The ratio of phenotypes that would be expected in the offspring if the two genes show independent assortment is 1:1
The two parent genes are both homozygous recessives. Therefore, any crossing between them would yield a ration of 1 to 1 irrespective of independent assortment leading the offspring to have also homozygous recessive genes. According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, alleles from two (or more) distinct genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another.
In other words, the allele obtained by a gamete for one gene has no effect on the allele received for another gene. In the question, the allele from the two parents are the same hence the off springs expresses the same phenotypic traits.
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what is the difference between theory and law
Answer:
Laws, as demonstrated by a mathematical equation, specify what will occur in a specific circumstance, whereas theories explain how the phenomena occurs.
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What was Lyell’s argument about Earth’s land features and what did it cause Darwin to question about the mountains?
Lyell’s argument about Earth’s land features and what it did to cause Darwin to question the mountains is some of Earth's features resulted from gradual processes acting over long time periods.
This is because the conventional knowledge about mountains was challenged by Lyell and this was a turning point as Darwin himself agreed that the formation of mountains was as a result of sediments that accumulated after a long time.
What is a Mountain?This refers to the landform that is elevated and has bedrock and is a feature of the earth's surface.
Hence, we can see that the argument is that mountains are formed from gradual processes acting over long time periods.
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the fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for natural selection.
The above statement 'the fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for natural selection is true.
Natural selection can be described as a theory that states that organisms that are best adaptable to survive in an environment are able to pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
Organisms that do not have adaptable characteristics tend to become extinct with time. This theory is referred to as natural selection because nature is the one that selects which organisms are fit enough to survive and reproduce in an environment.
The theory of natural selection was formulated by Charles Darwin after many experiments.
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what are the similarity of pondweed cell and escherichia coli
The similarity which exists between pondweed cell and escherichia coli include the following below:
Presence of DNA.Presence of cell wall.What is DNAThis is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and consists of various compounds such as base pairs, phosphate groups etc. It is the genetic material of living organisms and ensures that traits are passed from the parent to offspring during reproduction.
Pondweed is a plant while escherichia coli is an example of a bacteria and they possess DNA which is needed during reproductive activities. They also have cell wall which ensures that there is structural integrity in the cells of the organisms.
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The similarity which exists between pondweed cell and escherichia coli include the following below: Presence of DNA and presence of cell wall.
What does DNA?DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that has all the genetic characteristics of an individual. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of nucleic acid that plays a fundamental role in heredity, being considered the carrier of the genetic message.
Both plant cell and bacterial cell are composed of a cell wall. Both plant cell and bacterial cell are composed of DNA as their genetic material. Both plant cell and bacterial cell perform their own metabolic reactions.
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Drag each label to the correct location on the image. Not all labels will be used.
Mark the different pelagic zones in the ocean.
The pёlagic zone is divided into different areas according to their depth. These zones are part of the photic and aphotic areas. Image and complete explanation attached.
Note: Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
What are the oceanic zones?
The ocean is divided into different zones or regions.
Neritic zone Oceanic zoneThe pёlagic zone is one of the areas into which the oceanic zone is divided.
This zone is also divided into five areas according to depth.
Considering this information, we can complete the image by using all terms excepting for the pёlagic one.
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explain how both clomiphene, an estrogen receptor agonist, and letrozole, which reduces estrogen levels, can both induce ovulation when they seemingly have opposite effects in the body.
The long-established standard medication for ovulation induction, clomiphene citrate (CC), is still regarded as the first-line treatment for PCOS women. Clomiphene does, however, have some clear drawbacks.
Ovulation and pregnancy rates differ after receiving CC treatment (60–85%; 10–20%). The rate of miscarriages is higher than that of the general population[6,7], and 20–25% of PCOS women are clomiphene resistant. The endometrial growth and development as well as the quantity and quality of cervical mucus are negatively impacted by the anti-estrogenic effect of CC, which results in a protracted depletion of estrogen receptors.
An oral aromatase inhibitor with a strong potential for ovulation induction is letrozole. This chemical has been investigated as a potential ovulation inducer by numerous researchers, and it has been in use for a few years now. In women with PCOS who are clomiphene citrate-resistant, letrozole has been demonstrated to have an excellent ovulation rate.
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Match the correct process of mitosis to its phase
The answer is as follows:
The cell separates into new cells: TelephasePaired chromosomes separate at protein structure: AnaphaseDNA is replicated: InterphaseChromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell: MetaphaseWhat is meant by Mitosis phase?The five morphologically separate phases of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Chromosome alignment and segregation are processes that go through distinct phases.When a parent cell divides to create two identical daughter cells, the process of nuclear division known as mitosis takes place in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis refers particularly to the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in the nucleus during cell division.The correct answer is as follows:
The cell separates into new cells: TelephasePaired chromosomes separate at protein structure: AnaphaseDNA is replicated: InterphaseChromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell: MetaphaseTo learn more about mitosis phase refer to:
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Name two species that influence each other and give examples of how this relationship between the species may have influenced the development of each species.
Coyotes and rabbits are two species that influence each other. The ecological relationships between the species that may have influenced the development of each species include, for example, predator-prey relationships or parasitism.
What are ecological relationships?The term ecological relationships make reference to the associations between species in a trophic chain of a given ecosystem, which shapes the development of these species and largely determines their evolution over a long period of time.
These ecological relationships may include predator-prey relationships as occur in the case of coyotes and rabbits, which represent the predator and prey, respectively. Another important type of ecological relationship is parasitism, where one species is benefited and the other is harmed (i.e., the host).
Therefore, we can conclude that predator-prey relationships are a type of ecological relationship which may shape the development of species such as coyotes and rabbits in an ecosystem.
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Some students set up an experiment to investigate osmosis. They filled two pieces of dialysis [visking] tubing with different liquids and left them both in a beaker of 5% sucrose solution for an hour. Describe and explain the likely results after one hour.
Visking tubing is a partly permeable artificial membrane that allows smaller molecules such as water and glucose to flow through its minute gaps. Larger molecules, such as starch and sucrose, are unable to flow through it.
What occurs during the Visking tubing experiment?Water osmotically travels over the membrane from the rising water concentration (dilute solutions) in the beaker to the poor water content (concentrated solution) in the Visking tubing, increasing the amount of liquid in the Visking tubing and forcing liquid up the capillary tube.
When sugar dissolves in water, water and sucrose molecules create weak connections. These connections make it more challenging for water to osmotically exit the solution.
Starch molecules are too big to pass through the artificial selectively permeable membrane.
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Instead of an indicator or reagent for the lipid test, what was used?
Instead of a reagent we can use emulsion test to identify a lipid molecule.
Using wet chemistry, the emulsion test is a technique for identifying the presence of lipids. The process involves suspending the sample in ethanol so that any lipids it contains can disintegrate (lipids are soluble in alcohols). The liquid, which contains dissolved fat and alcohol, is then decanted into water.
Procedure to do an emulsion test for lipids:
Add the ethanol, then shake. Shake the sample vigorously for a minute after adding ethanol.Fill the water with the solution. In a test tube filled with water, pour the entire solution next.Look for the development of a milky white emulsion. Lipids won't mix with water since they are immiscible in water due to their insolubility.Any lipids in your sample will consequently float to the surface and create a milky white emulsion. The milky tint will become more noticeable the more lipids there are in your sample.To know more about lipids visit:
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PLEASE ANSWER: How do humans help biodiversity in some ecosystems?
Answer: Humans help biodiversity in ecosystems by buying fewer products and making sure the products you do buy, minimise the impact on biodiversity. Investing in ways that promote biodiversity. Reducing waste of consumer goods: food, clothes, electrical appliances etc. Recycling.
What areas of the brain are responsible for creativity in the brain.
Answer:
Frontal cortex Is we’re you get ur great creativity at
Explanation:
what would be the effect on leading-strand and lagging-strand synthesis of inactivating each of the following enzymes in an e. coli cell [note that e. coli is a typical prokaryote]? a. primase b. dna ligase c. dna polymerase i (pol i)
Topoisomerase inhibits the tightly bonded double-stranded DNA, primase synthesizes RNA during DNA replication, and DNA polymerase 1 is used to initiate the DNA replication process.
What is DNA ligase and what is its work and how it inactivates the enzyme in e-coli?By catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between double-stranded DNA fragments with juxtaposed 5'-phosphate termini and 3'-hydroxyl termini in the presence of the NAD cofactor, E. coli DNA Ligase is a ligation enzyme that can be used to connect DNA fragments.
Inactivating DNA ligase in e-coli, a prokaryotic bacteria the leading and lagging strands both would not get binded.Because DNA ligase has the function of joining both overhanging stretches of DNA.Inactivating primase in e-coli would not synthesize RNA which is needed to initiate DNA replication.Inactivating DNA polymerase 1 in e-coli would not initiate the DNA replication process.To know more about e-coli visit:
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How does photosynthesis change energy?
The cell is the most basic structure that exhibits the characteristics of and meets the challenges of what?
The cell is the most basic structure that exhibits the characteristics of an organism and meets the challenges of the environment.
What characteristics are common in many types of cells?Living things have many common traits i.e. Cellular organization, the ability to reproduce cells, growth & development, energy use, homeostasis, response to their environment, and the ability to adapt. Living things will show all of these traits. All living organism's cells share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and cell energy processing. Characteristics are the distinguishing features or qualities of something. You might like to think of cell characteristics as those qualities that make a person or a thing different from others.
So we can conclude that the majority of cells share several characteristics i.e. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes
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describe the role of chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, accessory pigments, reaction-center pigments, and antennae pigments in capturing radiant energy.
chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, accessory pigments, reaction-center pigments, and antennae pigments are all components of the photosystem that helps to capture radiant energy in plants and organisms such as bacteria.
Chlorophyll: In a plant, chlorophyll's function is to absorb light, often sunlight. Two types of energy-storing molecules receive the light energy that is absorbed.
Bacteriochlorophyll: Anoxygenic (don't produce O2) photosynthetic bacteria include bacteriochlorophylls, which absorb wavelengths that chlorophylls do not, enabling the bacteria to grow in environments where other photosynthetic organisms cannot.
Accessory pigments: absorbing wavelengths that the other pigments are unable to absorb, accessory pigments improve the efficiency of light capture.
Teaction center pigment: In the photosynthetic process, reaction-center pigments serve as electron donors.
Antennae pigments: A complex of pigments called the antennae serves as a funnel, collecting light energy, and transmitting it to a pigment called the response center.
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if the adjacent tryptophan codons in the trp operon leader sequence are mutated to alanine codons, what is the predicted effect on trp operon regulation?
Attenuation may occur in response to high alanine levels.
What is Attenuation?Given that transcription and translation occur simultaneously in bacteria, attenuation is a suggested regulatory mechanism in some bacterial operons that results in the premature termination of transcription. A provisional stop signal, found in the DNA segment corresponding to the mRNA leader sequence, is involved in attenuation.
The ribosome gets stuck inside the attenuator region of the mRNA leader during attenuation. The attenuator either blocks production at that point or permits read-through to the structure gene portion of the mRNA and the production of the appropriate protein depending on the metabolic diseases.
Attenuation is a regulation mechanism that causes premature transcriptional termination and is present in all Archaea and Bacteria.
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Where do cows being treated with antibiotics live?
slow pain is mediated by what type of nociceptor? group of answer choices ruffini's free endings polymodal nociceptors merkel's disk a-gamma fibers a-delta fibers
polymodal nociceptors that are capable of evoking a range of pain sensations and responses
Polymodal nociceptorWide dynamic range nociceptive neurons, also known as polymodal-nociceptive neurons. Both painful and non-painful cutaneous and/or visceral stimuli stimulate these neurons (polymodal nociceptive neurons). Diverse noxious stimuli cause these neurons to fire (mechanical, thermal, chemical, etc.)Additionally, distinct subsets respond to various stimuli, with the majority being classified as polymodal based on anatomical, in vivo, and in vitro electrophysiological data. But morphological and electrophysiological information has also demonstrated that some nociceptors are more sensitive to a limited spectrum of stimuli.To learn more about Polymodal nociceptor refer:
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What relationship, if any, do you see between a star's color and its temperature? Select the three statements that are correct.
As the star goes through its cycle, its temperature and composition change, and so does its color. Options c) Orange Stars are cooler d) Blue Stars are hotter, and e) The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
How does temperature change during the star cycle?The star cycle begins with a nebula stage and ends in white dwarfs or supernovas, depending on the star's mass.
As the new star is formed, temperature increases and star composition changes, being the causes the stars change from one stage to the other through the cycle.
Usually, the star's color is an indicator of its temperature. Red stars have less temperature (about 3000ºC), while blue stars have the highest temperature (about 30000ºC). The sun -yellow star- is about 6000ºC.
Among the options, the correct ones are c, d, and e.
c. Orange Stars are cooler
d. Blue Stars are hotter
e. The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
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Complete question
What relationship, if any, do you see between a star's color and its temperature? Select the three statements that are correct.
Select one or more:
a. Orange Stars are hotter
b. There is no relationship between a star's color and its temperature
c. Orange Stars are cooler
d. Blue Stars are hotter
e. The color of a star is directly related to its temperature.
f Blue Stars are cooler
In which cell diagram is ATP being utilized for the transport of molecules?
Answer:
answer is cell A only
dna hybridization techniques, such as fish, require the melting and re- annealing of dna to its original form. what chemical feature of dna allows for this to occur?
The chemical feature that allows the melting and re-annealing of DNA to its original form is Hydrogen bonding between bases (we can easily open up AT-rich regions of DNA).
DNA is made of four nucleotide bases. The nucleotide base Adenine pairs with Thyme. The nucleotide base Cytosine pairs up with Guanine. The number of hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine is two whereas the number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine is three.
Techniques like DNA hybridization which require Melting and re-annealing of DNA can happen because the hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine are easier to break.
The A-T rich regions can be melted at high temperatures to break down the DNA and can be annealed afterward by ligases.
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of the following types of organisms, which are examples of microscopic algae? (select all that apply.) group of answer choices coccolithophores krill dinoflagellates photosynthetic bacteria diatoms
All of the organisms in question i.e. coccolithophores krill dinoflagellates photosynthetic bacteria diatoms are examples of microscopic algae.
What are microscopic algae?
Planktonic algae, often known as microalgae, are aquatic organisms that are found in hundreds of different kinds worldwide. The most well-known microalgae species include coccolithophores, cryptomonads, golden algae, yellow-green algae, and euglenoids, but diatoms, dinoflagellates, and green algae are also present. Since there are so many diatoms floating around in the oceans, nearly half of the oxygen on Earth is created through photosynthetic activity. Despite the fact that diatoms and dinoflagellates are types of planktonic algae, they are sometimes mistaken for red or brown algae. Due to their inability to float freely, red and brown algae are not regarded as phytoplankton. Rarely single-celled, true red and brown algae stick to rocks or other surfaces rather than drifting at the surface. For the same reasons, multicellular green algae is not regarded as phytoplankton. Algae must be single-celled or colonial (a collection of single cells) and live and die in the water without being attached to any substrate in order to be classified as phytoplankton.
Following available literature, all of coccolithophores, krill dinoflagellates, photosynthetic bacteria, diatoms fall under microscopic algae.
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which is the most likely function of the inner lining
Answer:
Explanation:
Simple epithelium has only one cell layer where every cell is in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. Generally, this type of epithelium is found inside the body probably due to the fragile nature and forms the lining of the body cavities, blood and lymph vessels, heart and respiratory system.
Being a thin layer has the physiological advantage of faster absorption and filtration especially when it lines the digestive tract and exchange surfaces of the lungs.
The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called __________. a. recovery b. experience c. neurogenesis d. plasticity please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer is option D: The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called plasticity.
The ability of the brain to change its connections in response to the environment and a person's experiences is known as brain plasticity. Neuronal connections are established beginning in the fetal stage. Some relationships are kept after birth while others vanish.
The rewiring of the neural circuits during an apprenticeship is a result of the brain's plasticity. During this time, some neuronal connections are strengthened (synapses). The brain is indeed malleable. On the contrary, it changes throughout time.
Undifferentiated cells, which can replace inadvertently killed neurons, also enable cerebral plasticity. For instance, in the rat, the removal of vibriosis (whiskers with a sensory function) alters the way that neurons are arranged in the brain. The disappearance of vibriosis leads to the reorganization of the somatosensory cortex.
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How do you tell the difference in atoms
which muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension, arm flexion, superman exercises on floor and burpees, etc.
Quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension.
What is the main function of the hamstrings?Your hamstring muscles are essential for walking, running, bending your knees, and extending your legs. However, these muscles are also quite prone to damage, particularly if you play football or soccer or engage in other activities that include many pauses and starts.
What happens when hamstrings are weak?Hamstring weakness can exacerbate knee pain and raise the risk of hamstring strain. Many people say they frequently stretch their hamstrings yet they never seem to get more flexible.
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the growth of 10 different plants is recorded what is the independent variable
Answer:
The independent variable is probably whatever is being used to create the growth, like water or light etc. The growth is the dependent variable.
Explanation:
how does reduced biodiversity affect humans
Which of the following best describes what happens during a cross-over event?
Tetrads change orientation as they line up along the center of the cell.
Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.
X and Y sex chromosomes overlap and combine together during metaphase.
Spindle fibers overlap and attach to the wrong chromosomes during anaphase.
Answer:
Second no.. is a right answer.
Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.