Their are various adaptation that helps snail to defend from predators that include cryptic coloration , thickened outer shell . They also produces mucous and irritating smells . They have quick hiding and withdrawal behaviors.
In general ,snails have a hard exoskeleton usually formed from crystalline calcium carbonate. these shells helps to protect snails from predators and some time extreme temperature. In addition they can also help with the defence against nematodes. These shells have many different structures like the one with spiral shapes helps for better hiding from predators .
Snails are also capable of regenerating the broken shell which is also an adaptation strategy .
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The cremaster muscle helps maintain testicular temperature. What does the action of this muscle suggest about how it is controlled
The cremaster muscle is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, and it is activated during times of stress or physical activity. The action of the cremaster muscle, which helps maintain testicular temperature, suggests that it is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system to respond to changes in the body's internal and external environment. Specifically, when the body is under stress, the sympathetic nervous system will cause the cremaster muscle to contract, drawing the testicles closer to the body and increasing their temperature. This is thought to help protect the sperm from damage due to changes in temperature. Conversely, when the body is at rest or in a relaxed state, the cremaster muscle relaxes, allowing the testicles to hang away from the body and decrease in temperature, which is optimal for sperm production.
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what system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
To obtain oxygen into the blood, its blood supply (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from of the heart to the lungs. Oxygen-depleted blood is returned to the heart through veins to restart circulation.
The respiratory system is supported by the circulatory system, that carries blood from and into the lungs. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood arteries. The circulatory system assists in moving nutrients and oxygen through the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Additionally, it aids in the removal of trash and carbon dioxide. The portion of the airway that extends below the larynx is known as the trachea (windpipe) (LAIR-inks). To keep the trachea (TRAY-kee-uh) open, its walls are lined with hard cartilage rings. Cilia that border the trachea move fluids and other objects out of the airway to prevent them from entering the lungs.
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What would be the most likely cause of this genetic variation?
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift.
The changes which occur in the genetic sequence of the DNA of an individual are known as genetic variations. They play a very important role in the bringing about evolution and increasing the survival rate of organisms.
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift. Genetic drift is a shift in the allelic frequency of a population which occurs due to a random chance. Random mating is the mating between two individuals which is not dictated by any social or genetic preference and genetic mutations are the change in the sequence of the DNA which might occur due to exposure to UV rays, chemicals or some errors in replication.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"What are the most likely causes of genetic variation?"--
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Scientific studies have proved that properly placed dental sealants are _____ effective in protecting development of cavities in sealed tooth surfaces.
Scientific studies have proved that properly placed dental sealants are highly effective in protecting the development of cavities in sealed tooth surfaces.
A dental sealant is a thin plastic coating that is applied to the chewing surface of molars, premolars, and any deep grooves (called pits and fissures) of teeth. The sealant acts as a barrier, protecting the teeth from decay-causing bacteria.
The process of applying dental sealants is simple and painless. The tooth surface is first cleaned, and then the sealant is applied. The sealant hardens and bonds directly to the enamel of the tooth, creating a protective shield. This shield acts like a wall, preventing tooth decay-causing bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth.
Studies have shown that dental sealants reduce the risk of cavities by 82 percent in sealed tooth surfaces. This is due to the fact that the sealant prevents bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth and attacking the enamel. The sealant also helps prevent food particles from becoming trapped in the grooves, which further reduces the risk of tooth decay.
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How are proteases activated in the stomach and small intestine?
The proteases are activated by the pH that changes in the stomach and small intestine.
Proteases are the proteins that have the ability to cleave the peptide bonds present in the proteins. The proteases are very important part of the digestive system as they are major forces that make protein digestible and amenable to assimilation. The protease are secreted with the digestive enzymes the are produced in the stomach and small intestine predominantly. The proteases are produced in the inactive form so that they cannot digest the cell that are producing them. In order to become active they need special condition such as pH for their activation.
So, pH is the major activating condition for the proteases, in addition to it there are special protein that act on inactivated protease to make them active.
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A kidney demonstrating coarse asymmetric renal corticomedullary scarring, deformity of the renal pelvis and calyces, interstitial fibrosis, and atrophic tubules containing eosinophilic proteinaceous casts is most suggestive of:
The findings described are most suggestive of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is a condition where the kidneys become unable to filter blood as efficiently as they normally would, leading to a buildup of waste products in the body.
CKD can be caused by a variety of different factors, including long-term exposure to toxins, certain medications, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney illness can cause atrophic tubules filled with eosinophilic proteinaceous casts, asymmetric corticomedullary scarring, distortion of the renal pelvis and calyces, and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney.
These findings suggest that the kidney is not functioning properly, and that there has been long-term damage to the organ. The specific cause of the CKD can only be determined after further testing. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and the severity, but may include medications, lifestyle changes, and dialysis.
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What are some evidences that support evolution?
some evidences that support evolution are: anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, fossils, & direct observation. Genes, which are passed from parent to kid during reproduction, express themselves in these traits.
Evolution is the gradual change in the hereditary characteristics of biological populations over many generations. Genetic recombination and mutation are the usual causes of variation within a population. Genetic drift and natural selection, two evolutionary processes that might lead to particular traits becoming more or less dominant in a population, are likely to occur in this variation. This is how evolution works. Heritable traits emerge over multiple generations in response to shifting evolutionary factors that determine whether a trait is prevalent or rare within a population.
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What are the important functions of the respiratory system?
Answer:The important functions of the respiratory system are to provide oxygen to the body's cells, remove carbon dioxide from the body, and regulate the pH of the body's fluids. Additionally, the respiratory system helps to regulate body temperature, filter out airborne particles, and produce vocal sounds.
Explanation:
Is substitution a missense or nonsense?
Substitution is an example of missense mutation.
Substitution is considered as a type of mutation in which their is a replacement of one nucleotide with different nucleotide. It can also be defined as the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with totally different amino acid.
In general, missense mutation takes place when there is a fault in the DNA code and as a result that one of the DNA base pairs is changed, for example, A is swapped for C. This change in the DNA sequence due to Substitution results in change means that the DNA now encodes for a different amino acid. One kind of substitution mutation is called a point mutation, that occurs which a single nucleotide is substituted.
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explain the characteristics of living things
Living things have a number of characteristics that set them apart from nonliving things. These characteristics include Organization, Metabolism, Growth and development, Response to stimuli, Reproduction, Homeostasis, Adaptation.
Organization:
Living things are highly organized, with a clear hierarchy of structures from the smallest (such as cells) to the largest (such as entire organisms).
Metabolism:
Living things are able to convert energy from their environment into forms that they can use to sustain themselves. This process is known as metabolism.
Growth and development:
Living things grow and change over time. This can involve physical changes, such as getting taller or developing new body structures, or it can involve changes in behavior or function.
Response to stimuli:
Living things are able to sense and respond to stimuli in their environment. This can involve physical responses, such as moving toward or away from a stimulus, or it can involve changes in behavior or function.
Reproduction:
Living things are able to reproduce, either sexually or asexually, in order to create new individuals of their own kind.
Homeostasis:
Living things are able to maintain a stable internal environment, even when the external environment is changing. This process is known as homeostasis.
Adaptation:
Living things are able to adapt to their environment in order to survive and thrive. This can involve physical adaptations, such as developing new body structures or behaviors, or it can involve genetic adaptations, such as the evolution of new traits.
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Living things have the following characteristics: growth, movements, respiration, excretion, nutrition, and reproduction.
GROWTH: All living things grow in some way or another. Be it an increase in the number of cells due to cell division, or the proper organization of the cell, all living things show some sort of growth.
MOVEMENT: Living things are mobile in nature. They show some sort of movement in their lifetime.
RESPIRATION: Living things respire. it is a chemical reaction that causes energy to be released from the food that they intake.
EXCRETION: It is the process of excreting or removing the products that are formed during the breakdown of food that the being does not require.
NUTRITION: It is the process in which the living thing intakes nutrition. It can happen in different ways in different beings.
REPRODUCTION: It is the process in which the organism creates its progeny and passes on genetic information to it. It has various levels of complexity depending on the organism.
When describing DNA replication we say that DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strand in a 5' to 3' direction, moving down the template strand from 3' to 5'. Briefly explain why replication always proceeds in this direction
DNA replication occurs in a 5' to 3' direction because the enzymes used for replication, known as DNA polymerases, can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing strand of DNA.
This is because the 3' end has an exposed hydroxyl (-OH) group which can be used to add to the growing strand of nucleotides. As such, the polymerase moves down the template strand from 3' to 5', adding new nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction.
This ensures that the newly synthesised strand is complementary to the template strand, as newly added nucleotides are added in the same direction as the original strand.
Additionally, this directional synthesis also means that both strands of the DNA double helix can be synthesised simultaneously, with each strand serving as the template for the other. This ensures that the complete DNA molecule is correctly replicated in the same manner as the original strand.
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What process is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil?
O respiration and photolysis,
O photolysis,
O respiration,
O photosynthesis, or
O photosynthesis and respiration
The process by which the root hairs release CO2 into the soil is respiration. The correct option is Option C.
There are air pockets present between the soil particles where the oxygen required by the root of the plant is trapped. Root hair exchanges gasses to and from tiny air pockets present in between the soil particles.
The large surface area provided by root hairs facilitates this exchange of gasses along with the absorption of water.
Hence, root hair carries out the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tiny air pockets present in between soil particles.
The CO2 released from the root hair into the soil particles is the byproduct of respiration.
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A 69-year old man with alcoholism is seen with leukocytosis, an elevated amylase level, and a rising lipase level. The entire pancreas appears enlarged and hypoechoic, with ill-defined borders. The most likely diagnosis is:
The most likely diagnosis in a 69-year-old man with alcoholism, leukocytosis, an elevated amylase level, and a rising lipase level, with an enlarged and hypoechoic pancreas, is acute pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas due to the activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas, leading to autodigestion. Typically, the pancreas appears enlarged and hypoechoic on imaging studies, with ill-defined borders.
Other signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and leukocytosis. Elevated amylase and lipase levels are typically seen in acute pancreatitis. Alcoholism is a risk factor for acute pancreatitis, and should be considered in the diagnosis.
Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as pain control and hydration, and abstinence from alcohol. In some cases, antibiotics may be used to treat or prevent infection. In serious circumstances, surgery may be required.
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what enzyme can proof-read the dna molecule, minimizing the mistakes made during the process of dna replication?
DNA polymerase enzyme can proofread the DNA molecule, minimizing the mistakes made during the process of DNA replication.
Fortunately, cells have developed extremely complex mechanisms to correct most but not all of those errors. Some of the errors are fixed during replication in a step known as proofreading, while others are fixed in a step known as mismatch repair after replication. Replication is halted when an erroneous nucleotide is added to the developing strand because it has an exposed 3′-OH group that is in the incorrect location. DNA polymerase enzymes notice this during proofreading and swap out the wrongly inserted nucleotide to allow replication to proceed. About 99 percent of total corrections can be corrected through proofreading, but that is still insufficient for healthy cell activity.
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Please place answers under questions so I know which is which. Thank you! :)
What reactants are used in light-dependent reactions (photosynthesis)?
What reactants are used in light-independent reactions (photosynthesis)?
Word Bank:
Reactants: ADP, ATP, Carbon Dioxide, NADP+, NADPH, Sunlight, Water
Reactants used in light- dependent reactions : Carbon dioxide, sunlight and water.
Through tiny holes in their leaves known as stomata, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Most monocot plants have stomata on both surfaces of their leaves, while dicot plants and a few monocots only have stomata on the bottom epidermis of their leaves.Plants obtain water from the soil around their roots, and water travels via the xylem, a component of the plant's vascular system, to reach the leaves. The vascular bundle in leaves houses the xylem and phloem.The carbon dioxide and water molecules enter the leaf and then migrate into the cells of the mesophyll, the ground tissue layer that lies between the top and lower epidermis. These cells perform photosynthesis using water and carbon dioxide in organelles known as chloroplasts.Reactants used in light- independent reactions : ATP, carbon dioxide, NADPH.
The assembly of a glucose molecule is the final step in the light-independent processes, also known as the Calvin cycle. This stage of photosynthesis necessitates the CO2 that the plant absorbs from the atmosphere.In essence, the plant requires the carbon in the CO2 to make the components of glucose. RubP (ribulose biphosphate), a molecule with five carbons, and a molecule of carbon dioxide are combined by an enzyme called ruBisCo in the stroma. As a result, a six-carbon molecule is produced, which is then split into two three-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate). The term "carbon fixation" refers to this phase of the light-independent processes.Then the light-dependent processes' energy carriers start to contribute. By adding a hydrogen atom to each 3-phosphoglycerate, ATP and NADPH produce two molecules of the simple sugar G3P. (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate). In the end, one molecule of glucose is created from these two G3P molecules. Due to the addition of electrons, this phase of the light-independent processes is commonly referred to as reduction (or decreasing the sugar).What is the probability that a baby born to a man and woman both carriers for the recessive albino gene will be an albino?
If both parents have the gene, their child has a 1 in 4 chance of having inheritance albinism and a 1 in 2 chance of having the gene. Although they do not have albinism, carriers can pass the gene on.
One type of inheritance pattern for a trait, sickness, or problem that is passed down through families is autosomal recessive characteristics. There must be two copies of a recessive trait or disease for it to manifest. The gene or characteristic will reside on a non-sex chromosome. As a trait requires two copies to develop, many people may unintentionally carry a disease. A recessive illness or characteristic may go unnoticed for a few of generations before manifesting as the phenotypic, according to evolutionary theory. Diseases that are autosomal recessive include albinism and cystic fibrosis.
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What are 4 sister chromatids called?
Answer:
The answer to this might be tetrad.
Explanation:
How many days Monggo seeds grow?
The Monggo seeds require 3-4 months of time to reach the stage of maturity from their initial seed stage.
Monggos is another name for the mung beans also known by the scientific name Vigna radiata. These are green colored lentils that belong to the legume family. The main regions where the cultivation of mung beans takes place is East, Southeast and South Asia.
Seed is the initial stage of any plant. It is the fertilized ovule that remains undeveloped as a plant. A seed has the potential to remain dormant for various years. It however possesses all the necessary enzymes and nutrients for its growth and development into a mature plant.
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What makes mollusks unique?
The presence of file-like rasping tool called a radula makes mollusks unique. This structure helps them to dig algae and other food from rocks or they can even shell of prey.
In general , Mollusks are classified to have soft bodies, and the body is not segmented . Soft body helps to holds the heart, liver, digestive system, and other important organs. Mollusks don't have legs, they have rough tongues with teeth like structure known as radula .
Hence, important distinguishing feature in mollusks is having a hard outer shell. That covers the top of the body and helps to enclose many internal organs. They have distinctive head region, this region have tentacles for sensing and also grasping food.
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__________ are lethal and non-lethal tools and systems available to the joint force that produce effects within the Area of Operation (AO)
Fires are lethal and non-lethal tools and systems available to the joint force that produce effects within the Area of Operation (AO).
The use of weapon systems to produce a specific lethal or nonlethal effect on a target is referred to as "firing" in Army doctrine. In order to produce precise lethal and non-lethal effects, army fires systems are entrusted with delivering fires in support of offensive and defensive operations. The flames warfighting function must complete three crucial tasks in order to do this. Deliver one fires 3 Conduct targeting and 2 Include all Army, Joint, and Multinational Fires. 3 In addition, fires help operational forces seize, hold onto, and use the initiative while boosting freedom of action and the ability of ground forces to move and maneuver.
Mobile defense, area defense, and retrograde are the three categories of defensive activities. Both the tactical and operational spheres of combat are affected by all. By allowing the opponent to approach into a position where he may be attacked from behind, mobile defenses aim to defeat invading forces.
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Why do some individuals lack supply of clean drinking water?
The reasons for the lack supply of clean drinking water is: water pollution, increased demand for water, climate changes, mismanagement of water resources, as well as poverty.
Water pollution is defined as the contamination of water with harmful substances and toxic chemicals that make it unfit for use. The presence of harmful microorganisms also makes the water polluted. The main reason for the contamination of water is the human activities.
Climate change refers to the change in the temperature and weather pattern of the environment from the normal. These changes are long-term. These changes can be normal, however, currently the human activities are the main reason for climate changes.
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Which of the following statements about the distribution of sap throughout a plant is true?
a) The driving force for sugar movement is transpiration.
b) The mechanism that explains the movement of sugars throughout a plant is called the pressure-flow hypothesis.
c) Companion cells form the conducting tissue for sap.
d) The main component of phloem sap is glucose.
The statements that are true about the distribution of sap throughout a plant are:
a) The driving force for sugar movement is transpiration.
b) The mechanism that explains the movement of sugars throughout a plant is called the pressure-flow hypothesis.
c) Companion cells form the conducting tissue for sap.
Transpiration is the process where water is lost from the leaves of the plant and the resulting negative pressure in the leaves pulls water from the roots.
The pressure-flow hypothesis describes how the pressure difference in the leaves and roots is used to drive the movement of sugars through the plant.
Companion cells are specialized cells found in phloem tissue that help to support the sieve tube cells which are responsible for the actual transport of sap.
Phloem sap is a complex mixture of sugars and other substances and not only glucose.
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infer complete the statement by selecting the correct terms the coal deposits currently being used as an energy resource formed
To infer or complete the statement by selecting the correct terms the coal deposits currently being used as an energy resource formed fossil fuels.
How does energy resource gotten from coal?The formation of coal happened several millions of years through a process known as carbonation. In this process, dead vegetation is converted into carbon-rich coal under very high temperature and pressure.
Energy from coal is typically obtained by burning the coal to produce steam, which then drives a turbine to generate electricity. The steam is created by heating the water in the coal boiler to high temperatures, which causes it to turn into steam. The steam then drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator, and the generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. This process is called thermal power generation.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above
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The complete question goes thus:
Infer or complete the statement by selecting the correct terms, the coal deposits currently being used as an energy resource formed...............
An organism with a haploid number of 10 will produce ________ combinations of chromosomes at the end of meiosis.
An organism with a haploid number of 10 will produce 1024 combinations of chromosomes at the end of meiosis.
As a consequence, the number of haploid chromosomes is = 10/2= 5. The number of possible chromosomal pairings equals 2n, where n is the number of haploid chromosomes. So, with 10 diploid chromosomes, the number of chromosomal pairs is 25. As a consequence, '25' is the correct answer.
The number of chromosomes reduces from 46 (23 pairs) to 23 during meiosis. Because chromosomes are randomly divided into gametes during meiosis I, each gamete has a distinct set of chromosomes (and alleles).
Because of its 23 pairs of chromosomes, a human gamete has around 8 million potential chromosomal combinations (223).
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Write a claim evidence and reasoning on Do trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us?
Answer:
Evidence: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis, and release oxygen as a byproduct. In this way, trees play a vital role in the global carbon cycle, and can help to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities that contribute to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
Reasoning: The evidence provided demonstrates that trees have a direct effect on the composition of the atmosphere through their role in the carbon cycle. By absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, trees can help to balance the levels of these gases in the atmosphere, and contribute to the overall health of the planet. The fact that trees have this ability suggests that they have the power to change the composition of the atmosphere around us.
Sediment deposition, earthquakes, and weathering are
similar in that they
In some ways, sediment deposition, earthquakes, and weathering are all comparable in that they may all produce erosion.
The shedding of sediments by wind, water, ice, or gravity is known as sediment deposition. Weathering processes generate sediments, erosion processes degrade them, and sedimentation processes deposit them in new sites. As the wind and water slow down, the silt they were transporting falls to the ground.
Erosion is the movement of soil, silt, and rock debris caused by weathering of geological structures by wind, water, and ice. Subsidence occurs when eroded material transported by water settles out of the surface water column when the flow of water slows.
Erosion and weathering turn rocks and mountains into sediments such as sand and mud. Deposition is a kind of weathering, namely chemical weathering. As a result of the water's mild acidity, the stone progressively wears away during this procedure. These three processes all contribute to the formation of new sedimentary rock sources. Earthquakes and weathering are similar in that they can both result in
soil Erosion .
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Complete question:
Sediment, deposition, earthquakes, and weathering are similar in that they
can all change the surface of the Earth.
are all a result of weathering.
all happen quickly.
all cause erosion
Classifying and Exploring Life Lesson 1. Characteristics of Life Lesson 2. Classifying Organisms Lesson 3. Identifying a Beetle Lesson 4. Exploring Life Lesson 5. Constructing a Dichotomous Key
There appear to be five different lesson topics related to studying life, its characteristics, and to classify and identify different organisms.
"Characteristics of Life," would likely cover the basic characteristics that all living things share, such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment.
"Classifying Organisms," would likely cover how scientists group and classify living things into different categories based on their characteristics, such as the use of taxonomy and the classification system proposed by Carl Linnaeus.
"Identifying a Beetle," would likely focus on teaching students how to identify different species of beetles by their physical characteristics, such as size, shape, and coloration.
"Exploring Life," would likely focus on introducing students to the diversity of life on Earth and the different ways in which living things interact with each other and their environment.
"Constructing a Dichotomous Key," would likely teach students how to use a dichotomous key, which is a tool that helps identify different species by asking a series of questions and narrowing down the options based on the answers.
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Where is ground tissue found in a plant?
In the soft parts of leaves, stems, and roots
On the entire outer surface of the plant
At the tips of shoots and root caps
In clusters of vascular bundles in the stems
Answer:
The ground tissue system is found within each plant organ. Within leaves, the ground tissue system consists of palisade mesophyll, which are tightly compacted cells that are the site of photosynthesis. Within plant stems, the ground tissue consists of the cortex (outer stem layer) and pith (spongy stem center).
Explanation:
Answer:
in the soft parts of leaves, stems, and roots
Explanation:
What is a point insertion and deletion mutation?
In Point insertion DNA sequence is changed by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. In deletion DNA sequence changed by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.
In general, a Point mutation refers to alteration in a single base pair of DNA by substitution, deletion, or insertion of a single nitrogenous base. most common example of point mutation is sickle cell anemia. that consists of mutation in a single base pair in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin pigment in the blood cells.
While , deletion mutation generally takes place when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication. Thus the uncopied part remains as small as a single nucleotide or as an entire chromosome.
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Is calico genetically dominant or recessive?
The calico cat displays a mixture of red- and black-based colors, depending on which of its two X chromosomes has been inactivated. The allele coding for orange hair color is dominant, while the allele for black color is recessive - although this doesn`t matter much since only one allele is expressed.
Because the genetic determination of coat colors in calico cats is linked to the X chromosome, calicoes are nearly always female, with one color linked to the maternal X chromosome and a second color linked to the paternal X chromosome.
To create a calico (or tortoise-shell) pattern, one of the X chromosomes must carry the black gene and the other the orange gene. If a black male and an orange female mate, the result will be a half-black and half-orange female offspring-a calico. A black female and an orange male will also produce a calico female.
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