The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 1/3 carbon dioxide on glycolysis.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and results in pyruvate. Pyruvate oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
The following reaction results in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA:
Pyruvate + NAD⁺ + CoA-SH ⇒ acetyl-CoA + NADH + CO₂
One molecule of pyruvate is converted into one molecule of carbon dioxide.
Also, two molecules of pyruvate are converted into two molecules of carbon dioxide (as glucose on glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvate).
Acetyl-CoA also contributes to the citric acid cycle and generates two molecules of CO2.
Pyruvate thus generates a total of 3 molecules of CO2, whereas glucose generates 6 molecules of CO2 (as glucose on glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvate)
Therefore, we get that pyruvate produces total 3 molecules of CO₂ and glucose produces 6 molecules of CO₂ (as glucose on glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvate).
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I need help to check the answer for those question that have writing underneath and I need help for those question with no pen writing underneath please
Answer:
first page is good 2 page might want to look over again or have a parent help you
Explanation:
even in siblings whose parents are same, difference in characters can be observed. how? class 10 cbse
describe the differences between age structure graphs of non growing, slowly growing and rapidly growing countries
The difference between the age structure graphs of non growing, slowly growing and rapidly growing countries is the birth rate and death rate of countries in each class.
What are age structure graphs ?There are so many countries in the world and each of the countries that we have in the world is unique in terms of the demography of the country. The demography has to do with the distribution of the people in a place according to age, sex and geographical location.
For the rapidly growing countries, we would notice that the age structure lies mostly towards the elderly. This implies that the birth rate and the death rate of the population ha achieved a sort of equilibrium.
For the slowing growing countries, the birth rate remains high but not so much as high as the non growing countries. This implies that the population of the countries are also within a manageable limit.
For the nongrowing countries, the birth rate is very much higher than the death rate thus there is a population explosion which puts pressure on the economy.
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2. assuming that there were no time constraints on replication of the genome of a human cell, what would be the minimum number of origins that would be required? if replication had to be accomplished in an 8-hour s phase and replication forks moved at 50 nucleotides/second, what would be the minimum number of origins required to replicate the human genome? (the human genome has a total of 6.4x 109 nucleotides)
If replication had to be accomplished in an 8-hour s phase and replication forks moved at 50 nucleotides/second, The minimum number of 46 origins required to replicate the human genome.
A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied during replication to create two identical DNA molecules. One of the most fundamental processes that take place within a cell is DNA replication. Between the G1 phase and the G2 phase, the cell cycle's S phase (also known as the "synthesis phase") is when DNA replication occurs. Since precise genome duplication is essential for effective cell division, the S-phase mechanisms are strictly regulated and highly conserved.
Before the interphase, in the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis or replication takes place. By doing this, the cell's genetic material is copied before mitosis or meiosis, leaving enough DNA for cell division.
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a single staphylococcus aureus cell gets into a wound on someone's foot. staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause infections in broken skin. s. aureus divides by binary fission approximately once every 30 minutes. calculate the number of s. aureus cells in the wound after 30 minutes, one hour, and 12 hours.
The number of cells of Staphylococcus aureus present into the open wound, which divides by binary fission once every 30 minutes, after 30 minutes, one hour and 12 hours will be 2, 4 and 1.7 × 10⁷ cells respectively.
Binary fission is the method of asexual reproduction. It is the process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells.
According to the question, the cell divides into 2 once after every 30 minutes.
The number of cells can be calculated by the formula: 2ⁿ
(where n = number of times the cell will divide in the given time period)
Therefore after 30 minutes, number of cells = 2¹ = 2.
Similarly, after 60 minutes, number of cells = 2² = 4.
In 12 hours, the cell will divide 24 times,
Hence the number of cells will be = 2²⁴ = 1.7 × 10⁷ cells respectively.
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the function of the indicated elastic lamellae of the aorta is to allow the aorta to without tearing in response to receiving blood under high pressure and then to conducting blood onwards
The function of the indicated elastic lamellae of the aorta is to allow the aorta to maintain blood pressure without tearing in response to receiving blood under high pressure and then to conducting blood onwards.
How the elastic lamellae helps to maintain blood pressure.This elastic lamellae works as a means of barrier between the smooth muscle and the endothelium. It happens that this layer also forms the outermost part of the blood vessels. Because of this characteristic feature, they help to regulate and maintain the pressure from blood flow which flows down distally.
The blood vessels such as arteries helps to transport oxygen rich blood from the heart to various parts of the body.The veins drains deoxygenated blood away from various parts of the body back to heart.So therefore, it can accurately be concluded that this elastic lamellae helps in regulating the blood pressure in the vessels.
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although a number of muscles may be involved in an action, the principal muscle involved is called the prime mover, or . a muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called an .
A muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called an Antagonist.
An antagonist is a muscle that acts in opposition to the primary mover or agonist. Maintaining body or limb position, such as holding the arm out or standing tall, and controlling rapid movement, such as in shadow boxing without landing a punch or the capacity to halt the motion of a limb, are two crucial functions antagonists play in muscular function.
These muscles are in charge of putting bones back in their proper alignment, antagonist muscles control and slow down movement opposite to their agonist partner, while in other situations a muscle can be an antagonist throughout a particular movement.
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8. When enzymes are not at a stable pH or temperature what happens to their reaction rate?
An enzyme may get denatured and cease to function at extremely high temperatures. There is an ideal pH range for each enzyme. Beyond this range, pH variations will restrict enzyme activity.
How do enzymes function?The vital function of enzymes is to reduce its activation energy of a reaction, or the amount of power needed for the reaction to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-forming and friendship processes, enzyme bind to reactant molecules and keep them in place.
Which four major enzymes are there?Helicase, primase, Enzyme dna, and ligase are the four primary enzymes that aid in Replication of dna.
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PLEASE HELP!!
water quality tests from a local river show low levels of two heavy metals under the acceptable, legal limit. however, the residents of the town are suffering from numerous stomach ailments and are showing signs of long-term kidney damage. what can scientists infer about the possible reason for the illnesses in the town?
A. heavy metals cause acute effects but not chronic effects.
B. the first metal causes and acute effect compared to the other.
C. the heavy metals have a synergistic relationship when combined.
D. the heavy metals have an antagonistic relationship when combined.
C. the heavy metals have a synergistic relationship when combined
can scientists infer about the possible reason for the illnesses in the town.
What heavy metals are responsible for renal failure?As a result, high metal exposure may be hazardous. The kidney is the first organ to be affected by heavy metal poisoning due to its tendency to reabsorb and accumulate divalent metals. The degree of kidney damage caused by heavy metals is determined by the type, dosage, route, and duration of exposure.
Toxic metals, especially "heavy metals," are metals and metal compounds that are harmful to people's health. This article discusses certain poisonous semi-metallic elements, such as arsenic and selenium. Many of these metals are required in trace amounts to sustain life.
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FAST - Ben wants to model how the motion of particles changes with temperature. He
considers water in an iron pot. Ben draws a model to show how the water
particles and iron particles move at room temperature. Then, he draws a second
model to show how the water particles and iron particles move as the pot of
water is heated. How should Ben’s second model differ from the first?
A. The water particles should vibrate faster, and the iron particles should not
move.
B. Both the water particles and the iron particles should slide past each other
faster.
C. The water particles should slide past each other faster, and the iron
particles should vibrate faster.
D. The water particles should move freely in all directions, and the iron
particles should slide past each other faster.
When we begin to heat the pot and the water, the water particles should slide past each other faster, and the iron particles should vibrate faster. Option C
What is the temperature?The term temperature refers to the degree of the hotness or the coldness of an object. Much more, the temperature of an object has to do with the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the body..
Thus, when we begin to heat the water and the iron pot, we know that the kinetic energy of the molecules of the water and the both would increase. This is due to the acquisition of energy in the form of the heat applied.
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Which term includes all the activities required to keep an organism alive?
1. growth
2. excretion
3. metabolism
4.nutrition
Please describe in detail how the sun causes the global wind patterns and the global current patterns.
Answer:
The sun's heat causes differential heating of the earth's surface and water bodies causing changing wind patterns.
Explanation:
The amount of sunlight received varies on various factors like
1. Insolation
2. Latitude
3. Altitude
Maximum sunlight is received at the equator while minimum sunlight is received at the poles.
Because of varying amounts of sunlight received, the surface and water bodies heat differently. This causes the wind over the surface to warm and cool differently.
The warm air being lighter in weight rises and is replaced by the heavier colder air. This leads to the formation of wind patterns.
The global winds are called trade winds.
In organisms that use photosystem ii and i during photosynthesis, what would be the most likely outcome of a mutation that prevented noncyclic photophosphorylation?.
Increased NADP+ levels would be the most likely outcome of a mutation that prevented noncyclic photophosphorylation in organisms that use photosystems ii and i during photosynthesis.
NADP+ levels are somehow raised while preventing noncyclic photophosphorylation due to Mutations that are frequently light-sensitive during photosynthesis. There are other mutants that have been chosen for their higher resistance to photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides or to plastid translation inhibitors. most pleiotropic mutations in the photosynthetic apparatus. The remaining subunits of a complex are generated when one subunit is missing, but they are improperly put together and quickly deteriorate, affecting all of the complex's components.
This feature makes it more difficult to pinpoint the underlying lesion in a mutant, but it also highlights very active proteolytic surveillance. Although at a late stage, this proteolytic system may work in a posttranslational process to control the stoichiometric accumulation of the subunits of each complex.
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What is a keratin Protein?
( full explanation)
A keratin protein is a major type of fibrous protein found in diverse body tissues such as hair, and epidermis.
What is the epidermis?The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the dermis, which is ainly composed of keratin and forms an epithelial tissue that covers the body and functions as a barrier to protect it from environmental factors.
Moreover, keratin is a fibrous protein because it forms a longed polypeptide chain whose tertiary structure is similar to fiber. The fibrous proteins include the diverse type of polypeptides found in body tissues (i.e., collagen, elastin, keratin, fibrin).
The major three major classes of proteins depending on their structure include:Fibrous proteins Globular proteins Derived proteinsTherefore, we can conclude that keratin is a fibrous protein that forms a long polypeptide chain and it can be found in diverse tissues of the body such as, for example, the epidermis or hair.
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Explain the process of filtration and evaporation with the help of labelled diagram?
Answer:Evaporation happens when a liquid substance becomes a gas
Explanation:
treg cells in severe covd-19 patients present a striking treg phenotype, which associates an up-regulation of foxp3 expression with a distinctive transcriptional signature that bears much similarity to tumor tregs
An attribute of COVID-19 is excessive inflammation, which is controlled by regulatory T cells (Tregs)
What are treg cells?An attribute of COVID-19 is excessive inflammation, which is controlled by regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition to an intriguing role for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18, we discovered a noteworthy profile in Tregs from patients with advanced disease. Severe patients were distinguished from healthy people by the production of proinflammatory mediators and an improved suppressive profile that comprised increased Treg proportions. This suggests that these cells had a negative impact on COVID-19 and that there might be a cause for some of the recovery-related issues that are still mostly unexplored. The prognosis of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, which frequently exhibit this tendency, is generally poor.
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What type of organism would live in deep sea vents, harness chemical energy spewing out of the vents to make sugar and be the beginning of the food web in deep sea ecosystems?.
Answer:
Symbiotic bacteria
Explanation:
Symbiotic bacteria live in the mussels' gills. Like the microbes living inside tubeworms, these bacteria use energy from chemicals in the vent fluids to produce sugars.
describe the role of a sperms acrosome in fertilisation
Answer: Enables the spermatozoa to penetrate the ova
Explanation: It contains certain digestive enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes) that helps the sperm to tunnel through the zona pellucida of the ova. It mediates the union and binding of the membrane with the egg.
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer: I'm pretty sure it's sugars.
Explanation:
I think they use it as their food.
A student wants to measure the volume of a liquid. Which of the following tools would be best to use?
For measuring the volume of a liquid then a student should use a measuring cylinder, pipette, and measuring flask.
What type of tools are used for the volume?If a student wants to measure the volume of a liquid then he should use the following things.
1. Measuring cylinder.
2. Pipette.
3. Measuring flask.
Above are the things used for measuring a liquid's volume. A measuring cylinder is an apparatus used in the laboratory for measuring the volume of liquid, chemicals, and other things. The pipette will be more correct with all the samples, accounting for every drop of the substance being held within the device. A measuring flask is used for measuring very precisely one specific volume of liquid.
So we can conclude that cylinder, pipette, and measuring flask are the tools that are used for measuring the volume of a liquid.
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Methods that involve the manipulation of genes or specific sequences of dna are part of a broad category of research and practical applications called dna true or false?.
Answer:
technology
Explanation:
that was the answer choices so im not sure if its true of false all i know its technology
not sure if it will help but have a nice day
How many molecules of glucose could a plant make with 12 molecules of both CO2 and H2O?
A plant can make 2 molecules of glucose with 12 molecules of both CO2 and H2O.
6CO2 + 6H2O +light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.
According to the equation, one molecule of glucose is created when six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of water.
Therefore, 2 molecules of glucose would result from the combination of 12 molecules of carbon dioxide and 12 molecules of water.
What is glucose?With the molecular formula C6H12O6, glucose is a simple sugar. Monosaccharides are a subgroup of carbohydrates, and glucose is the most prevalent one. In order to create cellulose, the most prevalent carbohydrate in the world, glucose is primarily produced by plants and the majority of algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide with the help of solar energy.
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Explain how mitosis can contribute to the maintenance and complexity of life on Earth?
Answer:
The process of mitosis generates new cells that are genetically identical to each other. Mitosis helps organisms grow in size and repair damaged tissue. Some species of algae are capable of growing very quickly.
Explanation:
I hope this will be helpful for you.
Describe the motion you would feel as the wave advanced and carried you from the
trough to the crest
Biogeochemical cycles on earth serve a variety of different purposes. what do the biogeochemical cycles have in common? a. they all serve the same function in sustaining life on earth. b. they all include only nonliving components of an ecosystem. c. they are all essential for sustaining life on earth. d. they all include only living components of an ecosystem. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The thing that all biogeochemical cycles have in common are that c. they are all essential for sustaining life on earth.
In the field of ecology, a biogeochemical cycle can be described as a process by which an essential substance or element is transferred among the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem.
The material revolves around the earth as well as the atmosphere and is recycled. The biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. water cycles etc are all essential for the sustenance of life on Earth.
Without the biogeochemical cycles, resources will not be recycled in the environment and there will be a depletion of resources.
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I need to know the rest of the answers
Capillary action cohesion, Amazing water adhesion, bubbling beakers specific heat capacity, Magic pepper polarity , and pouring water demo capillary action.
What are the differences between Adhesion and cohesion ?Like molecules (of the same substance) have the ability to adhere to one another due to attraction to one another, which is known as cohesion. Adhesion is the ability of certain molecules or surfaces to stick to one another. Solids, for instance, have high cohesive qualities, which prevent them from adhering to surfaces with which they come into touch. Gases, however, have a poor cohesiveness. Water is cohesive and sticky in nature. A sphere is created when water molecules adhere to one another. Cohesive forces have produced this. Water molecules reaching the container's surface are at a greater level when enclosed in a tube (see Meniscus). This is a result of the adhesive force between the molecules of water and those of the container.
Magic pepper is an experiment in which pepper polarizes easily , the electrons move to one end of the pepper gain and protons move to the other end . Capillary action is the movement of water within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion , cohesion and surface tension.
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Over the next several days, Sandy, Matt, and Jim debated the possibility of an embryonic stem cell treatment. The Allisons were conflicted about this decision because they were devout Christians who strongly opposed abortion, and they had heard that embryonic stem cells came from aborted fetuses.
Sandy brought this issue up with Dr. Gupta, the head investigator for the experimental stem cell study.
“Doctor, we are excited about the possibility of a treatment that may enable Jim to walk again. However, we do not want to harm other lives in the process of curing our son. Will this treatment result in the death of innocent lives?” Sandy asked Dr. Gupta.
1. Why is there controversy surrounding the therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells?
2. What embryos are used as the source for embryonic stem cells? What would happen to these embryos if they were not used in such treatments?
3. Taking into account the information you provided for the last question, how would you answer Sandy’s question to Dr. Gupta?
1) The controversy about stem cells is the fact that life is destroyed in order to obtain it.
2) The early-stage embryos are used as the source for embryonic stem cells. If they are not used for stem cells, they would develop to become babies.
3) The use of the stem cells must result in the death of innocent lives.
What is stem cell?The term stem cell has to do with the kind of cells that could be used in the treatment of certain conditions that require the regeneration of cells. These are those kinds of cells that would lead to a possible cure for some very serious diseases such as the sickle cell anemia and damaged joints and spinal injuries.
There have been a lot of controversies that surround the stem cells because of the fact that it involves obtaining the stem cells from early-stage embryos and these can only be obtained during the cause of abortion. The early-stage embryos are destroyed after the stem cells are harvested so they never make it to the world.
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At which location would earthquakes be least likely to occur?
A
Locations like Antarctica would be least likely to experience an earthquake because they have less or no faulty lines.
Earthquakes are the tremors that occur inside the surface of the earth due to the slipping of tectonic plates against each other. The frequency of earthquake depends upon various factors like distance from the epicenter, the intensity of slippage of tectonic plates, etc.
Faulty lines are the fractures that are present between two rocks inside the Earth's surface. Since plain region do not have rocks that is the reason why faulty lines cannot be found there and hence earthquakes are also less, as their rapid movement causes earthquake.
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Which of these processes are necessary for sexual reproduction to occur?
Group of answer choices
binary fission and budding
budding of one parent
the joining of male and female gametes
mitosis and binary fission
Answer:
Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Each parent contributes a gamete - a sex cell that has half of the normal DNA of a regular body cell. In males, the gametes are sperm and in females, the gametes are eggs.
When these two gamete combine during fertilization, the result is a zygote, which then continues to develop into an embryo.
hope it helps you
Explain how one gene can have many variations
A gene can have many variants, which produce physical differences in individuals.
What are many variants of genes?Genetic variations can arise from gene variants (also called mutations) or from a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell gets ready to divide (known as genetic recombination). Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function can introduce different traits in an organism these are differences between individuals inherited from parents, such as the color of your eyes, hair, and skin. Environmental variation - these are differences between individuals that are not inherited but caused by the environment that the organism lives in, including scars and tattoos. Genetic diversity has three different sources: mutation, recombination, and immigration of genes. Alleles are essential because they account for the differences in inherited characteristics from one individual to another. There are a total of 324 million known variants in human genomes
so we can conclude that physical differences in individuals are produced from the presence of many variants of gene.
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