The corresponding sequence in a strand of mrna are:-
Adenine bonds with Thymine
Thymine bonds with Adenine
Cytosine bonds with Guanine
Guanine bonds with Cytosine
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of polynucleotide chains that coil spherical each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
In all dwelling things, DNA is vital for inheritance, coding for proteins, and offering instructions for life and its tactics. Human cells commonly consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a complete of 46 chromosomes in every cell.
Most DNA is positioned within the cell nucleus. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the power from meals right into a shape that cells can use.
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At a pressure of 5. 0 atmospheres, a sample of gas occupies 40 liters. What volume will the same sample hold at 1. 0 atmosphere?.
At a pressure of 5. 0 atmospheres, a sample of gas occupies 40 liters, then the volume that the same sample will hold at 1. 0 atmosphere will be 200 liter.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is an experimental gas law that explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Using the formula for Boyle's law :
P1V1= P2V2
where,
P1 is initial pressure; P2 is final pressure; V1 is initial volume and V2 is the final volume.
Given P1 = 5 atm, V1= 40 l and P2 = 1atm
V2= P1V1/P2
= (5*40)/1
= 200 liter
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Eukaryotic chromoome tend to be much larger than prokaryotic chromoome. In order to package thee large chromoome into the nucleu, which family of protein are ued by the cell?
Histone proteins are used by the cell to package the large chromosome into the nucleus.
Histone proteins are the ones that wind the DNA around themselves in order to facilitate its packaging. Together they form a structure called nucleosome. There are 5 types of histone proteins: H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The H1 is not directly involved in packaging but it is the linker protein. The rest of the proteins also regulate the expression of the genetic material.
Chromosome is the highly compact form of DNA. It is this form of DNA that gets inherited by offspring from parents. The structure of chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined together at the region called centromere.
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What are the common types of mutations that occur to convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes?.
The most frequent mutations that can change proto-oncogenes into oncogenes include insertion mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, point mutations, amplification, and gene fusion.
Insertion mutations:
Insertion mutations occur when an extra nucleotide is inserted into a gene sequence. This type of mutation can cause a shift in the reading frame of the gene, resulting in the production of proteins with altered functions. In the case of proto-oncogenes, an insertion mutation can result in the protein being highly active, leading to unregulated cell growth and the formation of a tumor.
Chromosomal rearrangements:
When two genes are relocated to various positions on a chromosome, chromosomal rearrangements can happen. As a result, the two genes may express themselves simultaneously, which may transform a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
Point mutations:
Point mutations are minute adjustments to the DNA's structure that can turn a gene into an oncogene. These mutations change the DNA sequence by adding, deleting, or substituting a single nucleotide.
Amplification:
Amplification is the process by which the number of copies of a gene increases. A proto-oncogene may develop into an oncogene as a result of this increasing the gene's expression.
Gene fusion:
Combining two distinct genes can result in the synthesis of an aberrant protein.
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which gland is responsible for preventing urine and semen from exiting the body at the same time?
The bulbourethral gland, also known as the Cowper's gland, is responsible for secreting a fluid that prevents urine and semen from exiting the body at the same time.
What is gland?Glands are organs in the body that produce and release substances for use in the body or for secretion outside of the body. Glands can be either endocrine or exocrine in nature. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream while exocrine glands secrete their substances through to specific target organs. Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, , ovaries, and testes. Examples of exocrine glands include the salivary glands, sweat glands, and mammary glands.
This fluid, known as pre-ejaculatory fluid, is released during and acts as a lubricant and antiseptic. It also helps neutralize the acidity of the urethra and creates an environment that is more hospitable for sperm. This fluid also helps to flush out any bacteria, viruses, or other foreign particles that may have entered the . The bulbourethral gland is a small, pea-sized structure located near the base of the . It is composed of two smaller glands, each of which is connected to the urethra by a small duct.
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The diagram below represents a process that occurs within Earth's mantle.What process is represented by this diagram?
what are examples of types of chemical markers associated with dna that determines when, where and by how much genes are expressed in each cell?
The histone proteins and the epigenetic factors together determine when, where and by how much genes are expressed in each cell.
Histone proteins are present in the eukaryotic cells that perform dual functions. They help in keeping the DNA in compact form as well as they also regulate the loosening and tightening of the strands of DNA that regulates the genetic expression.
Epigenetic factors are the compounds that regulate the genetic expression by causing changes in the gene. These changes do not cause mutations and they are neither heritable. These are the temporary changes like methylation, alkylation, DNA remodeling, etc.
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Mendel picked pea plants in his experiments because the pea plant has different observable traits. It can be grown easily in large numbers and its reproduction can be manipulated. Also, pea has both male and female reproductive organs, so they can self-pollinate as well as cross-pollinate.
Choose the main reasons that contributed to mendel selecting the garden pea as his experimental subject.
Mendel focused his studies on popular garden pea plants because they can be produced in huge quantities and their reproduction can be influenced.
Male and female reproductive organs are found in pea plants. As a result, they have the ability to self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other plants.
Mendel chose pea plants to investigate genetics because they had clearly discernible features
Pea plants, for example, are either tall or short, which is a simple attribute to see. Furthermore, because pea plants grow fast, he was able to do a large number of studies in a short amount of time.
Mendel's pea plant experiments established many of the rules of heredity, now known as the laws of Mendelian inheritance, which aided in the last century's rapid advances in genetics and plant breeding.
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What is suspected of Breast cancer, how many people have this cancer, what are your chances of developing this cancer
Any breast lump or change in appearance, feel, or form suggests breast cancer. Breast cancer affects 264,000 women and 2,400 men annually. Most breast cancers occur after 50 years.
What is breast cancer?Breast cancer is a possibility if you have an abnormal lump in your breast or if your breasts change in any way, including how they look, how they feel, or how they form. About 264,000 new instances of breast cancer are discovered each year in women, while about 2,400 new cases are found in men.
The likelihood of acquiring breast cancer increases with age, with the majority of cases being diagnosed in women over the age of 50.
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Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration o electron transport chain citric acid cycle glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis acetyl CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain 0 citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis citric acid cycle acetyl CoA electron transport chain acety CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis Hints My Answers Give Up Review Part s the correct general equation for celular respirat on?
One metabolic process that converts glucose into ATP is called cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?One of the world's most beautiful, majestic, and fascinating metabolic pathways is cellular respiration. Additionally, it's one of the most challenging. When I first heard about it, I felt as though I had stumbled and fallen into a can of alphabet soup with an organic-chemistry flavor.Thankfully, once you understand how it works, cellular respiration is not as frightening. Let's begin by gaining a high-level understanding of cellular respiration by going through its four main phases and demonstrating how they are interconnected.Each glucose molecule undergoes a slow breakdown into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. In the course of the reactions that change glucose, some ATP is produced directly. However, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation produces a lot more ATP later. The electron transport chain, which consists of a number of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, is what drives the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Large multicellular organisms are made of a variety of cell types. Do all of the types of cells pass through the cell cycle at the same rate?.
Answer: it depends on what type of cells they are. Some types of cells divide rapidly, and in these cases, the daughter cells may immediately undergo another round of cell division.Other types of cells divide slowly or not at all
Explanation:
Which reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte?.
Fusion and acrosomal reaction, Spermatozoa must penetrate the zona pellucida and corona radiata in order to reach the ovum proper.
To do this, they release hydrolytic enzymes from the Spermatozoa . In order to fertilize a female egg cell, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then enter the cell. While adhering to the egg cell typically poses few challenges, breaking through the egg's extracellular matrix or hard shell can be challenging. The acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that takes place in the sperm's acrosome as it approaches the egg, is a result of what sperm cells experience. The anterior half of the sperm's head is covered by the acrosome, which resembles a cap.
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choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by avery, macleod and mccarty.
Characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by avery, macleod and McCarty are
RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability. Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA.Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty showed that DNA can transform the properties of cells, clarifying the chemical nature of genes.
Oswald Avery's showed that DNA that has transforming principle. When they are isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain. These are responsible for carrying hereditary information.
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whats the only type of rock stress that applies uniform pessure
The depth of a rock within the earth is the single factor that can alter lithostatic pressure on that rock. A change in lithostatic pressure does not result in fracturing or slide along faults because lithostatic pressure is a uniform stress.
What about uniform pressure?The pressure is then expected to be evenly dispersed or spread across the clutch's or bearing's whole surface. As a result, the uniform pressure hypothesis assumes that the amount of pressure exerted on the clutch or bearing is the same everywhere on the surface.It implies that wear may vary depending on the radius, and that wear rate is influenced by the force of the pressure (P) and the speed of the rubbing surfaces (V). It is presumable that the rate of wear is inversely proportional to the product of pressure intensity and rubbing surface velocity.When the friction lining is brand-new, only then does the uniform pressure theory apply. When the friction lining becomes worn out, the uniform wear theory is relevant.Typically, clutches are created with uniform wear in mind. As opposed to the uniform pressure assumption, the uniform wear assumption results in a clutch with a reduced torque capability. Larger disc clutch dimensions are required if the uniform wear assumption is used while designing the clutch to handle the highest engine torque.Learn more about uniform pressure here:
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if one species provides a habitat as part of a mutualistic relationship, what is the probable effect on the abundance and distribution of the other species?
Outside of species A's range, species B won't be able to live.
What is species in biology?
A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals that are capable of interbreeding or gene exchange. The most fundamental unit of categorization in biology is the species, which also serves as a taxonomic rank. A genus is the next taxonomic tier in the biological categorization hierarchy.
What are examples and species?
a collection of biological species that are quite similar to one another, closely related, and often capable of interbreeding and generating viable offspring. The species, which comes after a genus or subgenus, is the basic unit of taxonomic categorization. Water buffalo, a king cobra, a jaguar, and a pig are some examples.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is:
If species A provides a habitat to species B as part of a mutualistic relationship, what is the probable effect on the abundance and distribution of species B?
What macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shown?
The macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shownis phospholipid bilayer.
What is phospholipid bilayer?A phospholipid bilayer can be seen in the photograph. Proteins and lipids are the main macromolecules that make up the structure that is depicted. Depending on where the cell is and what kind of cell it is, lipids can make up 20% to 80% of the membrane. Proteins make up the remaining portion.
A thin polar membrane comprised of two layers of lipid molecules is known as a lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer). These membranes are flat sheets that surround every cell in a continuous barrier.
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
The vestibular apparatus is the structure present in the inner ear that is responsible for maintenance of equilibrium as well as body posture.
The inner ear consists of an elaborate system known as the vestibular apparatus, that is situated above the cochlea. The vestibular apparatus is made up of three semicircular canals as well as the otolith.
Each of these semicircular canals is located in a distinct plane and they make an angle of 90° with each other. The crista as well as macula are the specified receptors of the vestibular apparatus that serve to maintain the equilibrium of the body as well as its posture.
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b) Look at the graphs with correlation coefficients of r= 0.9 and r=-0.5, What kind of
relationship does each of these values indicate? (2 points)
A correlation of r = -0.2 indicates a weak, negative link between two variables, while r = 0.9 indicates a significant, positive association.
What does 0.98 signify in terms of correlation?highly favorable connection The correlation is currently 0.98, which indicates a very strong positive association, as can be seen.A positive correlation is often indicated by a result higher than 0.50.
A correlation coefficient of r 0.8 means what?An extremely strong negative correlation, or correlation coefficient of -0.8, means that the two variables have a propensity to move in the opposite directions.The greater the negative link will be, so closer the coefficient will be to -1.0.
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The ancient Egyptians consulted the heavens to tell them to do what?
The ancient Egyptian consulted heaven to tell them that when they died, their spiritual bodies would live on for an eternity that was quite similar to their physical world.
Who were Egyptians?Egyptians are an ethnic group from Egypt's Nile Valley. Mesopotamia is regarded as one of Southwest Asia's most popular and significant historical regions. Mesopotamia is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, north of Baghdad, which is now known as Iraq and Kuwait, and south of Babylon.
Therefore, the ancient Egyptians consulted heaven and were told that when they died, their spiritual bodies would continue on for an eternity in a world that was quite similar to their physical one.
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What cell structure in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships?
Nuclei and mitochondria. The nucleus houses the cell's genetic information, which is organised as linear rather than circular DNA molecules in eukaryotes.
What is mitochondria ?An organelle called a mitochondrion can be found in the cells of the majority of Eukaryotes, including mammals, plants, and fungi. Adenosine triphosphate, which is produced by aerobic respiration in mitochondria with their double membrane structure, is used as a source of chemical energy throughout the entire cell.The majority of the chemical energy required to fuel the cell's biochemical reactions is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles. Adenosine triphosphate is a little molecule that serves as a storage space for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria.In almost every human cell, mitochondria serve as the power plants, producing energy that powers cellular activity and, in essence, all of our biological functions.To learn more about mitochondria refer :
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what is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
The enzyme is produced in the nucleus from DNA via RNA transcription, then it travels to the ribosomal for synthesis before being delivered in a secretory vesicle to a cell membrane.
Why is a cell membrane necessary?A membrane is present in every cell, separating the interior from the outside world. The plasma membrane or the cell membrane are two names for this membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a semipermeable lipid bilayer. The passage of materials into and out of the cell is regulated by the cell membrane.
What components make up a cell membrane?Proteins and lipids make up cell membranes. Only specific things can get through them because lipids make up the majority of their composition. The sort of lipid that is most prevalent in the membrane is called phospholipid. The outer layer and the inner layer make up phospholipids.
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which ions move into the synaptic bulb in order to move the vesicles containing neurotransmitter to the presynaptic membrane?
Calcium ions move into the synaptic bulb in order to move the vesicles containing neurotransmitter to the presynaptic membrane.
The tip of the axon terminal enlarges toward the end and acquires the name synaptic end bulb as it gets closer to the muscle fiber. The motor neuron's synaptic end bulb makes up the nervous system portion of the neuromuscular junction. The chemical transmitter acetylcholine (ACH) is pushed inside the synaptic cleft thereafter.
In the postsynaptic or post-junctional membrane, ACH diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific receptors. Synaptic vesicles in the end bulb are packed with a neurotransmitter molecule. A neurotransmitter is released into a little area called the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse moves up the axon and arrives at the end bulb.
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why is the sequence similarity generally higher when comparing two globins from mammals than when comparing a globin from a mammal and a globin from a plant?
Mammalian and plant globins most likely descended from a single ancestral globin and evolved through gene duplication.
What variations of globin are there?The eight globins androglobin, cytoglobin, globin E, globin X, globin Y, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and neuroglobin are known to exist in vertebrates.
How many different kinds of amino globin exist?Globin architecture
Each hemoglobin molecule has four globin chains that are made up of two identical pairs of dissimilar polypeptide chains with 141 to 146 amino acids each.
What is a mammal, exactly?Humans and all other warm-blooded vertebrate (vertebrates have backbones) creatures with hair are considered mammals. They have a better-developed intellect than other species of mammals, and they nurse their young with milk.
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the enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. these types of macromolecules are known as –
The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules called proteins.
What are proteins?Proteins are substantial, intricate molecules that are essential to numerous bodily processes. They perform the majority of their work within cells and are necessary for the development, maintenance, and control of the body's tissues and organs.
Polymers of amino acids make up proteins. The core carbon of each amino acid is joined to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group. The R group identifies the subcategory of amino acids that an amino acid falls under, including electrically charged hydrophilic side chains, polar but uncharged side chains, nonpolar hydrophobic side chains, and exceptional situations.
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inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with spinal cord defects in the fetus?
Folic acid should be consumed daily in doses of 400 micrograms (mcg) by all women who are capable of becoming pregnant. During the first few weeks of pregnancy, neural tube abnormalities (such as anencephaly and spina bifida) can develop.
Which trimester is the most crucial one when it comes to birth abnormalities caused by inadequate nutrition?The first trimester of pregnancy is when there is the greatest chance of major birth defects. This is because developmental changes must take place at this specific time. The majority of the body's structures start to take shape during the first trimester.
What nutrient deficiency affects pregnant women the most frequently?Making new tissue and blood cells both require this vitamin. You require more folic acid when you are pregnant. The birth of neural tubes has been connected to folic acid deficiency.
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living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. select the appropriate pair.
Answer:
[tex]1.cyclostomes(vertebrates \: that \: lack \: jaws) \: \\ \: \: \: 2. \: gnathostones(vertebrates \: that \: have \: jaws)[/tex]
Which gland is responsible for preventing urine and semen from exiting the body at the same time?
Answer: Prostate gland
Explanation: I believe it is the Prostate gland. Hope this helps!
do your observations show that the skeletal differences between chimpanzees and humans can be related to posture?
Chimpanzee have low slope frontal bone as compared to humans. In chimpanzee chin mouth is behind and in humans it is ahead. Lastly, in chimpanzee's sagital crest is present and it is absent in humans.
What are the structural structure between humans and chimpanzees ?Humans have a broad, flatter-fronted chest, which helps us stand more erect by shifting the center of gravity back toward the spine. The rib cage of an ape is more rounded and barrel-shaped. The S-shaped shape of the human spine elevates the head and torso above the center of gravity.
Chimpanzee's arms are longer than its legs, it can swing and climb with much greater ease. The shorter legs are better suited for standing, running, and walking. The pelvis is more suited for sitting since it lacks a tail.
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What is the speed of a point on the equator of the neutron star? your answer will be somewhat too large because a star cannot be accurately modeled as a solid sphere.
The speed of a location on the equator of a neutron star is 9 106 meters per second. Neutron stars are the remains of old stars that have completed their evolutionary journey throughout space and time.
What might a neutron star have on the Earth?The powerful fields of white dwarfs can be hazardous. A neutron star might disrupt the planets' orbits and, if it approached closely enough, even cause the Earth to experience rippling tides. If a supernova entered our solar panels, the result would be mayhem.
how strong is it A neutron star's power: ?A neutron star's gravity is 2 billion times stronger than Earth's on average. In fact, gravitational lensing, a mechanism that allows astronomers to glimpse some of the star's reverse side, is strong enough to considerably distort radiation from the star.
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After nutrients have been absorbed into the bloodstream, waste products are stored in the.
Answer: The rectum / last few inches of the large intestine
Explanation:
The solid waste formed is called feces. It continues to move through the descending and sigmoid colons. The large intestine temporarily stores the feces prior to elimination.
Below are animal cells placed in beakers of various concentrations.
Draw an arrow to show which way the water would move by osmosis
Fill in any missing percentages (water or solute)
Identify the type of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic)
2
90% H₂O
solute
85% H₂Q
15% solute
45% H₂O
75% H₂O
25% solute
90% H₂O
10%
soluta
90% H₂O
10% solute
40% H₂O
60%
90% H₂O
10% solute
90% H₂O
63% H₂O
37% solute
82% H-O
10%
25% H₂O
75% solute
75% 11,0
25%
solute
80% H₂O
20% solute
50% H₂O
50% H₂O
50% soluta
90% H₂O
10%
solute
80% H₂O
20% solute
Water will migrate into an animal cell in a hypotonic solution (high osmotic pressure), causing the cell to enlarge and possibly explode.
What occurs when an animal cell is inserted into a solution where there is more water outside the cell than inside?
The solution is hypertonic because the concentration of dissolved chemicals in the solvent is higher than that inside the cell. As a result, the cell will shrink and water will leak out.
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