I have two bags of marbles, each of which contains some red marbles and some blue marbles (and no marbles of any other color). The ratio of red marbles to blue marbles in the first bag is $3:5.$ The ratio of red marbles to blue marbles in the second bag is $3:2.$ When the two bags of marbles are mixed together, the ratio of red marbles to blue marbles is $11:9.$ What is the ratio of the number of marbles in the first bag to the number of marbles in the second bag?

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Explanation:

Let x and y be two positive whole numbers. They may or may not be equal.

The first bag has the ratio of red to blue as 3:5, which scales up to 3x:5x after multiplying both parts by x. We have 3x red and 5x blue.

The second bag has the ratio 3:2 which scales up to 3y:2y. This bag has 3y red and 2y blue.

We can make a handy table to keep track of all the expressions

[tex]\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\cline{1-3}\text{ } & \text{Red} & \text{Blue}\\ \cline{1-3}\text{bag 1} & 3x & 5x\\ \cline{1-3}\text{bag 2} & 3y & 2y\\ \cline{1-3}\end{array}[/tex]

Based on that, we can then say:

Effectively, I added down along each column of that table.

Divide the two expressions for R and B to lead to the fraction 11/9, which is directly from the ratio 11:9

So,

(total red)/(total blue) = 11/9

R/B = 11/9

(3x+3y)/(5x+2y) = 11/9

---------------------

Let's cross multiply and then solve for y

(3x+3y)/(5x+2y) = 11/9

9(3x+3y) = 11(5x+2y)

27x+27y = 55x+22y

27y-22y = 55x-27x

5y = 28x

y = 28x/5

y = (28/5)x

y = 5.6x

We'll keep this in mind for later.

---------------------

Now let:

Recall that we had 3x red and 5x blue for the first bag. That means we have 3x+5x = 8x marbles in the first bag. Therefore, F = 8x.

Also, we had 3y red and 2y blue for the second bag.

So we have S = 3y+2y = 5y

Then we can apply further substitution to say

S = 5y

S = 5(5.6x) .... plug in y = 5.6x

S = 28x

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In short,

for some positive whole number x. We don't have enough info to pin down what x is exactly; however, it doesn't really matter. This is because the x variable will cancel when dividing F over S

F/S = (8x)/(28x) = 8/28 = 2/7

The fraction 2/7 leads directly to the final answer of the ratio 2:7

In other words, the ratio 8x:28x simplifies fully to 2:7 after dividing both parts by 4x.

The ratio between the total marbles of the first bag and the second bag is 2:7.

An equation is a mathematical statement that is made up of two expressions connected by an equal sign.

Example:

2x + 4 = 9 is an equation.

We have,

x marbles in the first bag.

red marbles = 3x

blue marbles = 5x

y marbles in the second bag.

red marbles = 3y

blue marbles = 2y

Now,

Total red marbles in both bags.

3x + 3y = 11 _____(1)

3x = 11 - 3y

x = (11 - 3y) / 3

Total blue marbles in both bags.

5x + 2y = 9 ______(2)

From (1) and (2) we get,

Multiply 2 in (1).

6x + 6y = 22

6y = 22 - 6x _____(3)

Multiply 3 in (2)

15x + 6y = 27 ______(4)

Putting (3) in (4)

15x + 22 - 6x = 27

9x = 27 - 22

9x = 5

x = 5/9

Now,

x = 5/9 in (3)

6y = 22 - 6(5/9)

6y = 22 - 10/3

6y = (66 - 10)/3

y = 56/18

y = 28/9

Now,

First bag.

Red marbles = 3x = 3 x 5/9 = 5/3

Blue marbles = 5x = 5 x 5/9 = 25/9

Total marbles = 5/3 + 25/9 = (15 + 25)/9 = 40/9

Second bag.

Red marbles = 3y = 3 x 28/9 = 28/3

Blue marbles = 2y = 2 x 28/9 = 56/9

Total marbles = 28/3 + 56/9 = (84 + 56)/9 = 140/9

Now,

The ratio between the total marbles of the first bag and the second bag.

= 40 :140

= 4:14

= 2:7

Thus,

The ratio is 2:7.

Learn more about equations here:

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