Energy is transported from lower to higher trophic levels through the food chain or web. However generally only about 10% of the energy in one level is available for the next level.
Used in metabolic processes or released into the environment as heat. This loss of energy explains why there are rarely more than four trophic levels in a food chain or web. With the 10% rule, each trophy level can only give 10% of its energy to the next level. The remaining 90% is used for survival growth, and reproduction and is lost to the environment as heat.
All energy pyramids begin with the transmission of energy from the sun to the first nutrient-level producers. The first, lowest level contains green plants, which are producers. Plants or their products are consumed by second-level organisms that are herbivores or herbivores. At the third level, primary carnivores or carnivores eat herbivores. At the fourth level, secondary carnivores eat primary carnivores.
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Which of these can damage a population of
organisms that has low genetic diversity?
Predators
Habitat fragmentation (destruction)
Disease
Climate change
Fragmentation can be a reason for damage of population of organisms that has low genetic diversity.
What is genetic diversity and what happens with the population with low genetic diversity ?Genetic diversity is the diversity in the genes of the species widely distributed across globe.Genetic diversity is the measure of diversities in genetic information contained in an organism , whether its a flower species or animal .Rauwoffia vomitaria , medicinal plant is estimated to be produced in large amount across some specific regions.Low genetic diversity is the population with low genetic species contribution.They can easily be vanished by fragmentation or predators who have high predating capacity and are spread along with them in their place.To know more about genetic diversity visit:
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Atoms transfer from the non-living portions of our environment to the living parts of our environment through the _____.
A. air cycle
B. food chain
C. rock cycle
D. phosphorous cycle
wilson c, naber n, pate e, cooke r (2014) the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin stabilizes the super-relaxed state in skeletal muscle. biophys j 107:1637–1646
The discussion of "wilson c, naber n, pate e, cooke r (2014) the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin stabilizes the super-relaxed state in skeletal muscle. biophys j 107:1637–1646" is given in the below paragraph-
It has been shown that different muscle types exhibit the super-relaxed state of myosin (SRX), in which the myosin ATPase activity is severely reduced. The interacting-heads motif, a structure that binds to the thick filament's core, has been postulated as the mechanism by which myosin heads in this condition are inhibited. We have used measurements of single ATP turnovers to demonstrate that the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin stabilizes the binding of myosin heads to the thick filament in both fast and slow skeletal muscle, further supporting the idea that the myosin heads in the SRX are also in the interacting-heads motif. We discover that blebbistatin can stabilize the SRX even in circumstances where it would normally be unstable. In both slow and fast skeletal muscle, we demonstrate using blebbistatin that spin-labeled nucleotides coupled to myosin have an orientated spectrum in the SRX. In relaxed skeletal muscle fibers, this is, to our knowledge, the first observation of directed spin probes on the myosin motor domain. Because the spectra for skeletal muscle with blebbistatin are comparable to those seen in relaxed tarantula fibers without blebbistatin, it may be concluded that the SRX's structural properties are the same regardless of the type of muscle or the presence or absence of blebbistatin. Since the nucleotide site is in a closed conformation, spin probes coupled to nucleotides bound to myosin are mobile.
What is myosin?Myosins are a class of motor proteins well recognized for their functions in the contraction of muscles and a variety of other eukaryotic motility processes. Myosin is ATP-dependent and in charge of motility based on actin. By Wilhelm Kühne, the first myosin was identified in 1864.
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which sensory receptors are involved in hearing?(1 point) responses thermoreceptors thermoreceptors photoreceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors chemoreceptors mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors respond to physical forces in hearing.
In somatosensory receptors known as mechanoreceptors, extracellular stimuli are transmitted to intracellular signal transduction via mechanically gated ion channels. The most common types of external stimuli include touch, pressure, stretching, hearing, and motion. Both the surface and deeper layers of skin, as well as the area close to bones, include mechanoreceptors. The free nerve ends are often unencapsulated dendrites, and these receptors can be either encapsulated or unencapsulated. There are four main types of tactile mechanoreceptors: Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, Meissner's corpuscles, and Ruffini endings.
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earth´s ocean currents affect weather patterns by distributing ? from the uneven absorption of solar energy
Answer:
ocean currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface.
Explanation:
Ocean currents act much like a conveyor belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, ocean currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface. Without currents in the ocean, regional temperatures would be more extreme — super hot at the equator and frigid toward the poles — and much less of Earth’s land would be habitable.
What is metabolism ?
Ty :))
Answer:
Metabolism is how your body processes food, sugar, and everything you know. The higher your metabolism, the skinnier you are.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Which claim is most likely based on pseudoscience?
Those claims which are not supported by scientific data are most likely to be based on pseudo science.
Other characteristics that help you distinguish between science and pseudoscience are:
Is not falsifiable It cannot be shown to be incorrect. strongly reliant on anecdotes:Personal experiences and testimonies make up the majority of the evidence.uses supporting evidence while disregarding or downplaying opposing evidence.Technobabble is the use of words that appear scientific but are improperly or illogically employed.Lacks a believable mechanism: Given what is known, it is impossible to explain how the claim may operate.Refuses to adapt: Doesn't improve or self-correct.exaggerates or makes outlandish claims: without enough support, makes enormous benefits promises.Confesses certainty: Mentions "evidence" and conveys ideas with total assurance.Demonstrates logical fallacies: Arguments contain logical fallacies. inadequate peer review:Prevents the scientific community from conducting a critical analysisClaims there is a plot to stifle their ideas: Scientific community criticism is a plotTo know more about pseudo science visit:
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Answer: Seeds should be planted during specific moon cycles to achieve their potential.
Explanation:
1.Differences between xylem and phloem
2. Define stomata
3. Why epidermal tissues have no intermolicular space
4. why is blood called connective tissue
Answer:
1. xylem transport water .... phloem transport food(ions,startch)
direction of transport in xylem is unidirectional while its bidirectional in phloem
2. pore/opening between guard cells which allow air exchange
3.because epidermal tissue has function of protection,if space exist in cell it create pores for pathogen to enter and protection function cant be performed
4.because blood is composed of cells and extracellular matrix,a primary requirement to be a connective tissue
What problems would real animals pose to a scientist while they are out sampling a population?
quizlet digeorge syndrome results in greatly decreased t cell numbers and function and is evidenced by abnormal development of facial features that are controlled by the same embryonic pouches; these include low-set ears, fish-shaped mouth, and other altered features.
Digeorge syndrome results in greatly decreased t cell numbers and function and is evidenced by abnormal development of facial features that are controlled by the same embryonic pouches; these include low-set ears, fish-shaped mouth, and other altered features.
What is digeorge syndrome?
Digeorge syndrome is a defective condition that appears at birth stage due to deficiency of the T-cells and it also indicates some serious lifelong problems including learning difficulties and heart defects in children.
This medical problem is mostly found in children who suffer from defects like defective immune system, low calcium levels in blood and also show some emotional and behavioral issues.
Moreover, the symptoms of abnormal facial features include hooded eyes, enlarges nose-tip and long face, a small groove in upper lip as well.
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The complete question is:
A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?
a. B-lymphocyte deficiency b. T-lymphocyte deficiency c. Combined immunologic deficiency d. Complement deficiency
PLEASE HELP I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!!
A thunderstorm! You see a flash of lightning across the sky. Five seconds later, your hear the thunder. If
lightning and thunder come from the same source, then why don't they occur at the same time?
They do! The time difference is due to the way sound waves and light waves travel. Light travels
extremely fast through the air, 300,000,000 m/s. Sound travels much slower, 343 m/s through air.
Therefore we can see light in an instant, but it takes a while to hear thunder. The speed of light waves and
sound waves depends on the medium through which they travel. Take a look at the data in the image
above.
How do the speeds of sound and light waves compare?
1x
A
B
C
D
Sound waves travel fastest through a dense medium like the solid ground.
Light waves can travel through a vacuum; sound waves cannot.
Light waves cannot travel through a dense material like a solid.
The denser the medium, the faster sound travels.
E
The speeds of light and sound are affected in the same way in different mediums.
Answer: (B)
Explanation: They are asking for a comparison between light waves and sound waves.
A and C is wrong because it only says about sound waves
D only says about sound waves
E is completely wrong because they are affected differently in different mediums.
a claim, evidence , and reasoning.
An explanation, according to the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) model, consists of: A claim that answers the question. Data from students provides evidence. Reasoning using a rule or scientific principle to explain why the evidence supports the claim.
What exactly is evidence in biology?Biologists use a variety of evidence types to track evolutionary changes over long time periods. Homologous physical features shared by species, for example, can provide evidence for common ancestry (but we have to be sure they are really homologous, and not the result of convergent evolution).
Preservation of biological evidence from crime scenes is critical because DNA can provide the best evidence of innocence - or guilt - when a case is reviewed. Without the biological evidence, none of the nation's more than 350 DNA exonerations would have been possible.
Any biological sample, including liquid blood or bloodstains, liquid saliva or saliva stains, and liquid semen or dried semen stains (including from vasectomized males) deposited on virtually any surface; genital/vaginal/cervical samples collected on can be questioned or unknown.
As a result, the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) model states that: A claim that answers the question
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The products of alcoholic fermentation are _________+ _________ + _________. The products of lactic acid fermentation are _________ + _________.
The products of alcoholic fermentation are Alcohol + carbon dioxide + NAD .The products of lactic acid fermentation are + lactic acid + NAD
Cell Structure X is known as a ?
Answer: Structure X is only found in plant cells, and structure Y is found in plant and animal cells.
Explanation: The structure found on the outside of the onion cell is the cell wall, which is specific to plants. The structure found on the outside of the skin cell is the cell membrane, which is found on all cells.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
O The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.
O The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
O The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
Answer:
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell
A Name the following:
1. The vein that carries oxygenated blood.
2. A lymphatic organ.
3. The protein produced by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance.
4. The contraction phase of the heart.
5. Iron pigment present in erythrocytes.
Answer:
1.pulmonary veins. 2.spleen...
3.antibody 4.systole. 5.haem
Explanation: 1. Veins generally has the role carrying deoxygeneted blood but in our body we have one vein that carries oxygeneted blood ,the important fact to remember is veins take blood into the body .So the vein that carry oxygeneted blood will also carry blood into the heart from lungs and the opening of heart is the left auricle.
2. Spleen is the lymphatic organ close to armpit which helps in defence to body and produces lymph
3.antibody - antibodies are produced by cells of WBC against foreign entity called antigen.
4.systole- the stage of contracted heart is systole and relaxed heart is diastole.
5.heam - the answer is haem because haem means iron and iron imparts redness to blood plasma ,and with globin it form haemoglobin.
CHNOPSWhat composes the remaining 3% of the human body? Take five of these elements and describe their function in the body.
The percentage of body weight are: Oxygen (65%), hydrogen (10%), carbon (18%), nitrogen (3%), calcium (1.5%), phosphorus (1%), potassium (0,25%), sulfur (0.25%), sodium (0.15%), chlorine (0.15%), magnessium (0.05%), iron (0.006%), fluorine (0.0037%), zinc (0.0032%), copper (0.0001%), iodine (0.000016%), selenium (0.000019%), chromium (0.0000024%), manganese (0.0000017%), molybdenum (0.000013%), and cobalt (0.0000021%).
3% of the human body by mass is nitrogen found in all organisms in molecules such as amino acids which make up protein, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and ATP. It is required for protein synthesis and production of several nitrogeneous compounds such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and components of antioxidant defense.
Oxygen together with hydrogen form water which is the dominant solvent found in the body. It is used to balance temperature and osmotic pressure.
Carbon makes up 18% of the body by mass and its role is chieflt structural. it forms the backbone of many organic molecules.
Calcium is the most bountiful mineral in the body stored in bones and teeth that gives them structure and hardness. The body requires calcium for muscle to move and for nerves to bring messages between the brain and every part of the body.
select the true statements concerning tracheids. check all that apply tracheids are responsible for anchoring the plant to a substrate.tracheids are responsible for anchoring the plant to a substrate. pterophytes lack tracheids but have euphylls.pterophytes lack tracheids but have euphylls. without tracheids colonization of land would not have been possible.without tracheids colonization of land would not have been possible. all of the large dominant extant land plants are tracheophytes.all of the large dominant extant land plants are tracheophytes.
The true statements about tracheids are: tracheids are responsible for anchoring the plant to a substrate; pterophytes lack tracheids but have euphylls, and; without tracheids colonization of land would not have been possible.
Tracheids are one of the components of the vascular tissue called xylem. It is made up of dead cells. It is an elongated structure that has tube-like appearance. It is involved in the conduction of water and minerals.
Pterophytes are also called the pteridophytes that were the first vascular terrestrial plants. These are spore producing plants that have no flowers or seed. The example of pteridophytes are Marsilea, Azolla, Salvinia, etc.
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Suppose that you are using colored beads attached to yarn as a model representing alleles of genes on chromosomes. This model could be used to show that independent assortment results in gametes containing?.
The model representing beads on yarn could be used to show that independent assortment results in gametes containing different combinations of alleles that originated from both the organism's male or female parent.
Using different colored beads attached to yarn can help us to understand the phenomenon of independent assortment easily. Like the different colored beads in the yarn, each allele on the chromosome has the ability to assort independently into gametes.
It is due to this independent assortment, that an offspring will have some of the alleles from the male parent and some from the female parent. As each colored bead on the yarn has the ability to move and assort independently, the same is the case for alleles.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Suppose that you are using colored beads attached to yarn as a model representing alleles of genes on chromosomes. This model could be used to show that independent assortment results in gametes containing?
alleles that originated from either the organism's male or female parent, but not both.
a random combination of genetic information without a traceable origin.
different combinations of alleles that originated from both the organism's male or female parent.
identical genetic information
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Glycolysis occurs in all living cells. Which row correctly identifies the cell
structure involved and the products of glycolysis respectively?
A. mitochondria: 36ATP, CO₂, H₂O
B. cytoplasm: 2ATP, pyruvate, NADH
C. mitochondria: 2ATP, pyruvate, NADH
D. cytoplasm: 36ATP, CO₂, H₂O
Glycolysis occurs in all living cells. The location and products of glycolysis in the cell are: (B) cytoplasm: 2ATP, pyruvate, NADH.
Glycolysis is also called the EMP pathway. It is common to all the organisms either aerobic or anaerobic. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The process does not require oxygen and is a composed 10 steps of chemical reactions that ultimately form 2 molecules of pyruvate.
NADH is a coenzyme that participates in the various process of metabolism. It stands for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) + Hydrogen (H). Its key role is to synthesize energy for the body.
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How are the cell walls of a plant and fungus different?
A.
The cell walls of fungi are made of glucans and chitin, while plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
B.
The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, while plant cell walls are made of glucans and cellulose.
C.
The cell walls of fungi are made of glucans and cellulose, while plant cell walls are made of chitin.
D.
The cell walls of fungi are made of cellulose, while plant cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.
A. The cell walls of fungi are made of glucans and chitin, while plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
Fungi- Fungi are nutrient-absorbing decomposers that digest organic matter. In fungus, spore formation is the means of reproduction. Heterotrophic organisms like fungi get their energy from those other organic materials. By releasing digestive enzymes that degrade organic matter and absorbing the nutrients, one obtains nutrition.
Plant- Since plants are autotrophs, they produce their own energy. Producing their own nourishment using radiant energy, plants are producers. Chlorophyll is found in cells called chloroplasts, which use solar light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose during a process known as photosynthesis. Seeds or spores are two ways that plants can reproduce. Plants' cell walls are formed of cellulose, which is crucial for providing structural support.
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ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which trnas interact with mrna during translation of an mrna sequence to a chain of amino acids. a ribosome has three binding sites, each of which has a distinct function in the trna-mrna interactions.
The three binding site of ribosomes are: iE- site empty, P- site AUA with three amino acids and A- site UCC with one amino acid
Ribosome through the provision of scaffolding, during the process of amino acid sequencing helps in the interaction of tRNA with mRNA. The ribosome has three binding site and each of the binding sites all have distinct function in tRNA- mRNA interactions.
During the first step tRNA binds to the A site of ribosome, then during the second step formation of the peptide bonds where tRNA binds with A site from P site. The third and last stage which is movement of the mRNA through the ribosome in which tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide shifts to the P site.
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If the bird birds' beak differences mean that each eats different foods, how did the trait become more common in the finches on different islands? ( hint: how does evolution cause different traits to become more or less common amongst a population of organism)
Answer:
Traits become common in finches on different islands because the islands each have different environments and food resources. Through natural selection, the birds gained different adaptions to help them survive and eat in their environment.
Explanation:
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Make an acrostic poem about CARBON
Acrostic of "carbon"
Cassock and sleeves as frost thistles,
a community of thinking creatures,
rainbows will color their robes,
backward wave that invades.
O great modern noises,
natron wear their footsteps with lint and buckles.
Hope that helps! Have an amazing rest of your day! :)
An acrostic poem about CARBON
Countless atoms bonded tight,A foundation for life's delight.Rings of six, strong and light,Building blocks that nature writes.Organic matter, day and night,Nurtures life, a cosmic rite.Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol "C" and the atomic number 6, making it an essential building block of life and a fundamental element in the periodic table. It is a non-metal, found in various forms, including graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon. Carbon atoms have a unique ability to bond with other atoms through covalent bonds, forming a wide array of compounds. Organic chemistry primarily revolves around carbon-based compounds, where carbon forms the backbone of complex molecules essential for living organisms.
One of the most remarkable aspects of carbon is its versatility. It can form single, double, and triple bonds with other atoms, allowing it to create a diverse range of structures and compounds. In living organisms, carbon-based molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, play crucial roles in energy storage, cellular structure, and genetic information
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Responding to the environment is a charestic of the life best shown by which example
Responding to the environment is a characteristic of the life best shown by a living organism.
What is a Living organism?This is referred to as a biological entity which is capable of transferring genetic traits to its offspring and also undergoes cell division which ensures its body parts grow. They are also involved in the search for food and other types of nutrients for their normal functioning.
Living organisms are able to perform such functions such as the following below:
GrowthIrritabilityMovementReproductionRespirationExcretion etc.Plants and animals possess special structures which enable them respond to different types of stimuli such as heat, cold etc. This enables the body system adjust and adapt thereby increasing the survival chances of the organism.
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suppose a cell has at least the following molecules and structures: enzymes, dna, ribosomes, plasma membrane, chloroplast, and mitochondria. it could be a cell from . question 3 options:
Answer:
it could be a eukaryotic cell
Explanation:
If a cell has enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, chloroplast, and mitochondria, then it would be a cell of plant origin.
What is a Cell?A cell may be defined as the structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Robert Hooke 1665 first discovered a dead cell while Antony Von Leeuwenhoek discovered a living cell in 1674.
According to the question, if a cell occupies a membrane-bound cell organelle known as chloroplast, then it would definitely belong to the kingdom Plantae. It is classified under the category of the eukaryotic cell which performs the process of photosynthesis for the manufacturing of food.
Therefore, if a cell has enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, chloroplast, and mitochondria, then it would be a cell of plant origin.
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I need help ASAP as possible! Please!
Describe how water molecules would be likely to arrange themselves if they were near other water molecules? If they were near other polar molecules? If they were near non-polar molecules?
When water molecules are arranged near other water molecules, they arrange themselves so that the oxygens are positioned near hydrogens on other molecules and they strongly stick together.
When water molecules are arranged near other polar molecules, they strongly interact with the other polar molecules that have partial charges, allowing them to dissolve many different materials like salts and many organic compounds. When arranged in this way, they stick strongly to each other.
When water molecules are arranged ear non-polar molecules, they are not electrostatically attracted to these water molecules, so they stay separate and do not stick together.
What are water molecules?A water molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen linked by covalent bonds to the same atom of oxygen. Water is a molecule because it contains molecular bonds.
Water is also a compound because it is made from more than one kind of element.
Due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and the hydrogen atoms in water, water molecules have a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. Hence, water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds occur between oxygen and hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules.
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a cell produces a protein that will be used by other cells. when the cell releases the protein into the extracellular fluid, what function has it performed?
Answer:
secretion
Explanation:
Secretion is a fundamental cellular process involving the regulated release of intracellular products from cells. Physiological functions such as neurotransmission, or the release of hormones and digestive enzymes, are all governed by cell secretion.
a plant cell, when initially placed in pure water, has a solute potential of -4 bars and a pressure potential of 2 bars. which way will the water go?
As mentioned in the preceding statement From a high potential area to a low potential area, the water moves.
Briefing:Water moves from a location of high potential to one of low potential in a plant cell since the potential of pure water is zero, which means that the flow is from the surrounding area into the cell.
Describe a plant cell:Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus and particular organelles to perform out particular tasks. Plant cells do, however, include several mitochondria that are distinct from those seen in other eukaryotes.
Which five primary plant cells are there?Meristems cells, parenchyma, collenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, and progenitor organs are the most common types of plant cells.
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What is the importance of subscripts when writing a chemical equation? (3 points)