory system, circulatory system and digestive system all work?
The respiratory system brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The circulatory system moves the blood around the body. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs the nutrients.
What is digestive system?
The gastrointestinal tract and additional digestive organs make up the human digestive system (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Food is broken down during digestion into ever-smaller pieces so that they can be absorbed as well as assimilate by the body. The cephalic phase, the gastric phase, as well as the intestinal phase are the three stages of the digestive process. The cephalic phase of digestion starts with gastric gland secretions in response to the smell and sight of food. In this stage, food is mechanically broken down by chewing and chemically broken down in the mouth by digestive enzymes. The salivary as well as serous glands on the tongue secrete the digestive enzymes lingual lipase and amylase, which are found in saliva.
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In the complete activity series, cobalt is below zinc but above tin. Suppose that you wanted to removecobalt ions from a solution. Would you add a strip of tin or zinc to the solution? Explain your answer. Plsssss help meeeeee
To solve such this we must know the concept of displacement reaction. To remove cobalt ions from a solution, we need strip of zinc as zinc is on top of activity series.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, displacement reaction.
In displacement reaction one metal displace the other metal from its compound. The activity series is Zinc >Cobalt>tin. To remove cobalt from a solution, we need a metal which is more reactive than cobalt, which is zinc.
Therefore, to remove cobalt ions from a solution, we need strip of zinc.
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name the 3 types of nitrogenous wastes, identify which has the highest and which has the lowest nitrogen content and if energy is needed to produce it. underline the one associated to fish.
The three types of nitrogenous wastes are urea, ammonia and uric acid. ammonia is high toxic nitrogen waste and uric acid is least toxic nitrogen waste.
What are nitrogenous wastes?
Nitrogenous wastes are those substances which are produced during protein metabolism process.
Proteins are nitrogen containing substances and when metabolism process occurs the extra amount of nitrogen is released from the body in the form of waste.
In animals all these nitrogenous wastes are discharged from the body in different forms.
However, the most common way of discharging these waste products is feces and urine.
Moreover, the nitrogenous waste associated wit fish is ammonia.
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2.28 explain the concept of effective nuclear charge and how it affects atomic radii and ionization energies.
As the effective nuclear charge of an atom increases the atomic radii decreases and the ionization energy increases.
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an single electron in an multi electron atom. The term “effective” is used because of the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons that prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.
So keeping this concept in mind we can say that as the effective nuclear charge on any atom increases the atomic radii or the size of the atom decreases. This is because as the the effective nuclear charge increases the electrons that are present in the orbit are pulled closer to the nucleus, so if the effective nuclear charge is more then the electrons are pulled more towards the nucleus and therefore the size or rhe atomic radii decreases
Now if we talk about the ionization energies, ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outer most electron from the orbit to form the ion. So if the effective nuclear charge is more for an atom then obviously the size of the atom would be less and because of this it will be difficult to remove the outermost electron as it is strongly attracted towards the nucleus. Hence the ionization energy will be more.
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IXL question on velocity and distance i need answer asap
The velocity of Bridgette is 50 kilometers per hour to the east.
What is the velocity of an object?The velocity of an object is the speed that the object is moving in a specified direction.
Velocity is defined as the ratio of the displacement of an object and the time taken.
The displacement of a body is the distance traveled by that body in a specific direction.
Velocity is a vector quantity.
Mathematically;
Velocity = displacement / time
Considering the given question:
Bridgette drove her car 30 kilometers east at a constant velocity; hence, her displacement is 30 Kilometers east.
It took her 0.6 hours to drive that distance; hence, the time take = 0.6 hours.
Velocity = 30 kilometers / 0.6 hours
Velocity = 50 kilometers per hour to the east
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Engineers are evaluating a halogen bulb as a possible solution to lighting a
reading workspace. What criteria might they consider?
Answer:
Factor # 1. Illumination Level: ...
Factor # 2. Uniformity of Illumination: ...
Factor # 3. Colour of Light: ...
Factor # 4. Shadows: ...
Factor # 5. Glare: ...
Factor # 6. Mounting Height: ...
Factor # 7. Spacing of Luminaries: ...
Explanation:
Halogen bulbs are used in working spaces and motor vehicles. To evaluate the working of halogen bulbs engineers has check the gas pressure inside, voltage, weight , life time etc.
What are halogen bulbs?Halogen bulbs are light sources made by halogen gas filled inside. The halogen gas combines with the tungsten vapor inside. Halogen bulbs are efficient in comparison with incandescent bulbs.
Halogen bulbs has higher life time, small and relatively lite weight. Halogen bulbs produces bright white light which is better than the yellowish light of incandescent lights.
The chemical reaction of the halogen cycle is produced when halogen gas and tungsten filament are combined. This reaction can prolong the life and preserve the purity of the bulb.
To evaluate the performance of halogen bulbs, engineers have to check the gas pressures, life time and heat energy released.
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an oxygen atom at a particular site within a dna molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the dna backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo
The oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
The frequency expression is given as :
F = ( 1/ 2π ) × √(k/m)
or F² m = k / 4π²
now. if oxygen atom is replaced by the sulfur atom:
(F² m) oxygen = ( F² m) sulfur
F sulfur = F oxygen × √ (m oxygen / m sulfur)
F sulfur = 3.7 × 10¹³ × √ 16 / 32
F sulfur = 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
Thus, An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the DNA backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur atom the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.
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