How can you test the idea that solar energy is required for the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH?
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Answer:
In addition to biology, evidence drawn from many different disciplines, including chemistry, geology, and mathematics, supports models of the origin of life on Earth. In order to determine when the first forms of life likely formed, the rate of radioactive decay can be used to determine the age of the oldest rocks (see optional problems C and D, below) exposed on Earth’s surface. These are found to be approximately 3.5 billion years old. The age of rocks can be correlated to fossils of the earliest forms of life. A. The graph compares times of divergence from the last common ancestor based on the fossil record with a "molecular time" constructed by comparing sequences of conserved proteins to determine a mutation rate (after Hedges and Kumar, Trends in Genetics, 2003). Explain how such a molecular clock could be refined to infer time or the evolution of prokaryotes. B. Using a molecular clock constructed from 32 conserved proteins, Hedges and colleagues (Battistuzzi et al., BMC Evol. Biol. 2004) estimated the times during which key biological processes evolved. A diagram based on their work is shown. Connect the time of the origin of life inferred from this diagram with the age of the oldest fossil stromatolites and the age of the oldest exposed rock to show how evidence from different scientific disciplines provides support for the concept of evolution. Evaluate the legitimacy of claims drawn from these different disciplines (biology, geology, and mathematics) regarding the origin of life on Earth. The oldest known rocks are exposed at three locations: Greenland, Australia, and Swaziland. The following application of mathematical methods provides essential evidence of the minimum age of Earth.
Explanation:
Related Questions
Michelle and George are studying the forces and motion of a 0.8-kg low friction cart on a horizontal table. They use a spring scale to exert different amounts of horizontal pulling force on the cart and measure the acceleration of the cart for each pulling force. The measurements of each set of pulling force and acceleration are displayed in the table below. If friction is much weaker than the pulling force, which of the following is the best fit for the missing pulling force in the table?
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The cart experiences no motion when there is 0.1 N of horizontal force, so F=0 in this case. When one uses Newton's Second Law to find the acceleration caused by each force, it becomes clear that every row in the chart represents a horizontal force of approximately F=20 N. The best fit for the missing value is F=-30N.
Which is required for both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?
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Answer:
However, in anaerobic respiration short term needs of energy are fulfilled by breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen and small amounts of energy in the form of 2 molecules of ATP are released. Therefore, glucose is required for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.What is the smallest family in the phylum Aves?
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The smallest family in the phylum Aves is the bird family.
What is Phylum?Phylum may be defined as a prevalent taxonomic classification that classifies above class and below kingdom, identical to the division in botany.
The phylum Aves are generally adapted to fly. Hence, it consists of birds or organisms who have the ability to fly in the environment and are classified into this category with a lot of exceptions like bats which belong to mammals.
Therefore, the smallest family in the phylum Aves is the bird family.
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You have recently identified a new toxin. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin
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Based on the characteristics above, this toxin can be categorized as EXOTOXIN. These toxins (exotoxins) are produced by different types of bacteria.
Exotoxins are a broad category of proteins produced by bacteria that enter host cells in order to alter their physiological properties.
These toxins (exotoxins) can be secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria.
Examples of exotoxins include botulinum toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, tetanospasmin toxin secreted by Clostridium tetani bacteria, etc.
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How did the floating rubber ducks get from the coast of Japan all the way across the Pacific Ocean to Canada and Alaska?
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Answer:
id say the tides, but i dont know your answer choices. If you post them i could help more.
Explanation:
explain why a fungus is not classified as a plant
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Answer:
Today, fungi are no longer classified as plants. ... For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make their own food. These are just a few of the reasons fungi are now placed in their own kingdom
Explanation:
Answer:
Because it's not
Explanation:
Fungus is not part of the plant kingdom but, it's classified as a organism due to how it can reproduce and spread rapidly.
Help, needed. Its for a grade and im confused.
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Answer:
Point Y
Explanation:
When the ball has the greatest potential energy, it has the most movement/it's at it's fastest. You can easily figure out these questions usually by picking the point that is lowest on these ramps. If two points are at the same level, pick the point that leads from the ball going down the steepest ramp.
Answer:
Point Y
Explanation:
The term that describes when an enzyme loses shape and function.
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Answer:
Denature
Explanation:
Denature
Answer:
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst. The catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes. Enzymes are usually proteins, though some ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules act as enzymes too.
ExplanatioEnzymes perform the critical task of lowering a reaction's activation energy—that is, the amount of energy that must be put in for the reaction to begin. Enzymes work by binding to reactant molecules and holding them in such a way that the chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming processes take place more readily.
Reaction coordinate diagram showing the course of a reaction with and without a catalyst. With the catalyst, the activation energy is lower than without. However, the catalyst does not change the ∆G for the reaction.
Active sites and substrate specificity
To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. These molecules are the enzyme's substrates.
In some reactions, one substrate is broken down into multiple products. In others, two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces. In fact, whatever type of biological reaction you can think of, there is probably an enzyme to speed it up!
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site (since that’s where the catalytic “action” happens
Explain why the amount of water on Earth remains relatively constant?
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Answer:
because science
Explanation:
The Sun provides the energy to power the water cycle. When water changes state in the water cycle, the total number of water particles remains the same. The changes of state include melting, sublimation, evaporation, freezing, condensation, and deposition.
Is bacteria multicellular organisms
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Answer: No
Explanation:
Bacteria are usually unicellular organisms (prokaryotic).
help what's the answer
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Answer:
Option A
The function of digestive system is to breakdown food into glucose.
what route does a red blood cell take to travel from the lung to the kidney
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Answer:
aorta
Explanation:
the red blood cell goes into the kidney trunk and other lower limbs delivering oxygenated blood around the body. They typically last for 120
days before they die.
The blood enters the heart from left atrium. It leaves through the mitral valve into the left ventricle of the heart. The left ventricle then pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta that feeds the rest of the body through a system of blood vessels.
What is function of lungs?The lungs allow us to breathe and they carry oxygen into body (called inhalation) and pass carbon dioxide out called exhalation.
Kidney remove toxins and waste, and excess water from the bloodstream, which is carried out of the body in the form of urine. They helped to produce hormones to form red blood cells, and they turn vitamin D into its active form in the body.
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A dichotomous key uses
inferences.
DNA sequences.
subjective descriptions.
observable characteristics.
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Answer:
Explanation:,jkh,gf nvcbnhjm,uky7gti6drhfxcgnbhyjmu,iop'9u08[y7pt6of75rijmh
which organism is unicellular bacteria mushroom a jellyfish tree
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Answer:
mushroom. don't mind this part
Explanation:
I just know
facts about cellulose (multiple choice)
a) it is a long chain
b) it is also called fiber
c) it is made of amino acids
d) it is indigestible by humans
e) it is made by plants
f) it is a subunit of fats and oils
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Answer:
a maybe correct me if im wrong
copies of dna segments from one part of a genome that have been inserted somewhere else are called
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Answer:
recombinant DNA molecules
Explanation:
Pls give brainliest!
copies of DNA segments from one part of a genome that have been inserted somewhere else are called as recombinant DNA
What is recombinant DNA ?
Recombinant DNA are the molecule which has been modified to include genes from different origin by the process of either genetic recombination or through laboratory techniques.
In the lab condition, bacteria can be transformed with recombinant DNA and Genetic recombination occurs via crossing over.
scientists use this recombinant DNA technology created to add to the genome of another organism which means that scientists can easily add genes from one species into bacteria for the production of the product.
For example, insulin is produced by recombinant DNA technology within bacteria where human insulin gene is inserted into a plasmid, then introduced to a bacterial cell, followed by the production of insulin by bacteria cell.
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What step ends translation?
A. addition of an amino acid into the growing peptide chain
B. separation of mRNA from the ribosome when a stop codon is reached
C. detachment of tRNAs from the ribosome
D. connection of tRNA anticodons with codons on mRNA
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Answer:
addition of amino acid into the growing peptide chain
The geosphere gives the planet the mass it needs to keep the atmosphere from escaping into space
it’s a true or false question.
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why do tropical rainforest ecosystems have the highest productivity
check all that apply
1.A lot of light
2. A lot of water
3. A lot of photosynthetic organism
4. A lot of organism that carry out cellular respiration
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Answer:
i think its all of them
Explanation:
_____ is the process by which energy is stored in inorganic molecules is used to produce carbohydrate food molecules
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Answer:
Chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis is used to produce food using the chemical energy stored in inorganic molecules.
that is the answer
Photosynthesis is the process by which energy stored in inorganic molecules is used to produce carbohydrate food molecules.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the primary process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria capture and store energy from the sun.
During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by pigment molecules in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the plant as a source of energy and is also stored as a carbohydrate reserve. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
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what is the name of the largest organ in the human body?
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The skin is the body's largest organ.
slurring words together at a low level of volume and pitch is called
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Which of the following BEST describes the length of days in Australia when the Earth and sun are positioned as shown in January in the diagram above?
long days.
continual daylight.
short days.
continual darkness.
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Answer:
B is the answer
Explanation:
continual daylight
In the given image it is showing long days. The correct option is A.
What is the relation between day and night?The Earth orbits the sun once every 365 days and rotates once every 24 hours on its axis.
Day and night are caused by the Earth rotating on its axis rather than by its orbit around the sun.
The term "one day" refers to the time it takes the Earth to rotate once on its axis and includes both day and night time.
A day is roughly the time it takes for the Earth to rotate or for other large astronomical objects to rotate.
The number of daylight hours we have depends on our latitude and how the Earth orbits the sun.
The axis of rotation of the Earth is tilted relative to its orbital plane and always points in the same direction means toward the North Star.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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what four pathways are involved in the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?
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which muscle functions in extensions of the digits of the hand?
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Extensor Digitorum:
The extensor digitorum is the main extensor of the fingers. Attachments: Originates from the humerus, splitting into four tendons at the wrist which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the digits. Actions: Extends fingers.
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Bye and don’t forget I’m proud of you!<3
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!! 50 POINTS!!!!
Answers
Answer:
MAJOR SPERES 1. SPERE INTERACTION 2. AND THE OTHER ONE 3.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Explanation:
The school cross country team is preparing for its state meet. The night before the meet the coach advises the team to eat a meal that will be a
good source of quick energy to run the race. Which macromolecule should they consume the most of?
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Answer:
Protein
Explanation:
Os pavões são animais orgulhosos?
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Answer:
peacocks are proud animals say
Explanation:
Help on 4 12 and 16 please biology crossword
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Answer:
4 - protein
12 - i have no idea
16- lower (and 14 would be competitive inhibitors)
Explanation:
What are the building blocks of all organisms?
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Answer:
cells
Explanation:
all living things are made up of cells