a.) The resistance of the bulb is calculated l to be 4.58 Ohm and b.) The fraction of the chemical energy transformed which appears as internal energy in batteries is 8.4%.
What is electromotive force?Energy transfer to an electric circuit per unit of electric charge measured in volts is called electromotive force .
Given, Voltage= 1.5 Volts
Internal resistance A is 0.240 Ohms
Internal resistance B is 0.180 Ohms
and current = 600 mA = 0.6 Amps
a. To find resistance of the bulb:
The total electromotive force (E) of the electric circuit:
E = 2*1.5
= 3.0 Volts
Total internal resistance = 0.240 + 0.180 = 0.42 ohms
Electromotive force (E) is given by the formula:
E= V+ I r
E is electromotive force
V is voltage and I is the current.
r is internal resistance.
Ohm's law is given by:
V= I R
Given, Resistance, R = 4.58 Ohms
E = IR + I r
R= E/I - r
= (3/0.6) - 0.42
= 4.58 ohms
b. To determine what fraction of chemical energy transformed appears as internal energy in batteries:
the electromotive force (E) in the batteries. E b = I R
= 0.6 * 0.42
= 0.252 Volt
Percent= (Eb / E) * 10
=0.252/3
percent = 8.4 %
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question : Two 1.50-V batteries—with their positive terminals in the same direction—are inserted in series into the barrel of a flashlight. One battery has an internal resistance of 0.240 Ω, the other an internal resistance of 0.180 Ω. When the switch is closed, a current of 600 mA occurs in the lamp. (a) What is the bulb's resistance? Ω (b) What fraction of the chemical energy transformed appears as internal energy in the batteries? %
it takes to break a carbon-carbon double bond. calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon-carbon double bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon.
The energy required to break one mole of the C-C bond is 348 kJ and the maximum wavelength is 3.44 X 10⁻⁷ m.
Thus, the amount of energy needed to break one C-C bond is given as,
348 x 1000 / 6.023 x 10^23
Required energy is 5.78 x 10^-19 Joules.
The relationship between wavelength and energy is given as,
E = hc / λ
Where,
wavelength is λ
Planck's constant is h.
the speed of light, is c
Substitute the values in the expression to obtain the value of λ,
5.78 X 10⁻¹⁹ Joules = 6.62 X 10⁻³⁴ X 3 X 10⁸ / λ
λ = 3.44 X 10⁻⁷ m
The highest wavelength of light at which a single photon may break a carbon-carbon single bond is 3.44 X 10⁻⁷ m.
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PLEASE HELP!! All my points!!
Create a sale pitch poster about Solar energy with all of the needs in the instructions ( pros and cons list does not matter.
Answer:
Here is a sample sale pitch poster about solar energy:
"Go Solar with Confidence!
Are you tired of rising energy costs and looking for a more sustainable solution? Solar energy is the answer!
Pros:
Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of electricity. It doesn't produce any harmful greenhouse gases or pollutants, making it a great choice for the environment.
Solar panels are easy to install and maintain, with a lifespan of 25-30 years.
Solar energy can save you money on your energy bills, especially if you live in a sunny location.
Cons:
The initial cost of installing solar panels can be high, although there are various financing options available to help offset this expense.
Solar energy is not always reliable, as it depends on the availability of sunlight. However, advances in solar panel technology have made it possible to generate electricity even on cloudy days.
Why is it great?
Solar energy is a reliable and cost-effective way to generate electricity for your home or business. It can help you reduce your carbon footprint and protect the environment for future generations.
Why is it bad?
The upfront cost of installing solar panels can be a barrier for some people. However, the long-term financial benefits of switching to solar energy can far outweigh this initial investment.
Can you overcome those downfalls?
Yes, by exploring financing options and taking advantage of government incentives and rebates, you can make the switch to solar energy more affordable.
Be to the point:
Solar energy is a clean, renewable, and cost-effective way to generate electricity. It has a long lifespan and can save you money on your energy bills. Don't wait any longer - make the switch to solar today!"
calculate the percentage of phosphorus in calcium hydrogen phosphate
The percentage of P in Ca(H2PO4)2 is 26.42%.
Relative molecular mass of Ca(H2PO4)2
=40.07+(1×4)+(30.9×2)+(16×8)
=40.07+4+61.8+128
=233.87
Therefore, 233.87g Ca(H2PO4)2 contains 61.8g P.
So, 100g Ca(H2PO4)2 contains:
= 100×61.8/233.87
=26.42
Therefore, the percentage of P in Ca(H2PO4)2 is 26.42%.
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6. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
A) A
B) B
Vac
C) C
D) D
Mitochondria is responsible for the synthesis of ATP which is required for photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
It is defined as a process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert the light energy in to chemical energy through the process of cellular respiration.
Some of the energy which is converted is stored in molecules of carbohydrates like sugar and starches which are made up of from carbon dioxide and water . Photosynthetic organisms which can perform photosynthesis are algae and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the content of oxygen in earth's atmosphere.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
A.cell membrane
B.nucleus
C.lysosomes
D.mitochondria
E.vacuole
In dogs, there is a hereditary type of deafness caused by a recessive gene. Two dogs who carry the gene for deafness but have normal hearing are going to be mated. What is the genotype of the two parent dogs?
A given sample of n2 gas has a pressure of 0. 30 atm at 30. 0 °c. If the volume is 2. 0 l, how many moles of n2 are present?.
The number of mols of N2 present 0.3 atm pressure and 30 °C is 0.0781 mol
What are mole?
The term "mole" (also spelled "mole") refers to a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of extremely small objects like atoms, molecules, or other specific particles. The mole represents 6.02214076 10^23 units, an astronomically large number.
At STP, which is denoted as 0°C (273.15 K, 32°F), the molar volume of a gas is 22.414 L/mol. By calculating the moles of nitrogen in 1.75 L at STP using dimensional analysis we get
1.75 L N2 divided by 1 mole per 22.414 L equals 0.0781 mol.
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according to the uncertainty principle, as you localize a wave in time, you become more uncertain about its:_____.
Answer:
position
Explanation:
cant know both at the same time
caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages. add lone pairs, as needed, to the structure of caffeine.
Here we add lone paris,to the structure of caffeine.
What is caffeine?Caffeine is a type of drug. It is used as a cognitive inhancer.
We've been looking at then following structure. We definitely would like to look at it is the geometries of some of the centers. We'll look to it geometry here. Yes, yeah. Down here as well. We have a bonding angle of less than 107.5 because we have a trig onal planer with a bonding angle of 120. This is the site has a geometry with all the bounding angles of 109.5. it is the funding angles of less than 107.5 carbon site here and less than 120 carbon site of here are the tribunal to the parameters. My substitute if luck with the has the same geometry with bonding angles as before.
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the vsepr model is used mainly to multiple choice question. a) write resonance structures. b) determine molecular shape. c) measure intermolecular distances. d) determine ionic charge.
The VSEPR theory predicts the form of the molecule based on the bonding electron pairs and lone electron pairs around the core atom since molecular shape is dependent on the electrons surrounding the central atom.
How does the VSEPR theory describe the structure of molecules?Valence shell electron pair repulsion is the name given to the underlying concept in molecular structures (VSEPR). In essence, it states that because electron pairs are made up of negatively charged particles, they are attracted to one another and want to keep as far apart as possible.
Based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs between the atoms in a molecule or ion, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis is a model used to predict 3-D molecular shape.
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Is making jam a physical or chemical change
Answer: Chemical change
Explanation:
When making jam, you are mixing different ingredients together that form a new substance.
Answer:
· Yes it is a chemical change because when you're making the jam, the chemicals of the ingredients come together
Explanation:
determine the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 0.026 g of a hydrocarbon solute (molar mass
The osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 0.026g of a hydrocarbon solute is 4.0 torr.
What is osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by a solution due to the concentration of dissolved particles and the presence of a semipermeable membrane, which prevents the passage of some particles. This pressure can be present in both living and non-living systems. In living systems, osmotic pressure is the force that is responsible for the movement of water and other solutes across cell membranes. In non-living systems, osmotic pressure occurs when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The higher the concentration of dissolved particles, the greater the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure plays an important role in the absorption and movement of water and other substances throughout the body. It is also important in industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.
moles of solute=mass/molar mass =0.026/340g/mol=7.647×10⁻⁵
Molarity=moles/volume in solution
=7.647ₓ10⁻⁵/0.350L=0.000218M
osmotic pressure(Pi)=MRT
Pi=0.000218ₓ0.0821ₓ293
=0.00525atm
now,1 atm= 760 torr
so, 0.00525 atm= (760ₓ0.00525)
=3.99 torr
=4.00 torr
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The heat of combustion for sugar is 5639 kJ/mole, but that for TNT is 3406 kJ/mole. Why, if the heat of combustion for TNT is smaller than for sugar, is TNT an explosive?
Heat of combustion used to explain the relative stability of the compounds.
The heat of combustion definition is the variation in energy released in the form of heat through the burning of an amount of any substance, all reactants being in the standard state (temperature of 25 C and pressure of 1 atm).
When the amount is quantified for 1 mole of said substance, one can define this quantity as the molar heat of combustion.
The molar heat of combustion values are defined in kilojoules per mole (KJ/mol). The kilojoule is a unit of energy and corresponds to 1000 or Joules (J). Mole is a unit of measurement used to express the amount of matter.
Now sugar is a non electrolyte so comparatively more stable hence more energy required to decompose the sugar hence its heat of combustion value is -5639kJ/mol high.
Where as TNT used as an explosive so it is susceptible for reaction and combustion, hence low amount of heat of combustionnis required for TNT that is -3406kJ/mol whuch is comparatively lower.
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22. What is the difference between lodine-130 and lodine-131?
The first radioiodine isotopes to be used to treat thyrotoxicosis were iodine-130 and iodine-131 in 1941, and thyroid cancer was added to their list of uses in 1943.
What is Reactor produced radioiodine?Iodine-131, the most frequently prescribed radioiodine isotope for treating thyroid conditions, is a radioactive created in reactors and is widely available in the market. Uranium-235 isotope fission and the so-called (n, ) reaction are its two primary production processes.Iodine-131 is a radioisotope that is simple to obtain in pure form as its chain yield is quite high and radioiodine isotopes with masses higher than 131 have a short half-life. Contrarily, Technetium-130 undergoes a reaction with (n, ) to produce Technetium-131m and Technetium-131g. Depending on whether a wet chemical separation or a dry distillation process is employed, TeO2 or Te-metal is the target material for irradiation.Iodine-131 has a high radiochemical purity and is marketed as a diluted sodium hydroxide solution. When using iodine-131 to identify organic molecules, it may interfere if a certain reducing agent is used to preserve the isotope in the form of iodide in certain solutions.Another radioisotope created in reactors is iodine-125, which is formed when Xenon-124 undergoes the (n, ) reaction. High chemical and radiochemical purity iodine-125 is marketed as a diluted sodium hydroxide solution. It contains 4 to 11 GBq/ml of radioactive material.To Learn more About radioiodine refer to:
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Make a claim question about energy and states of matter
The same amount of matter can represent distinct states of matter by having different amounts of energy. An ice cube comprised of water, for instance, changes into liquid water when you add energy, and when you add even more energy, it turns into steam.
What is energy ?In order to accomplish work and to produce heat and light, energy must be transferred to a body or to a physical system. Energy is the quantitative attribute that does this. It is a mechanically accepted quantity.
The observable cosmos is made up of matter, which coupled with energy serves as the foundation for all objective occurrences. In physics, energy is the ability to perform work. It could exist in several forms, such as potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, radioactive, etc.
Thus, The same amount of matter can represent distinct states of matter by having different amounts of energy.
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HELP ASAP PLEASE CHEMISTRY!!!
Answer:
3MgI2 + Fe2S3 -> 3MgS + 2FeI3
Reaction Type
1.Double Displacement
2.Oxidation-Reduction
which of the following can exist as cis-trans isomers? a. cyclohexane b. methylcyclohexane c. 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane d. 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
The option d) is correct i.e. 1,2 - dimethyl cyclohexane which can exist as cis-trans isomers.
What are isomers?
Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures. This means that they contain the same number of atoms of each element, but they are arranged differently. Isomers can be divided into two categories: structural isomers, where the atoms are connected in different ways, and stereoisomers, where the atoms are connected the same way but arranged differently in space. An example of structural isomers is the difference between butane and isobutane, which are both made up of 4 carbons and 10 hydrogen atoms, but have different structures. An example of stereoisomers is the difference between D-glucose and L-glucose, which are both C6H12O6, but their atoms are arranged differently in space.
The compounds which same molecular formula and different connections are constitutional isomers.
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Write structural formulas for the products of 1,2 and 1,4 addition of hydrogen chloride to 2,4−hexadiene.
The structural formulas for the products of 1,2 and 1,4 addition of hydrogen chloride to 2,4−hexadiene is verified.
Define structural formula.
Chemical formulas known as structural formulas can provide a more thorough understanding of a substance than molecular formulas.
Explanation:
For the given reaction,
The first double bond receives an addition of H-Cl in the 1,2-addition reaction; the second double bond is not involved in the reaction.
However, in the 1,4-addition reaction, the first step is the same, but the second step is different because the location of the second double bond changes and Cl- is added to the fourth carbon because the second double bond demonstrates the need to stabilize the carbocation.
The reactions are represented in the following image.
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how many milliliters of a 12 m nitric acid solution are needed for a reaction that requires 4.50 mol of h ?
215 ml is needed for a reaction that requires 4.50 mol of h
What is molarity?
The method of figuring out how much of a material a certain chemical solution contains is known as molecularity, sometimes known as the molar concentration of a solution. It is measured by taking into account two indications, namely the volume of the solution and the quantity of solute molecules. Essentially, the volume of the solution is determined in liters. The letter "M" stands for molarity.
According to the given information:
Make use of the equation molarity = amount of moles / number of litres.
Rearrange the equations to read: no. of moles = no. of litres x molarity and no. of litres = no. of moles / molarity.
There are (0.215 x 1) = 0.215 moles of HCl in 215 ml of 1 M HCl (aq).
The volume of 12 M HCl (aq) containing 0.215 mol of HCl is equal to (0.215/12) = 0.0179 litre or 17.9 ml.
As a result, you would use 17.9 ml of 12 M HCl, which you would then dilute with water to get a total volume of 215 ml
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what kind of problems can you foresee if every speck of carbon were turned into biomass? why?
Since there wouldn't be sufficient carbon in the environment for plant to carry out biological processes, life would die.
Who or what makes up carbon?The nucleus of a carbon atom is made up of six protons and six neutrons, and it is encased in six electrons. According to quantum physics, the first two electrons must occupy the innermost atomic orbital, while a wavefunctions of the following four electrons only partially fill the secondary standard and 3-second principal orbitals.
What products uses carbon?Coal, methane gas, & crude oil are all utilized as fuels. It is employed to create a wide range of products, including polymers and steel alloys. Even black ink for printing and painting is produced with it.
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Which of the following mixtures would result in the pK, of the acid being obtained from a direct pH
measurement of the resulting solution?
A. 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 HCl and 25 cm^3 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaCl
B. 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaOH and 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 CH3COOH
C. 12.5 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 CH3COOH and 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaOH
D. 12.5 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaOH and 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm^-3 CH3COOH
The mixtures would result in the pk, of the acid being obtained from a direct pH measurement of the resulting solution is 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm⁻³HCl and 25 cm³ 0.1 mol dm⁻³ NaCl. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is pH ?The pH scale, which previously stood for "potential of hydrogen," is used to describe how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. The pH values of acidic solutions are lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.
The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.
A solution's pH is a significant indicator of its chemical composition. The pH can affect how readily available nutrients are, how biological processes work, how bacteria behave, and how chemicals behave.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Yo help a brother out you don’t want me to fail right
a. The names for the compounds in the task above are given below:
Fe2O3: Ferric oxide NiCl: Nickel chloride Co3P: Cobalt (II) phosphide Co3N2: Cobalt (II) NitrideAg2S: silver silver sulfideFeCl2: Iron(II) chlorideFeCl3: Iron(III) chlorideHNO3: Hydrogen trioxonitrate VH2CO3: Hydrogen trioxocarbonateIVb. The correct formulas for the compounds in the problem above are:
Copper (II) sulfide: CuSMecury (IV) chloride: HgCl2Iron (I) nitride: Fe2NZinc (II) bromide: ZnBr2Vanadium (V) oxide: V2O5Silver (III) phosphide: Ag3PNickel (II) sulfide: NiSHydrofluoric acid: HF.What is meant by the formula of a chemical compound?The formula of a compound is the chemical representation of chemical substance. The symbols of the individual elements which forms the compound is used in analysing the chemical formula of particular compund.
From the task given above, HNO3 is a compound which is formed by hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen and their symbols are used to form the formula.
In conclusion, it can be deduced from the explanation given above that the formulae of chemical species is used to represent chemical equation.
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you predict that you should make 8.41 x 1024 molecules of ammonia in your reaction. how many grams of ammonia will you make if your prediction is correct?
The ammonia molecules involved in your process. 2.39 g of ammonia will be produced by you.
given that :
No. of ammonia there: 8.41 × 10²⁴
molar mass of ammonia : 17 g /mol
no. of molecules = (mass / molar mass ) × Avogadro's number
8.41 × 10²⁴ = (mass / 17 ) × 6.022 × 10²³
mass = 17 / 7.1
mass = 2.39 g
Consequently, a reaction that will produce ammonia as a byproduct. You project that your process should produce 8.41 × 10²⁴ ammonia molecules. 2.39 grams of ammonia can be produced.
What does the chemical term "molecular" mean?
The most frequent uses of the term "molecular" are in biology and chemistry, and it invariably refers to the tiniest components of living things or substances. The name molecule, which meaning "very minute particle," is derived from the Latin word molecula, which means "small bulk."
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What is the mass of an object with a density of 2g/mL that displaces 1.5mL of water?
O 0.50
O 1.75
O there is not enough information to tell
O 3
Answer:
1.75
Explanation:
if you add
first, alex dose an exprerimen wich she fills 2 cups with cold liquid at the same tempeture: 1 with the new lid she finds that the liquid in one cup warmed up more than the liquid in the other cup after 10 minuts wich cup do yo think it wermed up more why
The temperature of liquid in a cup with a lid changes less than in a cup without a lid.
How does a lid affect the temperature of liquid inside the cup?It is well known that in a closed system, neither heat nor matter will be transferred from the system to the environment. In contrast, in an open system, energy and heat are exchanged from the system to its surroundings and vice versa.
Cup with the lid (cup A) is a closed system in this situation, but Cup without lid (cup B) is an open system. Therefore, there won't be any heat or material transfer from cup A to the system or surroundings. As a result, cup B warm up slowly.
We can conclude that cup with lids are able to keep liquid cool better than the cup without the lids. Therefore, after 10 minutes the liquid in the cup without lid will be more warmed up.
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Why is it that when the potential energy is higher in the products of a reaction than the reactants is it less stable and vice-versa?
Answer:
Explanation:
It is generally true that when the potential energy of the products of a reaction is higher than the potential energy of the reactants, the reaction is less stable and less likely to occur spontaneously. This is because potential energy is a measure of the stored energy of a system, and when the potential energy of the products is higher than the reactants, it means that more energy is being stored in the products than in the reactants. This excess of energy makes the products less stable and more reactive, as they are seeking to release the excess energy and return to a more stable state.
On the other hand, when the potential energy of the reactants is higher than the potential energy of the products, the reaction is more stable and more likely to occur spontaneously. This is because the reactants have more potential energy, meaning that they are more reactive and seeking to release that energy in order to return to a more stable state. The products, on the other hand, have lower potential energy and are more stable, so the reaction is more likely to occur as the reactants seek to release their excess energy and reach a lower energy state.
Overall, the stability of a reaction depends on the relative potential energies of the reactants and products, with reactions being more stable when the potential energy of the reactants is higher than the potential energy of the products.
What effects does a dysfunctional nervous system have on other systems of the body? Provide at least one specific example.
Considering the nervous system is the "control center" of the human body, without a functioning nervous system, there would be no way for signals to reach other organ systems in the body. An example of this can be seen with the muscular and skeletal systems. If the brain is unable to send out signals to these two organ systems, then they would cease to move or even stand up straight. Say if you were to break your spinal cord, there would be no way for the brain reach your leg muscles because the nerves in your spine are now damaged and can therefore not carry out signals from the brain.
given that the enthalpy of the reaction shown below is -2511.14 kj, how much energy would be produced if 20.5 g of c2h2 is combusted with excess o2?
Answer:
Hope this helps
Explanation:
hjnm
What’s the between reflective symmetry in mathematics and bilateral symmetry in nature?
An object has reflection symmetry (line or mirror symmetry) if a line runs through it, dividing it into two mirror images of each other.
What is reflection symmetry ?Reflection symmetry is a type of symmetry that pertains to reflections. Line symmetry and mirror symmetry are other terms for reflection symmetry. It states that if there is at least one line that divides a figure into two halves, with one half mirroring the other.
A biradial animal has only two planes of symmetry, one passing through the anteroposterior and sagittal axes and the other through the anteroposterior and transverse axes.
Thus, An object has reflection symmetry if a line runs through it, dividing it into two mirror images of each other.
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for each acid-base reaction, determine whether the equilibrium favors the starting materials or the products. click on the side of the reaction, which is favored.
Stronger/stronger weaker/weaker is indeed the reaction that is energetically preferred because acids and bases are conjugates, where the stronger acids is on the same side as that of the stronger base.
Equilibrium inside an acid-base reaction favors what?In acid-base processes, equilibrium is always in the favor of the weaker side.The pKa values for the compounds functioning as acids are displayed beneath their structures in the example below.Because the weaker acid and base are on the left, equilibrium is in the favor of the left.
How is the path of an acid-base balance determined?Finding the pKa for the acid on the left and deducting it from it allows us to utilize our pKa values to anticipate the point of equilibrium.
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draw the organic product formed when 1−hexyne is treated with h2o, h2so4, and hgso4. click the draw structure button to launch the drawing utility.
2-hexanone will be formed after 1−hexyne is treated with h2o, h2so4, and hgso4.
What are organic molecules?
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive.
Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living things incorporate inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes (the carbon cycle) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and other organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light (photosynthesis) or other sources of energy. Most synthetically-produced organic compounds are ultimately derived from petrochemicals consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, which are themselves formed from the high pressure and temperature degradation of organic matter underground over geological timescales. This ultimate derivation notwithstanding, organic compounds are no longer defined as compounds originating in living things, as they were historically.
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