how many single covalent bonds must a chlorine atom form to have a complete octet in its valence shell?

The total kinetic energy of a gas's molecules is influenced by its temperature and molar mass. However, all gases have same kinetic energy average when the temperature is the same.

In some specialized light sources, xenon is employed. It is activated by an electrical discharge, which results in a stunning blue glow. Sunbed lamps, bactericidal lamps for use in food processing, and high electrical flash bulbs for photographers are all uses for xenon lamps.

One of the noble gases, xenon is odorless, tasteless, colorless, and chemically inert. Although not hazardous by itself, its components are potent oxidizers that are extremely toxic.

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In the combustion of butane 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 5 moles of water are produced. Therefore, the number of carbon atom does not change at all.

Combustion reaction is the reaction of a gas with atmospheric oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The combustion reaction of butane gas is written as follows:

[tex]\rm C_{4} H_{8} + \frac{13}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 4 CO_{2} + 5H_{2}O[/tex].

As per this balanced equation, 4 moles of carbon dioxide are produced from one mole of butane. According to mass conservation law, total mass in a reaction will be conserved and no atoms lost or gained.

Hence, each element will be equal in number on both side. There are 4 carbon atoms in both side of the reaction. Thus number of carbon atoms does not change.

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According to the law of conservation of mass, the number of carbon atoms does not change and hence it best describes carbon atoms in the reaction.

According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .

Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.

Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.

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Yes, the unlabeled clear liquid water has a density of 1 gram/liter.

Density refers to the mass of an object in unit volume of a substance. The formula for density can be represented as density = Mass / Volume. Density is expressed in grams / cubic centimeter. A common unit of measurement for water's density is gram per milliliter i.e. 1 g/ml or 1 gram per cubic centimeter i.e. 1 g/cm3.

So the exact density of water is not 1 g/ml, but rather less at 0.99 g/ml at 4° Celsius which is about 39.2° Fahrenheit. Water is an inorganic, transparent, odorless, and colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of the hydrosphere of the earth and the fluids of all living organisms. It is important for all forms of life despite providing no food, energy, or organic micro-nutrients.

So we can conclude that the unlabeled clear liquid water has 1 gram/liter of density.

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Answer:

The two main categories of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.

Explanation:

Answer:

Mo-96

Explanation:

We know that isotopes are elements that have different numbers of neutrons while electron and proton numbers stay the same. Some isotopes exist in greater numbers than others. The atomic mass is the average of all the existing isotopes of an element. Therefore, the number the atomic mass is closest to is the most abundant isotope. We can round 95.94 to 96 because that is the closest number. That means that Mo-96 is the most abundant.

Answer:

The color would be red

Frequency = (speed) / (wavelength) = (3 x 108) / (670 x 10-9) = (3/670) x 1017 = 4.48 x 1014 Hz = 448,000 GHz.

Explanation:

zinc is more reactive than hydrogen it displaces hydrogen in dilute hydrochloric acid.

Life cannot exist without the chemical element zinc (Zn), which belongs to Group 12 (IIb, or the zinc group) of the periodic table and is one of the most widely utilized metals. Zinc has a significant commercial significance.

Average zinc content per ton in the Earth's crust is 65 grams (2.3 ounces), which is somewhat greater than copper. The primary zinc mineral, sphalerite, as well as its oxidation products, smithsonite and hemimorphite, make up almost all of the world's zinc ore. Native zinc deposits have reportedly been discovered in Australia, New Zealand, and the US. The main producers of zinc at the start of the twenty-first century are China, Australia, and Peru.

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The process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms can become more by emitting particles or electromagnetic radiation is called radioactive decay.

In the process of radioactive decay an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by electromagnetic radiation.This involves transformation of one element into another by changing the number of protons in the nucleus.It is the emission of energy in the form of radiation. This occurs due to instability of nucleus.emission of energy in the form of radiation.

Radioactivity is a source of heat.It causes a huge amount of energy released into the surrounding in the form of ionising radiation.This includes alpha ,beta and gamma rays.

After undergoing radioactive decay,it tends to transform into the atom of some other elements known as decay products.

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The intermolecular force that is common to both is the dipole forces

b) The lesser molecular mass of [tex]SeOF_{2}[/tex] made it to have a lesser boiling point.

We know that apart from the forces that holds the atoms together in a molecule, there is yet another force that holds the molecules together in a particular state of matter. Let us recall that matter is anything that has mass and occupy space.

If we look at the two compounds that we have, it is clear that the commonality between the two compounds is that the both of them are held together by the dipole forces because the molecules are composed of atoms that are polar.

On the other hand, there is a dispersion force that is found in every molecule. The magnitude of the dispersion forces depends on the molecular mas of the molecule. Given that [tex]SeOCl_{2}[/tex] has a greater molecular mass than [tex]SeOF_{2}[/tex], it would necessarily have  grater boiling point than the later.

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Explanation:

Chlorine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, but the chlorine atom's attraction for electrons is not sufficient to remove an electron from hydrogen. Consequently, the bonding electrons in hydrogen chloride are shared unequally in a polar covalent bond.

The shell's outside surface area is 452.57 cm2 and its inside metal volume is 636.95 cm3.

Atomic components like electrons, neutrons, & protons make up metals. The quantity of protons in an atom can be used to identify it from an atom of another element. About 25% of the earth's crust is made up of metals.

Diamond is merely an allotrope of carbon; it is in no manner a metal. It doesn't display any of the physical or chemical characteristics of metals, such as their electrical properties, malleability, ductility, or how they react to acids or salts, among other things.

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Answer:

boiling it

Explanation:

the most simple way to purify water both at home and in the wild, is by boiling in kettle or if you are in the wilderness simply by boiling it over a fire.

One of the ways to purify water is by filtration.

What is filtration process?

Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter material with a complicated structure through which only fluid can flow to separate solid matter and fluid from a mixture. Oversize solid particles are those that cannot pass through the filter medium, and the fluid that does is known as the filtrate. Oversize particles can form a filter cake on top of the filter and also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from passing through the filter, a process known as blinding. The effective pore size of a filter is the size of the biggest particles that can successfully pass through it.

Water can be purified by the process of filtration.

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The vapor escapes from the storage vessel it will mix with air and become flammable.

Inert is different from flushing. flushing ensures that no ignitable mixture is formed. Inerting makes flammable mixtures safe by introducing an inert gas. Exhaust gas generated from a ship's boiler into a scrubber by a fan cleaned and cooled to generate inert gas, which is sent to the ship's cargo tank as an inert gas.

Inert gas is an asphyxiating agent. Asphyxiating gases replace the oxygen in the air and reduce the oxygen you breathe. Without oxygen, you will die. Before entering a room with large amounts of inert gas, make sure there is enough oxygen in the room or have a self-contained breathing apparatus. They are said to adopt the noble gas configuration or the perfect electronic configuration.

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Because the Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) test is used to separate primary from secondary alcohols. Both major alcohols, methanol, and ethanol will undergo TCICA's oxidation process. Consequently, acetonitrile is employed as the solvent for the TCICA test rather than one of these.

What is TCICA test?

Simple primary and secondary alcohols can easily be separated from one another based on how quickly they oxidize when exposed to trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The TCICA test is carried out by adding the unknown to a solution of TCICA in acetonitrile3 containing hydrochloric acid4 and timing how long it takes for a precipitate5 to develop. Secondary alcohols respond quickly while primary alcohols react more slowly.

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From the balanced reaction equation shown, the mole ratio of the sulfuric aid and the boron hydroxide is 3:2.

We know that in a chemical reaction, there are two sides; the reactants side and the products side. In the reactants side, what we have are the species that were combined to be able to get the products that we would have on the right hand side.

We have to recall that the way the reaction takes place and the formula of the products that are formed depends on the formula of the reactants as well as the mole ratio of the reactants. The mole ratio has to do with the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and the products in the reaction.

We now have to study the reaction closely so that we can be able to obtain the mole ratio of the sulfuric acid and the boron hydroxide.

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8. Luster would be the least helpful property in determining whether a substance is a metal or non-metal.

What is Luster?

9. Phosphorus is the identified non-metal here.

What is a non-metal?

10. An element near Argon in the periodic table would probably be a poor heat conductor.

What is a periodic table?

11. The unit cm3 is used to express Volume.

What do you mean by the unit cm3?

12. The conversion factor 1L/103L would be used to change Liters to Milliliters.

What are Liters and Milliliters?

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Answer:

Using styrofoam cups is obviously a lot cheaper than using precise equipment, but it can still do the same job. However, remember that styrofoam cups are not exact and leave a lot of room for error.

The answer to the second part is: Calibration of Setup

Explanation: You can use these cups because their walls are insulated which prevents the transfer of heat between the system and its surroundings.

The mass of KHP titrated by the sodium hydroxide solution is  0.4178 g.

What is the balanced equation for this case?

[tex]HC_{8} H_{4} 0_{4} K + NaOH[/tex]  ==> [tex]C_{8} H_{4} O_{4}KNa + H_{2}O[/tex]

moles of NaOH used = 0.02046 L x 0.1000 moles/L = 0.002046 moles

NaOH = 0.002046 moles KHP (1:1 mole ratio from balanced equation).

Mass KHP = 0.002046 moles KHP x 204.22 g/mole =

= 0.41783 grams = 0.4178 g (to 4 significant figures

What are titrations?

Titration is the process of gradually adding one solution with a known concentration (referred to as a titrant) to the known volume of another solution with an unknown concentration. The titrant is added until the second solution's unknown concentration is neutralised by the titrant, which is frequently visible by a change in colour when employing an indicator.

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The Ph of the buffer solutions change after the addition of 10 drops of 0.1m NaOH because when a strong base (OH-) is added to the buffer solution, the hydroxide ions are consumed by the weak acid that results forming water and the weaker conjugate base of the acid.

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution which consists of a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base. Its PH changes in little amounts when we add small quantity of acid or base to it.

When we add a strong base (OH-) to the buffer solution, the hydroxide ions are consumed by the weak acid which results in forming water and the weaker conjugate base of the acid. As a result the amount of the weak acid decreases while the amount of the conjugate base increases.

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The magnitude of the crystal field stabilization energy in the octahedral field depends on (I) the nature of the ligand. (II) the charge of the metal ion; (III) whether the metal is in the first, second, or third row of the transition elements;

The crystal field stabilization energy is defined as the energy of the ligand field electronic configuration minus the energy of the isotropic field electronic configuration. CSFE depends on several factors, including: geometry (d changes the orbital splitting pattern) d number of electrons.

The splitting is pompous by the following-

The nature of the metal ion.

Oxidation state of metals. ...

Arrangement of ligands around metal ions.

Metal coordination numbers (i.e. tetrahedral, octahedral).

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The carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94 is 0.423.

Alloy is a substance that is composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a non - metal which are united among themselves by fusion in their molten state.

Iron-carbon alloy is an alloy than contains iron(metal) and carbon(non-metal) as its constituents.

Carbon concentration of iron-carbon alloy is calculated as follows:

W = {C (Fe₃C) - C₀} / {C (Fe₃C) - C}

⇒ 0.94 = (6.7 - C₀) / (6.7 - 0.022)

⇒ 0.94 × 6.678 = 6.7 - C₀

⇒ 6.277 = 6.7 - C₀

⇒ C₀ = 6.7 - 6.277

⇒ C₀ = 0.423

Hence, the carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94 is 0.423.

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Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.

The active transport can be as the movement of the particles from lower concentration to the higher concentration are on the opposite in the direction of the concentration gradient. in the given condition the particles are moving in the against the concentration gradient in an investigation so, this is an active transport. The active transport are of two types : the primary active transport and the secondary active transport.

Thus, Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.

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The process of photosynthesis is written as:

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

This means that reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules which are the products.

What are reactants?

Reactants → Products

A + B → C

In this example, A and B are reactants, and C is the product.

Such a reaction in which two or more than two reactants combine to form single product is called a Combination reaction.

The reactant is C, and the products are A and B.

Such a reaction in which a single reactant decomposes into its constituents elements or compounds is called a Decomposition reaction

Here, in photosynthesis equation, reactants are 6CO2 and 6H2O

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Answer: CONDENSED ELECTRON CONFIGURATION FOR MN2+ =

1.[Ar} 4[tex]s^{2[/tex] 3[tex]d^{3}[/tex]

2.This is paramaganetic

Explanation:

1. On the periodic table, you first find Mn which is in the "d block section"

The condensed electron configuration of Mn is [Ar} 4[tex]s^{2[/tex] 3[tex]d^{5}[/tex] however since the charge is 2+ this means that the atom is losing two-electron. So configuration as stated before is [Ar} 4[tex]s^{2[/tex] 3[tex]d^{3}[/tex]

2. This Configuration is paramagnetic since the "d" orbitals are not all filled with electrons.

Hope this helps someone out!

The molecular formula of this compound is C4H4O4 .

What is molar mass ?

In chemistry, the molar mass of a compound is defined as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of substance. This is the number of moles in that sample measured in moles. Molar mass is a mass property, a molecular property of matter. Molar mass is the average of many instances of a compound that often differ in mass due to the presence of isotopes . Most commonly, molar mass is calculated from standard atomic masses, so it is a global average and a function of the relative isotopic abundances of constituent atoms on Earth. Molar mass is good for converting between the mass of a substance and the quantity of a bulk substance.

1 mol contains 5.8/0.05 g = 116 g

of which 48 g is carbon

64g is oxygen remaining 4g hydrogen

4-C, 4-O, 4-H

C4H4O4

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Answer:

sp3

Explanation:

4 bonds to central atom with no lone pair

Both the desirable alkene and the unwanted triphenylphosphine oxide dissolve in DCM in this experiment. Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane).

is a typical organophosphorus substance with the formula P(C6H5)3, often known as PPh3 or Ph3P. The synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds makes extensive use of it. Colorless crystals of PPh3 are relatively air stable is called Triphenylphosphine.

A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry. Any hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds is referred to as an alkene, which is frequently used as a synonym for an olefin. A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry.

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Chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.

Minerals are defined as a naturally crystallized element or chemical compound that was created through geological processes. The growth of strong bones and teeth is one of minerals' three main purposes. controlling a cell's internal and external body fluids. transforming the food you eat into energy. They support the creation of new technology and are an integral component of daily living.

Inorganic materials include minerals. A mineral is an inorganic solid that forms naturally and has an ordered arrangement of atoms and ions as well as a distinct chemical composition. Your belt buckle, jewelry, and clothing zippers are all formed of metal, which is a mineral. An inorganic material is a mineral. It wasn't created by living things.

Thus, chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.

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DNA is composed of units called nucleotide , each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.

This is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and it is the genetic material of most organisms and ensures that traits are passed from the parent to offspring during the process of reproduction.

It is made up of units called nucleotide which contains different compounds such as the following below and is used for various purposes such as for identification.

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