Answer:
1, divergent
We all have a common ancestor from around 60 million years ago
In his journey to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin was amazed by the variation in the characteristics of plants and animals he encountered. In any habitat, food can be limited and the types of foods available may vary. One year, there was no rain on these islands. Many plants failed to bloom and produced no new seeds. This left mostly large, tough seeds for the finches to eat. Describe one change in beak characteristics that would most likely occur in the finch population after many generations if this change in seed size became permanent.
PLEASE HELP!!!! WILL GIVE BRAINELIST
Please summarize to answer, how do cells undergo differentiation to form the numerous types of cells in the body?
Cellular differentiation, or simply cell differentiation, is the process through which a cell undergoes changes in gene expression to become a more specific type of cell. The process of cell differentiation allows multi-cellular organisms to create uniquely functional cell trt42ypes and body plans. The process of cell differentiation is driven by genetics, and their interaction with the environment.
All organisms begin from a single cell. This single cell carries the DNA coding for all the proteins the adult organism will use. However, if this cell expressed all of these proteins at once it would not be functional. This cell must divide repeatedly, and the cells must begin the process of cell differentiation as they divide. The cell lines begin to emerge, and the cells get more and more specific. Eventually, an entire organism is formed with hundreds of different cell types from this process of cell differentiation.
The original mass of cells, which have not undergone differentiation, are known as stem cells. Unlike normal cell division, which creates two identical daughter cells, the division of stem cells is asymmetric cell division. In this case, one of the cells remains identical to the parent stem cell. In the other cell, chemical triggers activate the process of cell differentiation, and the cell will start to express the DNA of a specific cell type. Stem cells which can differentiate into entire organisms are known as embryonic stem cells and are said to be totipotent.
By contrast, the body also has many cells which are only pluripotent. These cells have already undergone some cell differentiation. These stem cells can only divide into a narrow range of cell types. Bone marrow, for instance, contains somatic stem cells which can only become red blood cells. These cells are necessary for the constant replenishment of blood cells, which are mostly inactive besides their oxygen-carrying ability.
Cell Differentiation Examples
In Animals
After the process of fertilization in animals, a single-celled organism called the zygote is formed. The zygote is totipotent, and will eventually become an entire organism. Even the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale, starts as a single cell. The complex tissues and organ systems, which are completely different in their form and function, all come from the zygote. The process of cell differentiation starts early within the organism. By the time the gastrula has formed, the cells have already started expressing various portions of the DNA.
These changes drive the first folding processes within the embryo. As the tissues continue to form, some cells begin releasing hormones, or chemical triggers which signal various cells to react. Hormone signals direct the expression of DNA in various body parts, which drives their cell differentiation further. In humans it only takes a little over a month for a rudimentary heart and circulatory system to form.
As the systems continue to form, many of the stem cells lose their totipotency, themselves undergoing cell differentiation. This allows for faster production of specialized cells, which the growing organism needs to sustain its growth and enter the world with success. Through cell differentiation, tissues as different as brain tissue and muscle are formed from the same single cell.
Answer:
sana po nakatulong thanks❤
which type of transport requires energy to move a molecule
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Passive transport
Answer: The answer is “A. Active transport.”
Have a nice day!
Explain Nitrogen cycle [ step by step ]
Explanation:
Nitrogen is essential to life because it is a key component of proteins and nucleic acids. Nitrogen occurs in many forms and is continuously cycled among these forms by a variety of bacteria. Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere as diatomic nitrogen gas (N2), it is extremely stable, and conversion to other forms requires a great deal of energy. Historically, the biologically available forms NO3- and NH3 have often been limited; however, current anthropogenic processes, such as fertilizer production, have greatly increased the availability of nitrogen to living organisms. The cycling of nitrogen among its many forms is a complex process that involves numerous types of bacteria and environmental conditions.
In general, the nitrogen cycle has five steps:
Nitrogen fixation (N2 to NH3/ NH4+ or NO3-)
Nitrification (NH3 to NO3-)
Assimilation (Incorporation of NH3 and NO3- into biological tissues)
Ammonification (organic nitrogen compounds to NH3)
Denitrification(NO3- to N2)
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which gaseous nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia (NH3 or NH4+) via biological fixation or nitrate (NO3-) through high-energy physical processes. N2 is extremely stable and a great deal of energy is required to break the bonds that join the two N atoms. N2 can be converted directly into NO3- through processes that exert a tremendous amount of heat, pressure, and energy. Such processes include combustion, volcanic action, lightning discharges, and industrial means. However, a greater amount of biologically available nitrogen is naturally generated via the biological conversion of N2 to NH3/ NH4+. A small group of bacteria and cyanobacteria are capable using the enzyme nitrogenase to break the bonds among the molecular nitrogen and combine it with hydrogen.
Nitrogenase only functions in the absence of oxygen. The exclusion of oxygen is accomplished by many means. Some bacteria live beneath layers of oxygen-excluding slime on the roots of certain plants. The most important soil dwelling bacteria, Rhizobium, live in oxygen-free zones in nodules on the roots of legumes and some other woody plants. Aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria utilize oxygen-excluding cells called heterocysts.
Nitrification
Nitrification is a two-step process in which NH3/ NH4+ is converted to NO3-. First, the soil bacteria Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus convert NH3 to NO2-, and then another soil bacterium, Nitrobacter, oxidizes NO2- to NO3-. These bacteria gain energy through these conversions, both of which require oxygen to occur.
Assimilation
Assimilation is the process by which plants and animals incorporate the NO3- and ammonia formed through nitrogen fixation and nitrification. Plants take up these forms of nitrogen through their roots, and incorporate them into plant proteins and nucleic acids. Animals are then able to utilize nitrogen from the plant tissues.
Ammonification
Assimilation produces large quantities of organic nitrogen, including proteins, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Ammonification is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia. The ammonia produced by this process is excreted into the environment and is then available for either nitrification or assimilation.
Denitrification
Denitrification is the reduction of NO3- to gaseous N2 by anaerobic bacteria. This process only occurs where there is little to no oxygen, such as deep in the soil near the water table. Hence, areas such as wetlands provide a valuable place for reducing excess nitrogen levels via denitrification processes.
Common Forms of Nitrogen
The most common forms of inorganic nitrogen in the environment are diatomic nitrogen gas (N2), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonia (NH3), and ammonium (NH4+). The species that predominate depend on the chemical, physical, and biological environment.
In aquatic environments, the presence of nitrogen as unionized ammonia (NH3) or ammonium (NH4+) is dependent on the pH and temperature.
When the pH is below 8.75, NH4+ predominates. Increases in pH signify increases in the hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of the water, meaning the above reaction will shift to the left in order to reach equilibrium. Above a pH of 9.75, NH3 predominates (Hem, 1985). NH3 is a more toxic to aquatic life. If biological assimilation of NH3 is not occurring at a sufficient rate, NH3 may accumulate and cause detrimental effects to aquatic life.
In soils, NH4+ ions are strongly sorbed by clay particles and organic matter, which have a net negative surface charge. In alkaline soils, NH4+ will be converted to NH3 gas, and lost to the atmosphere. Under warm growing conditions, NH4+ in the soil will be transformed to NO3- via nitrification. NO3- is very soluble, and can easily be leached from soils under wet conditions.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. All living things are made of the same elements.
B. Every organism is made of different elements.
C. Every species is made of different elements.
D. All matter is made of the same 10 elements.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
its written that every living thing is made of different objects
In the space provided, write the letter of the phrase that best answers the
question.
6. Which of the following does NOT affect the photosynthesis rate of a
plant?
a. air temperature
b. soil type
c. light intensity
d. carbon dioxide concentration
Answer:
I think B
Explanation:
I think B
Sorry if I am wrong.
Answer:
a. air temperature
Explanation:
took test and got right :)
2. Define ecosystem in your own words.
ph del repollo?? cual es pls!!
Answer:
5.6
Explanation:
lo saqué de esta pagina, espero te sirva para más cosas :))
http://www.food-info.net/es/qa/qa-fp65.htm
Which of the following is TRUE about the water cycle?
I. Evaporation occurs when liquid water becomes a gas (water vapor). Transpiration is basically evaporation from living things such as plants.
II. Condensation occurs when water vapor becomes liquid, forming clouds.
III. Rain and snow are examples of precipitation. Runoff occurs as a result of precipitation.
IV. Bacteria are very important to the water cycle.
Answer:
I, II, III, IV
Explanation:
Evaporation happens when a liquid turns into a gas.
Condensation happens when water vapor turns into a liquid.
Examples of precipitation is rain and snow. Runoff does happen because of precipitation.
Bacteria fixes nitrogen into forms by usable plants. Bacteria is very important to to the water cycle.
PLEASE ANSWER ASAP I AM BEING TIMED!!!
Discuss how destructive fishing practices damage coral reefs.
please explain. this is a written answer. only answer if you are 100%
Answer:
Apart from poisoning the fish, this toxic fishing activity kills animals that are essential to the aquatic environment, such as corals, and provide food and shelter for a number of marine species. One square meter of coral reef is lost with every fish captured using this method. Also, overfishing has the potential to deplete main reef habitats and damage coral habitat. In many places, rapid human population growth, increased demand, the use of more advanced fishery technology, and insufficient maintenance and regulation have resulted in the extinction of key coral species and habitat damage.
BTW, I used my own words
Can I have brainliest?
Answer:
When poisoning the fish other animals around in the aquatic envoiroment like for example corals, which porvide food and shelter for many species of underwater creatures. If this is not stopped coral reefs will become extint which is really bad not only for the species which feed and live there but also to the enviorment.
Explanation:
Explain how the cell division of cancer cells like these are misregulated. Identify genetic and other changes that might have caused these cells to escape normal cell cycle regulation
Answer:
Due to non-functioning of protein.
Explanation:
The cell division of cancer cells like these are misregulated because they can't be control by the proteins that is responsible for the control cell division. The cancer cells can multiply without any growth control factors, or growth-stimulating protein signals that control its growth. There are some proteins that is responsible for control of cell division but due to mutation that protein of substance stop working and the cancer cell grows uncontrollable.
i need help asap, please
What will finding evidence of microbial life in another world teach us about life in general?
Answer:
Explanation:
There are many things it would teach us. First, it would teach us that we are not alone in the universe. Secondly, it will teach us that there is life that can survive in extremely harsh environments. This will also allow us to examine and understand the biological mechanisms that allow these microbes to survive in these environments. This alone can open up hundreds of doors in science, allowing us to develop new technology, theories, fields etc. There is so much that we can learn about life in general from a single living alien microbe.
According to the theory of natural selection some individuals in a population survive while others die he proposed that survival is due to the
Answer:
Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
Explanation:
Basically ones that are best adapted for their environment. (I'm assuming "he" is Darwin?)
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THREE QUESTION ABOUT BIOLOGY!! WILL GIVE BRAIN!!
Explanation:
1).True
2).false
3).false
Answer:
Sorry, it wouldn't really let me post it :\
which of these describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. A system of folded membranes
B. A tiny organelle that has. o membrane.
C. a rigid, protective layer found outside the cell membrane.
D. an organelle surrounded by a double membrane containing dna.
Answer:
The answer is : A
A student makes a model to represent community as a level of organization within a desert
ecosystem. Which list of items should the student choose for the model? *
1.six saguaro cacti and a cup of sand
2.three sand dunes and a cup of water
3.three saguaro cacti, five roadrunners, and two rattlesnakes
Answer:
The correct answer is - 3. three saguaro cacti, five roadrunners, and two rattlesnakes.
Explanation:
A community is a group of interacting populations, in a particular ecosystem, of different species. The group of the same species is known as the population of the ecosystem. In the desert ecosystem, there should be a different group of populations should be found that interact with one other.
Among the given options, the third list has a different kind of species present three saguaro cacti, five roadrunners, and two rattlesnakes interact with one other and depend on one other for food and energy.
how does the word "haploid" apply to the gametes formed during meiosis. Why is it important that gametes are haploid instead of diploid?
Meiosis only occurs in reproductive cells, as the goal is to create haploid gametes that will be used in fertilization. Meiosis is important to, but not the same as, sexual reproduction. Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction to occur, as it results in the formation of gametes sperm and eggs.
What is the best way to increase predators of pests?
A. increase habitat
B. increase pest populations
C. decrease pollution
D. decrease variety of crops
The answer is b. the more pests the more predators
What particles bond together to
form molecules?
A. Atoms
B. Neutrons
C. Compounds
D. Protons
Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. All cells come from pre-existing cells
B. All cells are eukaryotic
C. All living things are made up of cells
D. Cells are the basic unit of life
Answer:
The answer gonna be B that would be your final answer
Answer:
B. All cells are eukaryotic
Explanation:
All of the cells are eukaryotic is not a part of the cell theory.
Jackrabbits living in the desert have large ears that help release body heat. Large ears are an adaptation to which is limiting factor?
Answer:
It is the adaptation to the limiting factor temperature.
Explanation:
The presence of long ears is the most astonishing characteristic of jackrabbits. These long ears are the jackrabbits' adaptation to their native desert habitat, which helps them to cool down the temperature of their body. The ears allowed them to do so as they are thin and possess an extensive mass of blood vessels. When the temperature of the desert becomes hard to hands, the long ears of jackrabbits allow them to enhance the flow of blood via the ears by dilating its blood vessels. This dilation helps to deflect heat from the body and thus cools the creature.
A scientist is tracking and studying all of the great white sharks in an ecosystem
close to Hawaii. What is She is studying
in an ecosystem.
a community
a competition
an environment
a population please help
Answer:
An environment is the correct answer
Explanation:
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Hope this answer helps you :)
Have a great day
Mark brainliest
PLEASE ANSWER ALL
question 11
As populations grow individuals tend to compete for....
A. resource
B. stress
C. independence
D. dominance
______________________
question 12
How do biotic resources differ from abiotic resources?:
A. biotic resources are more important than abiotic resources
B. biotic resources are limited and abiotic are unlimited
C. biotic resources are living and abiotic resources are nonliving
D. biotic resources are non-living and abiotic resources are living
_______________________
question 13
An example of a consumer in a pond ecosystem is:
A. water lily
B. algae
C. reed
D. frog
______________________
question 14
A food chain shows:
A. one possible pathway for energy
B. many possible pathways for energy
C. the amount of energy available to a producer
D. the amount of energy available to a consumer
______________________
question 15
In an energy pyramid , the bottom level represents:
A. comsumers
B. producers
C. scavengers
D. decomposers
______________________
question 16
In the following food chain , which organism is the primary consumer?
grass > rabbit > snake > hawk
A. grass
B. rabbit
C. snake
D. hawk
_____________________
question 17
Which of these food chains is in the correct order?
A. caterpillar, water lily, frog, snake
B. water lily, caterpillar, frog, snake
C. snake, frog, caterpillar, snake
______________________
question 18
In the terrestrial food web, what would be the effect of a farmer introducing a rat poison in to the ecosystem that is toxic to rats and mice?
A. the population of fox would decrease
B. the population of grasshoppers would decrease
C. the population of hawks would increase
D. the population of rabbits would decrease
______________________
question 19
Examples of abiotic resource in a pond ecosystem is:
A. temperature
B. algae
C. fish
D. frogs
_______________________
question 20
In the food chain, a snake is an example of a:
A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
Question 11.
Answer: A resources
Question 12:
Answer: C biotic factors are living whilst abiotic factors are non-living
Question 13:
Answer: D. a frog is a consumer
Question 14:
Answer: A. one possible pathway for energy
Question 15:
Answer: B producers make up the bottom or largest level
Question 16:
Answer: B rabbit is the first consumer so it is the primary consumer
Question 17:
Answer: B producer is first, then primary consumer, then secondary and finally tertiary
Question 18:
Answer: A the foxes eat the poisoned rodents and thus would die
Question 19:
Answer: A temperature is a non-living factor (abiotic)
Question 20:
Answer: D the snake would be the tertiary consumer
Which high school courses would be beneficial for a career in parasitology? O anatomy and physiology botany and animal biology o technology and zoology biology and biochemistry
I believe it's biology and biochemistry.
One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is...
salt content
O number of autotrophs
O temperature variation
O pH of water
One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is Salt content.
What are Salt content?The mother and fetus undergo a change throughout the second trimester. Typically, you'll start feeling better and displaying the pregnancy more.
The fetus has completed the development of all of its organs and systems and is about to start expanding in size.
The umbilical cord continues to thicken as it supplies the fetus with nutrients during the second trimester. However, dangerous substances can also transfer from the mother to the fetus through the umbilical cord, so caution should be taken to stay away from known dangers like alcohol and tobacco.
Therefore, One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is Salt content.
To learn more about salt content, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/503189
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Maja puts a hockey puck onto ice. After a while the temperature of the hockey puck decreases. What happens to the molecules of the hockey puck when the temperature of the puck decreases?
Answer: The energy of the molecules in the hockey puck decreases.
Explanation:
When the temperature of the hockey puck decreases, then the energy of the molecules in the hockey puck decreases as well.
In this scenario, when the temperature of the hockey puck decreases, then the hockey puck will gain heat molecules and the cold energy of the molecules that are in the hockey puck will reduce.
Explain how the system that creates proteins can be predicted and how these predictions can change.
Answer:
There is a basic observation that similar sequences from the same evolutionary family often adopt similar protein structures, which forms the foundation of homology modeling. So far it is the most accurate way to predict protein structure by taking its homologous structure in PDB as template.
Could a thermophile live on another planet? If yes, which planet would it most likely live on and why?
Throughout the cell cycle, there are numerous checkpoints, or proofreading stops. These checkpoints are extremely beneficial for making sure the intricate steps of growth, repair, and replication are being performed correctly.
Why do you think the cell would need these checkpoints? What do you think would happen if the cell did not get checked at certain phases?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cells need checkpoints to ensure that no error is present in the DNA or even in the cellular surroundings. It is critical that all "boxes" are checked before continuing because this ensures that no major errors are faced down the line. Cells are basic unit of life so if cells are not accurate or full of errors then tissues are affected, which affects organs, and eventually organ system and in final the whole organism. Thus, checkpoints ensure that errors are caught early and dealt with properly.
If cell did not get checked at certain phases, mistakes would go by unnoticed which could affect the whole organism (see my explaination above). Also, checkpoints ensure that cell growth is controlled (that is unwanted replication do not occur). If there are no checkpoints then cell can continue to grow and eventually uncontrolled growth of cells is referred to as cancer.
planet earth King Penguins and Fur Seals King Penguins and Fur Seals are both designed for swimming, and thus are very clumsy on land. With that in mind, answer these questions: Why do the penguins come onto land at all
Answer:
For breeding and moult purpose.
Explanation:
The penguins come onto the land for breeding and moult purpose. They will also spend time ashore during non-breeding months of their life cycle. They are only active at night on land. They leave the colony early in the morning before sun-rise, and return to the colony after dark with food with it in order to feed their families. They can't breed in water like fish so they comes to the land for breeding.