Chapter 21.1 Review
1. What characteristics of living things do viruses have?
2. Compare and Contrast How is viral reproduction different from that of cell-based organisms?
Answer:
1. Living characteristics of viruses include the ability to reproduce – but only in living host cells – and the ability to mutate.
2.Viruses cannot reproduce independently; cell-based organisms can reproduce independently.
antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of water by group of answer choices the active transport of chloride all of these promote the retention of water the active transport of water the active transport of na influencing the permeability of the collecting duct to water
The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is secreted in response to a decrease in blood volume or an increase in osmolality.
The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is secreted in response to a decrease in blood volume or an increase in osmolality. Its primary function is to promote water retention in the body by altering the permeability of the collecting ducts of the kidneys to water.Influencing the permeability of the collecting duct to water:Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of water by influencing the permeability of the collecting duct to water. In the absence of ADH, the collecting ducts are impermeable to water. As a result, water cannot be reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and it is excreted in the urine. In contrast, in the presence of ADH, the collecting ducts become permeable to water. As a result, water can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and it is retained by the body. The active transport of water is not a process that occurs in the kidneys. Instead, water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream by passive osmosis, which is driven by differences in solute concentration between the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid.The active transport of Na:While the active transport of Na does play a role in the regulation of water balance, it is not directly involved in promoting the retention of water by the kidneys. Instead, it promotes the reabsorption of Na and other solutes from the tubular fluid into the interstitial fluid. This, in turn, helps to maintain the osmotic gradient that drives water reabsorption by passive osmosis.All of these promote the retention of water:While active transport of chloride does not directly promote the retention of water, it does play a role in maintaining the electroneutrality of the tubular fluid, which is important for the proper functioning of the kidneys. As such, all of these processes do promote the retention of water in the body.
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What is the most important organ of the male reproductive system? Why?
How do environmental factors help determine which members of a species will survive or become extinct?
Answer:
Natural selection
Explanation:
Whether or not an organism survives to reproduce depends on their surrounding environment. This is natural selection. Over time, that mutation can develop into a distinguishable adaptation and/or become more pronounced in a species since it increases the chances of survival.
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how does oxygen and carbon dioxide levels change over time?
Answer:
In the capillaries, oxygen flows rapidly through the blood through this air-blood barrier. Closely, carbon dioxide flows into the alveoli from the blood and is then exhaled.
Explanation:
Commonly found fossils are of the ______ type.
A. print
B. petrified
C. carbonized
Please help, ASAP.
Answer:
C. carbonized
Explanation:
The mode of fossilization of these inclusions varies, but carbonization is most common.
Type _ blood is the universal donor
Type _ blood is the universal recipient
Answer:
Type O- blood is the universal donor
Type AB- blood is the universal recipient
I was thinking B but I need another opinion.
NO LINKS AND IF YOU DO YOU WILL GET REPORTED
Answer:
YES YOU WERE RIGHT B MAKES SENSE
Explanation:
Answer:
B) 1 and 2
Explanation:
Both 1 and 2 are true in the actual Solar System. Number 3 is incorrect because Earth is only tilted at a 23.5 degree angle. Number 4 would make a oval or other shaped orbit, so it's incorrect.
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what is the role of microtubules in mitosis? select all that apply. what is the role of microtubules in mitosis?select all that apply. microtubules condense the chromosomes. microtubules replicate the chromosomes. microtubules bind to individual chromosomes. microtubules form the mitotic spindle. microtubules shorten, dividing the chromosomes.
The role of microtubules in mitosis is:
- microtubules form the mitotic spindle.
- microtubules bind to individual chromosomes.
Explanation to the above given short answers are written below,
- Microtubules form the mitotic spindle: During mitosis, microtubules organize and form a structure called the mitotic spindle.
The mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in separating the duplicated chromosomes into two daughter cells during cell division.
- Microtubules bind to individual chromosomes: Microtubules attach to specific regions on the chromosomes called kinetochores.
These kinetochore microtubules exert tension on the chromosomes and are responsible for moving the chromosomes towards the poles of the cell during mitosis.
The other options provided do not accurately describe the role of microtubules in mitosis:
- Microtubules do not condense the chromosomes. Chromosome condensation is mainly mediated by proteins called condensins.
- Microtubules do not replicate the chromosomes. Chromosome replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
- Microtubules do not shorten and divide the chromosomes. Microtubules exert forces on the chromosomes to separate them, but they do not directly divide the chromosomes.
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Which of the following would be considered a characteristic of a soil rather than a principal soil component?
a. the soil peds that give the soil its structure
b. inorganic material such as insoluble and soluble minerals
c. soil, air, and water
d. organic matter such as humus
The characteristic of a soil rather than a principal soil component is the soil peds that give the soil its structure, option (a) is correct.
Principal soil components refer to the major constituents of soil that directly contribute to its formation and properties. Soil peds, also known as aggregates, are formed by the binding together of individual soil particles.
They contribute to the soil's physical properties, such as its structure, stability, and permeability. Soil peds are formed through various processes, including weathering, biological activity, and soil management practices. While they are an important aspect of soil, they are not considered a principal soil component, option (a) is correct.
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When humans perspire, water, urea, and salts containing sodium are removed from the blood. Drinking water during extended periods of physical exercise replenishes the water but not the sodium. This increase in water dilutes the blood and may result in the concentration of sodium dropping low enough to cause a condition known as hyponatremia. Symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, nausea, and lack of coordination. Left untreated, it can lead to coma and even death. The body has a variety of feedback mechanisms that assist in regulating water and sodium concentrations in the blood. The kidneys play a major role in these mechanisms, as they filter the blood and produce urine. The best way to reduce the symptoms of hyponatremia would be to
Answer:
The best way to reduce the symptoms of hyponatremia is to replace the body's sodium.
Explanation:
As seen in the question above, sweating causes the body to lose water and salts, such as sodium. We know that the excess of sodium in the body is harmful, however, the lack of sodium is also harmful, and can cause hyponatremia.
The loss of water in sweating can be reversed with water intake, but the loss of sodium must be reversed with sodium intake and the best way to do this is by eating salty foods. Sodium is one of the components of the salt used in the preparation of foods. In that case, when an individual eats salty foods, after having lost sodium molecules in perspiration, he will be replacing the lost sodium.
Pls help meeee I’m stuck and thank you so much
Answer:
The answers is b
Heat is necessary for all of the following processes except for:
A.Condensation
B.Evaporation
C.Melting
D.Boiling
Heat is necessary for evaporation, melting and boiling. The correct option is A.
What is condensation?Condensation is the transformation of water vapor into liquid. It is the inverse of evaporation, in which water turns into a vapor.
Condensation occurs in one of two ways: the air is either cooled to its dew point or becomes really filled with water vapor that it cannot retain any more water.
Condensation happens when warm air collides with cold surfaces or when your environment is overly humid.
When this moist warm air comes into contact with a cold surface, it quickly cools and releases the water, which condenses into liquid droplets on the cold surface.
In the remaining processes, i.e., evaporation, melting and boiling it is required to heat them up.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Energy Efficiency =
Useful Energy Output/Total Energy
Input x 100 (%)
If a power plant uses 100 units of
energy to create electricity and the
output is 5 units, where does the
95% of the energy input go?
A. lost as heat
B. lost as gas
C. escapes the system as potential energy
If a power plant uses 100 units of energy to create electricity and the output is 5 units, 95% of the energy input goes as lost as heat.
Could you ever create a machine where 100% of the input energy would turn into output energy?No, a real machine can't have an efficiency of 100%. An efficiency of 100% means that there is no loss and the output energy (or work) of the machine is equal to input energy (or work). In real machines, there is always some loss of energy to overcome friction and air resistance.
How do you calculate the energy efficiency of a power plant?To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, divide the equivalent Btu content of a kWh of electricity (3,412 Btu) by the heat rate. For example, if the heat rate is 10,500 Btu, the efficiency is 33%. If the heat rate is 7,500 Btu, the efficiency is 45%.
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Match each idea about evolution to the person or group where it originated from the drop down menu
Hello. You did not present the ideas about evolution to which the question refers, which makes it impossible for your question to be answered. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way, showing you the main ideas about evolution and the people who originated them.
According to Jean-Baptiste organisms evolve as a way of seeking perfection.
According to the ancient Greeks and Romans, all living things are in a constant process of change. This change causes evolution and when a living being evolves it causes the evolution of another living being, since everyone is connected and related.
According to Darwin, evolution occurs over time and through an ancestor. For him All living beings have a common ancestor, which evolved over time and generated new species. Darvin also believes that any characteristic acquired by evolution could be passed on to the descendants.
According to Malthus, living beings generate a number of descendants disproportionate to the resources necessary for their survival and this causes evolution.
Explain how Anna’s diet differed on August 11 and on August 12. Which was more appropriate for a diabetic?
Anna's diet differed on August 11 and August 12. On August 11, she ate a total of 155 grams of carbohydrates while on August 12, she ate a total of 90 grams of carbohydrates.
The August 12 diet is more appropriate for a diabetic.What is Diabetes?Diabetes is a metabolic condition that occurs when the body is unable to produce or use insulin properly. It results in elevated blood sugar levels, which can lead to a variety of health issues over time, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems.Anna's diet on August 11 and 12:August 11:On August 11, Anna ate a total of 155 grams of carbohydrates.
Breakfast included oatmeal, a banana, and an English muffin with a total of 62 grams of carbohydrates. For lunch, she had a turkey sandwich and an apple, which added up to 58 grams of carbohydrates. Dinner included grilled salmon, a baked potato, and green beans, which added up to 35 grams of carbohydrates.August 12:On August 12, Anna ate a total of 90 grams of carbohydrates. Breakfast included scrambled eggs, whole-grain toast, and an orange, totaling 24 grams of carbohydrates. She had a chicken salad for lunch, which added up to 15 grams of carbohydrates. Dinner included beef stir-fry with vegetables and brown rice, which added up to 51 grams of carbohydrates.
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Identical twins, who have inherited a gene associated with obesity, are adopted by different families. One is growing up in a very health-conscious family, while the other is growing up in a family that eats a lot of fast food and never exercises. Which statement describes their likely weights upon reaching adulthood?
A.
They will both be overweight because they both have the gene associated with obesity.
B.
They will both be of average weight because their genes will mutate as they grow and develop.
C.
The weight of the twins is difficult to predict because both genes and environmental factors affect weight.
D.
One twin will be overweight and the other will be of average weight, because they were raised in different environments.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
this statement is true and no matter what the genes say environmental parts play a huge role
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Which is NOT a characteristic of unsaturated fats?
A. liquid at room temperature
B. animal fats
C. kinks in the carbon chain
D. not fully saturated with hydrogens
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes continental drift?
A. There is no evidence that the plates move
B. The plates move about 1 inch per year.
C. The plates move about 30 kilometers per year.
D. It has never happened.
Which of the following are essential properties of successfully developing T cells? MHC resistance and high affinity MHC resistance and self-tolerance high affinity and self selection MHC restriction and self-tolerance MHC restriction and apoptosis
MHC restriction and self-tolerance are crucial traits for growing T cells to have. The answer is MHC restriction and self-tolerance.
The capacity of T lymphocytes to identify and engage with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that show antigens attached to MHC molecules is known as MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) limitation. In the thymus, T cells go through a process known as a positive selection in which they are chosen based on their capacity to recognize self-MHC molecules. By doing this, T cells are guaranteed to only be able to recognize and react to antigens that are presented by MHC molecules that are unique to their own species.
The capacity of T cells to identify and tolerate self-antigens is referred to as self-tolerance. In the thymus, T cells go through a process known as negative selection in which T cells that exhibit a high response to self-antigens are destroyed by apoptosis (programmed cell death). This procedure aids in stopping the growth of T cells that may otherwise assault the body's own tissues.
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Base your answer to the question on the chemical reaction below.
If the chemical reaction takes place in an organism that requires sunlight to produce substance X, the organism must be
1. a heterotroph
2. an annelid
3. an autotroph
4. a fungus
Identical rock types, identical fossils, and very similar mountain ranges are found on different continents that are
separated by a wide ocean. Which of these best explains these observations?
A Organisms traveled between these continents on land bridges.
B The same forces erode mountains in different locations.
These continents were joined together at one time in the past.
Some rock types are very common and are found everywhere.
Answer:
These continents were joined together at one time in the past
Explanation:
i think
Answer:
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What is a wetland?
A]an ecosystem that is made up of salt water at least part of the year
B]an ecosystem in which plant roots are submerged during some part of the year
C]an ecosystem in which half the area is wet and the other half is dry
D]an ecosystem with running water at least part of the year
Answer:
A:)))))
Explanation:
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Why is the sea otter's diet of seafood a problem with some of the fisherman?
Answer:
Sea otters, because of their eating habits, are considered a “keystone predator,” predators that keep the ecosystem balanced. ... When not enough otters are around to eat the sea urchins, the urchin colonies grow unchecked and “urchin barrens” increase.
Explanation:
why is it important to classify the millions of species on earth
There are millions of species that exist on Earth. This helps in organizing each specie according to the characteristics, and traits. The classification is done to show the hierarchy and focuses on the relationships that the organisms possess with other organisms about evolution.
A new planet is discovered orbiting a star with a mass 3. 5'1031 kg at a distance of 1. 2 '1011 m. Assume that the orbit is circular.
What is the orbital speed of the planet? (G = 6. 673' 10-11 N·m2/kg)
The orbital speed of the planet is approximately [tex]\(4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}\).[/tex]
The orbital speed of a planet or satellite refers to the speed at which it revolves around a central body in a circular orbit. To calculate the orbital speed, we can use the formula:
[tex]\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{G \cdot M}{r}} \][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\( v \)[/tex] represents the orbital speed,
- [tex]G[/tex] is the gravitational constant (approximately [tex]\(6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2\)),[/tex]
- [tex]M[/tex] is the mass of the central body (such as a star) around which the planet orbits,
- [tex]r[/tex] is the distance between the planet and the central body.
By plugging in the appropriate values into this formula, we can calculate the orbital speed. The square root ensures that the speed is positive and represents the magnitude of the velocity.
To calculate the orbital speed of the planet, we can use the formula for the orbital speed of a satellite in a circular orbit:
[tex]\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{G \cdot M}{r}} \][/tex]
Where:
[tex]\( v \)[/tex] is the orbital speed of the planet,
[tex]\( G = 6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2 \)[/tex] is the gravitational constant,
[tex]\( M = 3.5 \times 10^{31} \, \text{kg} \)[/tex] is the mass of the star,
and [tex]\( r = 1.2 \times 10^{11} \, \text{m} \)[/tex] is the distance between the planet and the star.
Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
[tex]\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{(6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2) \cdot (3.5 \times 10^{31} \, \text{kg})}{(1.2 \times 10^{11} \, \text{m})}} \][/tex]
Evaluating the expression, we find:
[tex]\[ v \approx 4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s} \][/tex]
Therefore, the orbital speed of the planet is approximately [tex]\(4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}\).[/tex]
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What is the main abiotic reservoir for elements involved in local biogeochemical cycles, such as calcium and phosphorus? answer one is correct soil rivers oceans wind the atmosphere?
The main abiotic reservoir for elements involved in local biogeochemical cycles, such as calcium and phosphorus, is soil.
Soil serves as the main storage reservoir of nutrients, water, and energy in ecosystems, playing a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. This is because the soil is composed of minerals and organic matter that release nutrients and elements to the plants, which are then consumed by animals and transferred up the food chain.So, the correct option is (D) Soil, and it is the most suitable answer for this question.
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I need help with this ASAP please!!!
Answer:
A = water
B= Glucose
C = Oxygen(O2)
Explanation:
5. After a massive clean-up, why will contamination continue for decades after?
Answer:
This is Because they can't be 100% in location of PCBs since animals could spread and reproduce among different places with these toxins within their systems.
Explanation:
Summarize What adaptations do cephalopods have to live an active way of life?
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
The adaptations that cephalopods have, to live an active way of life are numerous, some of which are:
1. Development of a SIPHON. This is a form of the adapted foot that supports survival such as swimming and directional movement.
2. A powerful and flexible arm for movement and protection
3. Using ink to form visual distractions, against predators.
Note that a good example of cephalopods are known as octopus