Syphilis can be contracted through making contact with such a chancre, the sore, that is a sign of the illness.Chancres may form inside, close to, or on the pnis.
What three types of antigens are there?Your body contains three different types of antigen-presenting cells: B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.One of its responsibilities is to play detective by pointing out potential invaders to the immune system's other cells.
What kinds of things are antigens?Antigens are compounds, typically proteins, located on the surface of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or cells.Antigens can also include nonliving things including poisons, chemicals, medications, and foreign objects (like a splinter).
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why are differential reproductive processes vital to the survivak of a population?
Answer: its D
Explanation:
what do natural killer cells do and why are they considered a bridge between the innate and acquired immune response
It should not be assumed that NK cells are innate immune cells based on how quickly they react to an infection.
True, when a pathogen is encountered, innate immune cells typically react fast; but, this trait alone should not be used to define innate immunity. Indeed, while memory CD8+ T cells have the same potential to release cytokines in the absence of cognate antigen as NK cells do in response to high amounts of type I-IFN or IL-12 and IL-18 in the environment, no one would argue that the latter cell type should be categorized as "innate" Furthermore, NK cells and CD8+ T cells have similar functional properties.
An NK cell mediates cytotoxicity (usually by directing release of perforin and granzyme) and secretes effector cytokines (such as IFN-) in a manner that is remarkably similar to that of effector and memory CD8+ T cells when it comes into contact with its corresponding receptor on a target cell.
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Provide at least five specific examples of how what a person sees can initiate a response in one of their other body systems.
Our endocrine system receives terror messages from our eyes, which can then affect other systems. Moreover, being afraid of anything might cause us to scream, stop breathing, close our eyes, and do other things.
What distinguishes the cow eye from the human eye that enables the cow to see better at night or in low light?The tapetum lucidum, an iridescent, reflective layer on the choroid that is present in many animals including the cow, deer, and cat, aids in light reflection.
What are the five bodily systems?Typically, the circulatory, respiratory, muscular, and digestive systems are covered in primary school.
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if a scientist wanted to determine if a forest environment had been polluted, which group of organisms typically would be the best indicator for the presence of pollutants?
If a scientist wanted to know if a forest environment had been polluted, amphibians would have been the best indicator of contaminants.
What function do forests serve for the environment?A third of the earth's surface is made up of forests, which are vital to the sustainability of our environment. For instance, woods and trees capture and store a significant amount of the carbon dioxide that would otherwise be causing climate change. About 80% of the remaining terrestrial biodiversity is found in forests.
Why is the forest so crucial?We can depend on forests for shelter, work, water, food, and fuel security. All of these activities involve forests in one way or another.
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please help me ive been crying about this for an hour
DNA sequencing commonly uses a reaction mixture prepared from a primer, DNA polymerase, the DNA to be sequenced, and includes all four kinds of nucleotides, as well as the four kinds of ____ each labeled with a different colored pigment. Beginning at the ____ , the DNA polymerase ____ adds either a regular nucleotide or a dideoxynucleotide to the 3’ end of the growing strand of DNA. Synthesis continues as long as ____ are added. When a dideoxynucleotide is added the synthesis of the strand _____ there.
The blanks are highlighted below:
DNA sequencing commonly uses a reaction mixture prepared from a primer, DNA polymerase, the DNA to be sequenced, and includes all four kinds of nucleotides, as well as the four kinds of __dideoxynucleotide (ddntp__ each labeled with a different colored pigment. Beginning at the __5'__ , the DNA polymerase __continuously__ adds either a regular nucleotide or a dideoxynucleotide to the 3’ end of the growing strand of DNA. Synthesis continues as long as _nucleotides___ are added. When a dideoxynucleotide is added the synthesis of the strand ___end__ there
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Part E: Write Your Paper
Write your research using your outline and the research you’ve collected. Be sure to proofread and revise your writing to catch any errors in grammar, spelling, logic, or cohesion. Remember that you must add a works cited page at the end of your paper to give credit to your sources. Write a a three- to five-page research paper that addresses these questions in detail:
Is a single cure for all cancers likely?
Curing cancer is often compared to curing an infectious disease. Is this a fair comparison?
a) It is possible to have a single cure for cancer as research advances.
b) Just as an infectious disease spreads to other people, cancer cells are able to spread throughout the body. This is a crude but fair approximation of the nature of cancer.
What is cancer?Cancer is a kind of disease in which there is a sudden development of malignant cells in the body. These malignant cells are able to reproduce rapidly and the reproduction of these cells would lead to the spread of the cancer.
There is the possibility of a single cure for all cases of cancer but this would depend on the furtherance of research into the etymology of the disease and its pathology.
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the timing of a mutation during development has negligible effects on the severity of the genetic defect.
False, they have a defect in NER. Most oncogenes encode proteins that function in cell growth signaling pathways.
What is NER ?The primary route by which animals remove large DNA lesions from DNA, such as those caused by UV light, environmental mutagens, and some cancer chemotherapy adducts, is known as nucleotide excision repair (NER). Xeroderma pigmentosum, a genetic condition that is incredibly likely to cause skin cancer, is linked to NER deficiency.
A flexible DNA repair system called nucleotide excision repair (NER) is capable of eradicating a wide variety of base defects from the genome.
NER takes place through four basic steps: Recognizing DNA damage is the first step, followed by cutting both sides of the DNA lesion and removing the damaged DNA fragment, gap-filling DNA synthesis, and ligation of open DNA ends.
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The timing of a mutation during development has negligible effects on the severity of the genetic defect. Patients who suffer from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) have a defective mismatch repair system. True or False ?
Which are functions of the intermediate filaments?
Choose all that apply:
completion of cell division
helping to "walk" proteins through the cell
cell movement
pulling chromosomes apart during cell division
anchors organelles
maintaining cell shape
The functions of the intermediate filaments include:
anchors organelles maintaining cell shapehelping to "walk" proteins through the cellWhat are intermediate filaments?Intermediate filaments are described as cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates.
Intermediate filaments are therefore found in particularly durable structures such as hair, scales and fingernails and the primary function of intermediate filaments is to create cell cohesion and prevent the acute fracture of epithelial cell sheets under tension.
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how does the dna molecule produce a copy of itself? dna does not get copied; rna does. it uses enzymes. it splits in half down the middle. rna copies dna.
Answer:
it splits in half and down the middle
if dna receptors on the cell surface of a bacterial cell were mutated and nonfunctional, how would that affect the bacterial cell?
The cell wouldn't be able to take up environment-derived bare DNA.
What would happen if a gene quizlet's promoter region had a mutation?Gene transcription can be changed by a mutation in the promoter region. Describe how this might occur. To raise or reduce the rate of transcription, mutated promoters change the binding location for transcription factors.
What might occur in the event that the DNA promoter sequence is altered?A change in the promoter region can affect how a gene is expressed. Describe how this might occur. The binding location for a transcription factor that typically binds to boost transcription can be altered by a mutation in the promoter region.
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if an individual allele has more than one effect on the phenotype it is said to be
if an individual allele has more than one effect on the phenotype it is said to be
Mendal's heredity "factors" are known as phenotypes in modern parlance.
Gregor Mendel uncovered the basic principles of inheritance through his study on pea plants. He concluded that genes are inherited from each parent as separate, paired units. Mendel observed how parental genes separated and if they showed up as dominant or recessive qualities in the children.What are the hereditary laws of Mendel?
Mendel's dominance principle is implemented in the heredity of a sizable number of traits in both plants and animals. This theory states that although hybrid kids inherit the traits of both parents, they only clearly display the characteristics of one parent or the other.
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Cross an agouti rabbit with a chinchilla, using the following alleles: A=agouti, C=chinchilla, a=albino, A is dominant over C and a, C is dominant over a. Then using one of those offspring, complete a cross with an albino. Indicate the phenotypic ratios. Assume the agouti rabbit is female.
A. 3/4 chinchilla, 1/4 albino
B. 1/2 chinchilla, 1/4 albino
C. 3/4 albino, 1/4 chinchilla
I'm insanely confused because both an agouti and chinchilla are dominant compared to the albino so how is albino even an option???
Since both the parents are homozygous there allele would be
( Agouti X Albino ) x ( Augoti x Albino)
= (Agouti, Albino), (Agouti, Albino), (Agouti,Agouti ), (Albino , Albino)
The correct answer is option C
Are rabbits predominately agouti?Of all the A series genes, the agouti gene has the highest level of dominance.This indicates that regardless of whether a rabbit obtains an a(t), a, or A from the other parent, the agouti pattern will be present if it inherits this gene from one parent.The "wild bunny" pattern is produced by this gene.
What hue of rabbit is the rarest?Blue American RabbitDue to World War I, they were originally known as the German Blue Vienna, but their name was changed to the American Blue Rabbit.It is exclusive to North America and is now the rarest breed of rabbit in the country.
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In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
A:chloroplast
B:vascular bundle
C:mitochondrion
D:stoma
Answer: Chloroplast
Explanation:
The enzyme DNA BLANK joins individual BLANK to original DNA strand following the rule of BLANK pairing
Answer:The enzyme DNA Polymerase joins individual Nucleotides to the original DNA strands, following the rules of pairing.
the human skin plays an important role in a variety of organ systems. which organ system is least likely to have a direct interaction with the skin?
The digestive system is the substantially less likely to engage in a direct contact with the skin because all of its functions are directed by internal organs that do not involve skin to function.
The digestive system is made up of your GI tract, as well as your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a network of hollow organs that connects your mouth to your stomach. GI tract is made up of the following organs, in order of connection: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
The digestive system is specifically designed to convert your food into the nutrition and energy you need to survive. Then, when you have a bowel movement, it tidily bundles your solid waste, or stool, for discretion.
Digestion is necessary because your body needs nutrients from the foods you eat and the liquids you drink in order to stay healthy and function properly. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The nutrients in the food and liquids you consume are broken down and consumed by your digestive system, which it then utilizes for stuff like energy, growth, and cell repair.
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the result of an infection by a microbe called a superantigen can cause an excessive, uncontrolled release of cytokines called a(n) which can lead to a dangerous decrease in blood pressure, shock, multi-organ failure, and potentially, death.
Superantigen type toxins lead to the release of excessive amounts of cytokines stimulating a hyperactive immune response that can lead to shock and death in the affected individual.
In the field of biology, such a kind of antigen that is responsible for the production of an excessive immune response is referred to as a superantigen.
As a result of superantigen-type toxins invading the body, more cytokines will be produced. This is because cytokines are sites of the body that are involved in the production of immune cells.
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If a segment of one side of a dna molecule has 500 adenine bases, how many thymine bases does the other side have? responses
A. 0
B. 0, 125
C. 125, 250
D. 250, 500
500 thymine bases will make up the other strand. Because adenine and thymine are complementary, they bond with one another in the opposing strands of a DNA molecule.
The opposite side of a DNA molecule has 500 thymine bases if a segment on one side of the molecule has 500 adenine bases. DNA contains four nitrogenous bases. Two of these are adenine and thymine. Guanine and cytosine make up the remaining two bases. A cell learns how to make the proteins it needs to function properly based on the order in which these four bases are read.
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Answer: The answer is 500
Explanation:
I took the k12 test.
For sneaky snakes, being rude (R) is dominant to being respectful (r). Complete the cross below, and determine the phenotype (dominant : recessive) ratio.
R r
r #1 #2
r #3 #4
2 (#5) : 2 (#6)
Column A
1.
#1:
#1
2.
#2:
#2
3.
#3:
#3
4.
#4:
#4
5.
#5:
#5
6.
#6:
#6
Column B
a.Rr
b.RR
c.sweet
d.respectful
e.sneaky
f.rr
g.rude
According to the question, the female snake will have genotype rrss, whereas the male snake will have genotype RRSS.
What is the offspring's phenotype?The trait that these genes express is known as phenotype. Phenotypes include things like blossom position, pod shape, eye color, and hair color. In this case, it instructed you to create a hybrid between two parents whose eye color was homozygous dominant.
How is the genotype discovered?A genetic test is a clear-cut approach to determine your genotype. These days, businesses like 23andMe can do this reasonably cheaply. But for this to function, researchers must have identified the genetic variation that results in a trait.
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What is the name of the scientist that developed the classification system we use today?.
Classification levels. Eight levels of taxa make up the generally used classification scheme, which is based on the Linnean system.
They are, from most general to most particular, domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.
The most exact sequence of creatures and classification of life is provided by this system of classification, which is based on the evolutionary and genetic relationships of organisms in addition to natural characteristics. It is founded on genetic and molecular analysis.
Today marks the 312th anniversary of the birth of Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist and physician who is credited with creating Latin binomial nomenclature, also known as scientific names. This system essentially functions as a system for classifying and organizing plant and animal species.
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How much urine is needed to plate out a culture?
O 1.0ml
O 0.001ml
O 0.1ml
O 0.01ml
Answer: The correct answer is O. 0.1ml or O. 0.5ml.
Explanation:
It is not typical to plate out a culture using urine. Plating out a culture generally involves transferring a small volume of a liquid culture or a sample from a solid growth medium onto a solid agar medium in order to isolate and grow individual colonies of microorganisms. Urine is not a commonly used growth medium for microorganisms and is not typically used for plating out cultures.
To plate out a culture, a small volume of the culture, typically in the range of 0.1-0.5 mL, is transferred onto the agar medium using a sterile pipette or similar tool. The volume needed to plate out a culture will depend on the specific procedure being used and the characteristics of the culture, such as its density and concentration.
Therefore, the correct answer is O. 0.1ml or O. 0.5ml.
Temperature must be controlled in order to maintain the optimum temperature for what tyoe of protein to work?
Protein-based enzymes can only function if Maintaining the ideal temperature requires managing the temperature.
What purposes serve enzymes?Enzymes accelerate the chemical reactions in the body. They also perform a variety of other functions, such as those involved in breathing, food processing, and muscle and nerve activity. Each cell in the human body has thousands of enzymes. Enzymes can help speed up the internal chemical processes taking place in each cell.
What is the simple definition of an enzyme?Enzymes are proteins that serve as biological catalysts in living things. A specific chemical reaction inside the cell is accelerated by it. Without experiencing any negative effects, the enzyme is extensively utilized.
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Which area changes length during shortening?
Question options:
A) the "Z" line
B) the "I" band
C) the "A" band
D) all of the above
The area that changes length during shortening is B) the "I" band.
How to determine the area that changes length?To determine the area that changes length, we start by analysing each of the lines and the bands represented in the list of options
So, we have the following highlights:
The "I" band
The "I" band is the area of the sarcomere that contains only thin filaments.
During shortening, the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments, reducing the length of the "I" band.
The "Z" line
The "Z" line is the boundary of the sarcomere, and it does not change length.
The "A" band
The "A" band is the area of the sarcomere that contains the entire length of the thick filaments, and it also does not change length.
Using the above as a guide, we can conclude that only the "I" band changes length during shortening.
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What island provided the most vital air base in the U.S. island-hopping campaign?
Answer:
Okinawa
Explanation:
Parents that are heterozygous for having freckles (dominant) are crossed. Which correctly describes their offspring?
Twenty-five percent have freckles.
Twenty-five percent are Ff.
Seventy-five percent have freckles.
Seventy-five percent are Ff.
in american football what anatomical actions are required and which muscles and ligaments are involved?
In American football, kicking depends on the flexion of the hip and the extension of the knee. Muscles and ligaments involved are: hamstrings, hip adductors and glutes to control the hip.
What is required in kicking a football?Kicking depends on the hamstrings, hip adductors and glutes to control the hip during contact and hamstrings extend the knee. The muscles transfer all the forces to the ball. As quad muscles are on the front of the thigh, so they help you straighten your knee so you can kick, run and jump.
The hip flexors, comprised of the iliacus and psoas muscle, and the quadriceps muscles use the elastic energy which was stored during the swinging back phase to whip the leg forward.
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if a cell underwent mitosis, and its daughter cells were immediately exposed to chemicals that damaged the dna, at which stage of the cell cycle checkpoint would you predict the cell would arrest?
If a cell underwent mitosis, and its daughter cells were exposed to chemicals that damaged DNA, then the stage of cell cycle checkpoint at which the cell would arrest would be G1 stage of the interphase.
What do you mean by interphase?The cell cycle is composed of two phases: interphase and the cell division phase.
The interphase takes place before cell division and it is the stage during which the cell prepares to divide, which means its content must be in the proper proportion to produce daughter cells with same intracellular content. Interphase is composed of G1, S, and G2 stages.
Cell undergoes division, after the interphase. When the cell ends its division, then the produced daughter cells immediately begin the process again starting with interphase.
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When a country' export exceed it import, the nation ha a ________. Group of anwer choice
trade deficit
negative balance of trade
trade urplu and negative balance of trade
trade urplu
When a country' export exceed it import, the nation ha a trade urplu.
When a country's exports outweigh its imports, it has a?The trade balance is considered to be favorable if exports outpace imports and the nation enjoys a trade surplus. The trade balance of a nation or region is said to be negative if imports outpace exports, creating a trade deficit.
What Exactly Is a Trade Deficit?When a country imports more than it sells over a specific time frame, there is a trade deficit. A negative balance of trade is another name for it (BOT). Different sorts of transactions, including those involving products, services, and goods and services, can be used to calculate the balance.
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According to modern evolutionary theory, genes
responsible for new traits that help a species
survive in a particular environment will usually
PLS I NEED ASAP 41 POINTS
Answer:
electrical = involve electrical charges
mechanical = position and movement of an object
thermal = involes motion of atoms
chemical = energy stored in chemical bonds
Which essential molecule in the body is out of equilibrium because of a cftr gene defect?.
Answer: chloride — a component of salt
Explanation:
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many surfaces in the body, such as the surface of the lung. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride — a component of salt — becomes trapped in cells.