Two elements that have the same properties as magnesium are calcium and strontium.
The number of protons in potassium, K = 19
the number of electrons in potassium, K = 19
The number of neutrons in potassium, K = 20
What is the Periodic Table?The Periodic Table is a table that arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells or energy levels.
Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons or outermost shell electrons.
Considering the given data:
The elements in group 1 are sodium, potassium, and rubidium.
The elements in group 2 are magnesium, calcium, and strontium.
The elements in group 3 are scandium and yttrium.
The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons present in an atom of potassium (K) is determined by the atomic number and mass number of potassium.
Atomic number = number of protons
Number of proton = number of electrons in a neutral atom
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
The atomic number of potassium = 19
mass number = 39
number of neutrons = 39 - 19
number of neutrons = 20
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How does wavelength change as frequency increases? Wavelength increases as frequency increases. Wavelength decreases as frequency increases. Wavelength is unaffected as frequency increases. Wavelength increases or decreases depending on how quickly frequency increases.
Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, Wavelength decreases as frequency increases.
What is electromagnetic wave?Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave.
There is a relation between energy of wave. frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave
Mathematically,
E=hc/λ
where,
E = energy of electromagnetic wave
h is planks constant having value 6.67×10⁻³⁴js
c is speed of light that is 3×10⁸m/s
λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave
c/λ = ν= frequency of electromagnetic wave
From above formula we can see frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength.
Therefore, Wavelength decreases as frequency increases.
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Which of the following describes the hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale
The hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale can only be scratched using special equipment.
what are minerals?Minerals are naturally occurring solid materials that can be created from the combination of one or more elements (chemical compounds).
What is hardness in properties of minerals?One of the most helpful characteristics for classifying minerals is their hardness, or capacity to withstand being scraped. The ability of one mineral to scrape another mineral determines how hard something is. it is clear to note that by scratching a mineral against another substance with a known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale, one can determine a mineral's relative resistance to scratching.
what is mohs scale hardness of a mineral?The Mohs Hardness Scale is a practical tool for identifying minerals. When a mineral is scratched against another material with a known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale, its relative resistance to scratching is determined.
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Complete question
Which of the following describes the hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale?
(a) It rubs off your finger.
(b) It can be scratched with a nail.
(c) It can be scratched easily with a penny.
(d) It can only be scratched using special equipment.
Suppose you have 557 mL of 0.0300 mol L-1 HCl, and you want to make up a solution of HCl that has a pH of 1.831. What is the maximum volume (in liters) that you can make from this solution?
The new HCl solution's necessary concentration must be determined: The new HCl solution's necessary concentration must be determined:-log[HCl]=1.831 at pH=1.831, resulting in: [HCl]=10^(-1.831) M=0.01476M
This calls for the following: V x 0.01476M = 0.557litre x 0.0300M; V=[(0.557 x 0.0300)/0.01476] litres; V=1.132 litres; thus, the highest volume of 0.01476M HCl that can be generated from 557ml of 0.0300M HCl is 1.132 litres.
How can you determine how much HCl is in a solution?The dosage of HCL is determined by the base excess, with an equivalent dosage being given.
How can 1000 ml of 0.1 N HCl be made?To make 1000 ml of 0.1 N HCL, dilution of 8.50 ml of HCL with distilled water is required.
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(8 marks)
2. Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by mixing HA with NaA. The buffer contains HA at a
concentration of 0.25 mol L-¹ After 0.20g NaOH is added to 100mL of this buffer, the pH of the
resulting solution is 5.60. The acid-ionization constant of HA is 5.0x106.
(10 marks)
Answer: To calculate the pH of the buffer, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where pKa is the acid-ionization constant of HA, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base (A-) in the solution, and [HA] is the concentration of HA.
First, let's calculate the concentration of A- in the solution after 0.20 g of NaOH is added. The molecular weight of NaOH is 40 g/mol, so the number of moles of NaOH added is 0.20 g / 40 g/mol = 5.0 x 10^-3 mol. The conjugate base of HA is A-, so the number of moles of A- produced is equal to the number of moles of NaOH added. The concentration of A- in the solution is the number of moles of A- divided by the volume of the solution, which is 100 mL = 0.1 L. Therefore, the concentration of A- in the solution is 5.0 x 10^-3 mol / 0.1 L = 5.0 x 10^-2 mol/L.
Next, let's plug these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = 5.0 x 10^6 + log(5.0 x 10^-2 mol/L / 0.25 mol/L)
pH = 5.6
This is the same as the pH of the resulting solution, so our calculation is correct.
3. Copper (II) sulfide (CuS) is formed when 48.2 grams of copper are added to 35.0 grams of
sulfur.
Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
How much product is formed?
How much excess reagent remains?
(9 pts. total / 2 pts. for equation - 4 pts. for stoich - 2 pts. for limiting reagent - 1 pt. for excess
reagent.)
1. The limiting reagent would be sulfur.
3. The amount of product formed would be 34.4 grams
2. The amount of excess copper that remains would be 24.96 grams.
Sotichiometric problemCopper and sulfur react to form copper (II) sulfide according to the following balanced equation:
[tex]Cu + S -- > CuS[/tex]
From the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of copper to sulfur is 1:1.
Recall that, mole = mass/molar mass
Mole of 48.2 grams of copper = 48.2/64
= 0.75 mol
Mole of 35.0 grams of sulfur = 35/98
= 0.36 mol
Since the stoichiometric mole ratio is 1:1, it means that sulfur is the limiting reactant or reagent while copper is in excess.
The excess amount of copper would be: 0.75 - 0.36 = 0.39 mol
Mass of 0.39 mol copper = 0.39 x 64 = 24.96 grams
With sulfur being the limiting reactant, the equivalent amount of CuS formed will be 0.36 mol considering that the mole ratio is 1:1.
Mass of 0.36 mol CuS = 0.36 x 95.6
= 34.4 grams.
In other words, the limiting reactant is sulfur, the amount of product formed is 34.4 grams, and the amount of excess copper is 24.96 grams.
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Match each microscope with the appropriate description.
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
compound light microscope
scanning tunneling microscope
has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times
has a magnification of 100,000 times or
produces a three-dimensional image
maps atoms on the surface of an object
Compound light microscope has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times
Transmission electron microscope produces a three-dimensional image
Scanning electron microscope has a magnification of 100,000 times
Scanning tunneling microscope maps atoms on the surface of an object
What are microscopes?A microscope can be described as a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the na-ked eye.
The importance of microscopes can not be over-emphasized as they have opened up a whole new dimension in the science world. With the use of microscopes, scientists were able to discover the
existence of microorganisms, study the structure of cells, and see the smallest parts of plants, animals, and fungi.Compound light microscopes typically provide magnification in the range of 40-1000 times, and are used to view small samples that can not be identified with the nak-ed eye.
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In order to produce sp3 hybrid orbitals, ________ s atomic orbital(s) and ________ p atomic orbital(s) must be mixed.
In order to produce sp3 hybrid orbitals, 1s atomic orbital(s) and 3p atomic orbital(s) must be mixed.
1 s, 3 p and 1 d orbitals of approximately the same energy intermix to produce sp³ hybrid orbitals and are used to create 5 identical or degenerate hybrid orbitals. These orbitals forms a trigonal bipyramidal symmetry by arranging themselves. In trigonal bipyramidal three orbitals are arranged in a trigonal plane and the other two orbitals are arranged up/down the trigonal plane at right angles.
For example, formation of PCl₅ requires five unpaired electron, the phosphorus atom was excited and one electron from the 3s filled one of the vacant 3d orbitals.
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The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 23.5 g of sodium upon decomposition. How much fluorine was formed?
19.42g of fluorine is produced upon decomposition of sodium fluoride.
What is mass ratio?The mass of a given substance is converted to moles using the molar mass of this substance in the periodic table. Moles of a given substance are then converted to moles of an unknown substance using the molar ratios from the balanced chemical formulas.
Mass ratio is defined as the percentage composition of the masses of elements in a molecule or compound. A compound always has a defined mass fraction of the corresponding element.
Mass ratio of sodium to fluorine = 1.21:1
If the mass of sodium fluoride produced is 23.5 g
Using dimensional Analysis,
(23.5g of sodium/sodium fluoride)×(1 g of Fluorine/1.21 g of sodium)
= 19.42g(g of fluorine/g of sodium fluoride)
Mass of fluorine produced = 19.42g
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Calculate the cell potential for the galvanic cell in which the given reaction occurs at 25 °C, given that [Sn2+]=0.0610 M , [Fe3+]=0.0389 M , [Sn4+]=0.00744 M , and [Fe2+]=0.01196 M . Standard reduction potentials can be found in this table.
Sn2+(aq)+2Fe3+(aq)↽−−⇀ Sn4+(aq)+2Fe2+(aq)
The cell potential of the system is obtained as 0.66 V.
What is the cell potential?We know that we can be able to make use the table of the standard potentials so as to be able to obtain the cell potentials under standard conditions.
We have that;
The standard cell potential can be obtained as;
Cell potential of the cathode - Cell potential of the anode
0.77 V - 0.15 V
= 0.62 V
By the Nernst equation;
E = E° - 0.0592/n log Q
E = cell potential under the given conditions
n = Number of electrons transferred
E° = standard cell potential
Q = reaction quotient
Then;
Q = [0.00744] [0.01196]/[0.0610] [0.0389]
= 8.9 * 10^-5/2.4 * 10^-3
= 3.7 * 10^-2
Thus;
E = 0.62 - 0.0592/2 log (3.7 * 10^-2)
E = 0.66 V
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Can anyone help me with this :(
Does this mutation affect the protein produced? Explain
What process creates mRNA?
Answer:
Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all./:mRNA is created during transcription. During the transcription process, a single strand of DNA is decoded by RNA polymerase, and mRNA is synthesized. Physically, mRNA is a strand of nucleotides known as ribonucleic acid, and is single-stranded.
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A scientist is testing milk for the presence of bacteria. Exactly 25 milliliters of a test solution
must be added to each milk sample. Which of these instruments would most accurately measure
the volume of the test solution?
250ml
-250
-200
-150
-100
50
The test solution's volume is most precisely measured using a graduated cylinder.
What are mass and volume?A three-dimensional object's volume is the area it takes up, and it is expressed in cubic units. Cm3 and in3 are two instances of cubic units. The amount of matter in an item may be estimated by its mass, on the other hand. The weight of an object is a typical way to determine mass (in units like pounds or kilograms).
What does water volume mean?Water has a capacity of one cubic centimeter per milliliter (1 mL) (1cm3). The dimensions and weights of certain atoms differ. The amount of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the sequence in which specific atoms appear on the periodic table.
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Given: S03(g) + H20(1) -> H2SO4(1); AH° = -130. kJ
determine AH° for the following thermochemical equation.
5H2S04(1) -> 5S03(8) + 5H20(1)
Considering the definition of enthalpy of reaction, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 650 kJ.
Enthalpy of reactionThe enthalpy of a chemical reaction as the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction when it occurs at constant pressure. That is, the heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction.
Enthalpy in this caseIn this case you want to calculate the enthalpy change of:
5 H₂SO₄ → 5 SO₃ + 5 H₂O
You know the following reaction, with his corresponding enthalpie:
SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ ΔH = –130 kJ
To obtain the enthalpy of the desired chemical reaction you need 5 moles of H₂SO₄ on reactant side. The given equation has 1 mole of H₂SO₄ on the product side, soit is necessary to locate it on the reactant side (invert it) and multiply it by 5.
When an equation is inverted, the sign of delta H also changes. And since enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present, since the equation is multiply by 2, the variation of enthalpy also.
In summary, you know that the enthalpy change is 650 kJ.
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The relationship between level of economic development and environmental pollution is such that industrial emissions are_____
The relationship between level of economic development and environmental pollution is such that industrial emissions are directly proportional to the level of economic development.
So, as economic development increases, so does the level of industrial emissions and pollution. This is because economic development leads to more factories, transportation and energy production, all of which contribute to environmental pollution.
What are the factors that influence the level of economic development and environmental pollution?Population size: A larger population can increase economic development, but it can also lead to more environmental pollution.Technology: Advanced technology can increase economic development but can also lead to more emissions of pollutants.Government policies: Government policies can influence the level of economic development and environmental pollution. For example, policies that focus on promoting renewable energy sources and reducing emissions can help reduce pollution.Economic structure: The type and level of economic development in a country can influence the level of pollution. For example, industrialized countries usually produce more pollution than countries with a more agrarian economy.Natural resources: For example, countries that have access to abundant natural resources can use them to produce more goods and services, which can lead to more economic development and pollution.Learn more about level of economic development and environmental:
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Balance the equation below to show the relationship between gehlenite (Ca Alysio,) and its component metal and semimetal oxides. 1st attempt See Periodic Table Seeh Balance the equation by adding the appropriate coefficients I CAO ) A10, sio, ChAlso,
To make sure that all of the atoms in the following equation are balanced, we must multiply CaO by a coefficient of 2.
2CaO+Al2O3+SiO2---->Ca2Al2Si O7
What are a few illustrations of oxides?atomic oxygen: One example of a neutral oxide is water. There is no acid or base in water. Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide are more instances of neutral oxides. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur trioxide, chlorine oxides, etc. are some examples of acidic oxides.
Gold is it an oxide?Because gold is the least metalloid, it is not found naturally as an oxide. It does not interact with atmospheric oxygen in any way, hence it cannot be called an oxide.
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Calculate the density of air at exactly 35°C and 1.00 atm (assuming that air is 80.0 percent N2 and 20.0 percent O2).
The density of air at exactly 35°C and 1.00 atm assuming that air is 80.0 percent N₂ and 20.0 percent O₂ is 1.139 g/L
How do I determine the density of the air?We'll begin by obtaining the average atomic mass of the air. This can be obtained as follow:
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/molAbundance of N₂ = 80%Molar mass of O₂ = 32 g/molAverage atomic mass of air =?Average atomic mass of air = (Molar mass of N₂ × abundance) + (Molar mass of O₂ × abundance)
Average atomic mass of air = (28 × 80%) + (32 × 20%)
Average atomic mass of air = 28.8 amu
Finally, we shall determine the density of the air. This is illustrated below:
Temperature (T) = 35 °C = 35 + 273 = 308 KPressure (P) = 1 atmGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Average atomic mass of air (M) = 28.8 amuDensity =?Density = PM / RT
Density = (1 × 28.8) / ( 0.0821 × 308)
Density = 1.139 g/L
Thus, the density of the air is 1.139 g/L
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Why is it important that we change only one factor when conducting an experiment?
Changing only one factor in an experiment is important because it allows you to isolate the effects of that particular factor on the outcome of the experiment. This makes it easier to identify the relationship between the factor you are testing and the outcome, and to draw conclusions about cause and effect. If you change multiple factors at the same time, it can be difficult to determine which factor is responsible for any changes you observe in the outcome, and your results may be less reliable. By keeping all other factors constant and only changing the one factor you are interested in, you can more accurately determine the effect of that factor on the outcome of the experiment.
Answer: If you change multiple factors in an experiment, then you wouldn't know which factor is responsible for any changes.
Explanation:
If something changes when you change only one factor in an experiment, then you can easily note down the cause of said change.
State amagat's law of combining volume. It mathematical and graphical representation
As long as the temperature T and pressure p stay constant, Amagat's equation asserts that the extensive volume V = Nv of a gas mixture equals the total of volumes Vi of the K component gases:: N v ( T , p ) = ∑ i = 1 K N i v i ( T , p ) .
What does the Amagat Law state?According to Amagat's law of partial volumes, the sum of the partial volumes that each gas would occupy if it existed alone at the mixture's temperature and pressure makes up the entire volume of a gas mixture.
What exactly is Amagat's partial volume law?According to Amagat's law of partial volumes, a mixture's volume is equal to the total of its component parts' partial volumes.
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Complete the reactions below for the extraction of elemental potassium and rubidium. + KCl(l) reversiblearrow + K(g) Ca(s) + 2 reversiblearrow 2 +CaCl_2(s) Select the type of reaction that is represented above. O Addition O Double displacement O Reduction O Decomposition
The correct answer is:
b. double displacement
The complete equation for extraction of elemental potassium is
2KCl (l)+ Ca (s) -> 2K (g) + CaCl2 (s)
In a double displacement reaction, ions of two compounds exchange partners to form two new compounds. Potassium ions in potassium chloride exchange with calcium ions in calcium chloride to form potassium and calcium chloride.
The equation for the double shift reaction above can be written as
KCl(l) + Ca(s) --- -> K(g) + CaCl2(s)
To balance the equation, add 2 as coefficient of KCl (l) to balance the chloride atoms.
now potassium is unbalanced so we add a coefficient of 2 on the K(g) to balance potassium atoms.
The final equation is:
2KCl(l) + Ca(s) -----> 2K(g) + CaCl2(s)
This equation shows that when potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium (Ca) combine, they react to produce potassium gas (K) and calcium chloride (CaCl2).
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what is the advantage of periodic table
Answer: It is easier to remember the properties of an element if its position in the periodic table is known.
Explanation:
A quantity of nitrogen gas is enclosed in a tightly stoppered 500 mL flask at room temperature (20.0 °C) and 0.836 atm pressure. The flask is then heated to 680 °C. If the flask can withstand pressures up to 3 atm, will it explode under this heating? (In other words, what is the final pressure?). Remember to convert between °C and K.
Will the flask explode if the pressure is less than 3 atm if it can tolerate pressures up to that level.
Is nitrogen beneficial to the body?To create the proteins found in your muscles, skin, blood, hair, nails, and DNA, your body needs nitrogen. According the Royal Society of Chemistry, your diet's protein-containing foods are where you get your nitrogen. Meat, fish, beans, nuts, eggs, milk, and other dairy items are some of these foods. Nitrogen exposure is hazardous because it can displace oxygen and induce asphyxia.
Briefing:The formula below is used to determine the pressure at a given temperature for a given volume of nitrogen gas:
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
where;
Initial pressure is P1.
Initial temperature is T1.
Final pressure is P2.
T2 is the final temperature.
P2 solution
P₂ = P₁ * T₂ / T₁
P₂ = 0.836 * (680 + 273) / (20 + 273)
P₂ = 2.72 atm =3atm
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Experiment by hanging your first object (object 1) on the hook. Hold on to the cardboard, and position the cardboard and string so the object dangles just off the edge of the table. Then let go of the cardboard. If it moves, stop it when it reaches the edge of the table. Repeat the steps by replacing object 1 with object 2 on the hook. Finally, hang object 1 and object 2 together on the hook and repeat the steps. What do you observe when you hang different objects from the hook? What happens when two or more objects are on the hook together?
Answer:
makes now sense
Explanation:
I need it ASAP thank you
The classification of given substances is as follows:
Ag is the Atomic element.
F₂ is the Molecular element.
CO is the Molecular compound.
PbI₄ is the Ionic compound.
What are ionic compounds?Crystalline solids are formed by tightly packed ions of opposite charge. Ionic compounds are usually formed when metals react with non-metals. Elements can gain or lose electrons to reach the next noble gas configuration. The formation of ions (by gaining or losing electrons) to complete octets helps them stabilize.
In reactions between metals and nonmetals, metals generally lose electrons to complete octets, while nonmetals gain electrons to complete octets. Metals and non-metals generally.
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Is electric current responsible for creating magnetic fields?
Hello,
I hope you and your family are doing well!
Yes, electric current is responsible for creating magnetic fields.
Explanation:
According to the principles of electromagnetism, a moving electric charge creates a magnetic field around it. The magnitude of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the strength of the electric current and the distance from the current. This is why electric current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field is determined by the direction of the electric current and the right-hand rule.
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If the replacement of a Blank in the DNA sequence results in Blank with a codon that codes for Blank amino acid, then the order of the amino acids is affected.
If the replacement of a base in the DNA sequence results in mRNA with a codon that codes for a different amino acid, then the order of the amino acids is affected.
What is DNA?DNA is an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid and it can be defined as a group of molecules that are found within cells and they are saddled with the responsibility of storing genetic information in all living organisms.
What is translation?In Genetics, translation can be defined as a cellular process through which a genetic code from a sequence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule is decoded or translated to a specific sequence of amino acids, during the synthesis of protein.
Additionally, a codon simply refers to a sequence of three (3) consecutive nucleotides that act as a genetic unit of life and it is used as a template for the amino acid synthesis which is generally required for protein expression in living organisms.
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Density is a common physical property of substances that can give insight into the structure of the substance on the atom or molecular level. You are a geologist and have discovered a mineral sample that needed identifying. The first method of choice is the density of the sample. You want to find the volume by water displacement, so you lower the sample into a graduated cylinder with an initial volume of water of 26.90 mL. The volume of water rises to 43.70 mL. You also mass the sample and determine it to be 25.10 g. From this information determine the density of the mineral sample. Use the correct number of significant figures in your answer and include units. Your Answer: Answer units
The density of the mineral sample using correct number of significant figures is 1.494g/mL
Density is the mass of matter per unit volume. Density is a standard mechanical quantity. The most common symbol for density is ρ, but the Latin letter D can also be used.
Formula
ρ =[tex]{\frac {m}{V}}[/tex]
ρ = density
m = mass
V = volume
Mass of the sample = 25.10 g
Volume of the sample = volume of water displaced by the sample
= (43.70 - 26.90) mL
= 16.80 mL
Density = mass / volume
= 25.10 g / 16.80 mL
= 1.045 g/mL
Hence, the density of the mineral sample = 1.494 g/mL
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In this experiment, you will prepare a standard solution for a calibration curve for the formation of FeSCN2 complex by reaction different volumes of 0.002M Fe(NO,), and 0.002 M NaSCN. You will use 0.1M HNO, for all dilutions. Using the table, Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of FeSCN2+ Vol of Fe Vol of SCN 0.1 M HNO3 (mL) Equilibrium (mL) 10.00 10.00 concentration Fe[SCN] (mL) 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 5.00 10.00 Experiment 12 Le Chatelier's Principle: Chemical Equilibrium and Determination of Equilibrium Constant: Pre-Lab
It is possible to calculate the equilibrium constant and shift in equilibrium position of a chemical process under stress.
What is the guiding philosophy of Le Chatelier, and why is it significant?The position of the equilibrium in a chemical reaction can be predicted with the aid of Le Chatelier's Principle in response to changes in temperature, concentration, or pressure. This is crucial, especially for industrial applications where it's crucial to predict and maximize yields.
Where can the Le Chatelier principle be used?An illustration of how Le Chatelier's concept can be used to forecast how concentrations will change in response to various perturbations Examples include altering the size of the reaction vessel, altering the quantity of solid product, using inert gas, and including a catalyst.
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What human activity is the primary of acid rain?
Answer:
Power plants - sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides when they burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to produce electricity.
- The exhaust from cars, trucks, and buses releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air.
Explanation:
Consider the following reaction: 4 NH3(g) + 5 O₂(g) — 6 H₂O(g) + 4 NO(g) Calculate AG at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g). State whether or not the reaction is spontaneous at these conditions. **AG° values can be found in textbook appendix** O-929 kJ/mol; spontaneous -929 kJ/mol; nonspontaneous O 929 kJ/mol; spontaneous 929 kJ/mol; nonspontaneous
To calculate the AG for the reaction at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g), you can use the following equation:
AG = ∑nG°(products) - ∑nG°(reactants)
where ∑n is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products, and G° is the standard Gibbs free energy of the species.
The standard Gibbs free energy of a species can be calculated using the following equation:
G° = G°(298 K) + RTln[P/P°]
where G°(298 K) is the standard Gibbs free energy of the species at 298 K, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T is the temperature in kelvins, P is the pressure of the species, and P° is the standard pressure (1 bar).
Plugging in the values, we get:
AG = (6 H₂O + 4 NO - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂)
= (6 H₂O - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂ + 4 NO)
= (6 H₂O - 4 NH₃ + 4 NO - 5 O₂)
= (6 H₂O + 4 NO - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂)
= 6 G°(H₂O) + 4 G°(NO) - 4 G°(NH₃) - 5 G°(O₂)
= 6(-242.2 kJ/mol) + 4(-90.3 kJ/mol) - 4(-45.9 kJ/mol) - 5(-497.1 kJ/mol)
= (-1453.2 kJ/mol)
Therefore, AG for the reaction at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g) is -1453.2 kJ/mol.
Since AG is negative, the reaction
Which is true regarding the following reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of Kl(aq) and Pb(NO3)2(aq) are mixed? 2 Kl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -> 2 KNO3(aq)+ PbI2(S) I. I is a spectator ion
II. NO3, is a spectator ion III. Pbl2 precipitates IV. KNO3, precipitates O A. I and II B. I and III
C. I and IV D. II and III
E. II and IV
(D. II and III) A precipitate of PbI2 will form near the center of dish. The potassium (K+) and nitrate ions (NO3-) are considered "spectators" because both are present but neither participate in the reaction.
What ions are always spectator ions?Compare the solutions before and after the reaction, sodium and nitrate ions should present in both solutions. They do not undergo any chemical change. These ions are called spectator ions as they don't participate in the chemical reaction.
Are spectator ions always soluble?Itty rules is always soluble. Therefore, it will always be a spectator ion, ,which is ammonia young. According to, Itty rules always makes the compound soluble, so it will always also serve as a spectator ion.
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Your lab has a 50 X TAE stock solution. You are asked to prepare 30.0 mL of a 1X working solution. How many milliliters of the 50 X stock solution do you need to mix with deionized water to make 30.0 mL of a 1X solution?
What volume of water is needed?
amount of TAE stock solution?
0.6 ml volume of water is needed to make the stock solution.
What is stock solution?A stock solution is made by weighing out the right amount of a pure solid or measuring out the right amount of a pure liquid, adding it to an appropriate flask, and diluting it to a specified volume. The precise method of measuring the reagent is determined by the intended concentration unit.
Given that,
In lab 50 X TAE stock solution is present.
Thus, C₁ = 50 X
prepare 30.0 mL of a 1X working solution.
So, C₂ = 1 X
V₂ = 30.0 ml.
As we know,
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
(50 X) × V₁ = (1 X) × (30.0 ml)
V₁ = [(1 X) × (30.0 ml)] / 50 X
V₁ = 0.6 ml.
Thus, 0.6 ml volume of water is needed.
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