When a ligand binding domain is inserted into the ER during synthesis of the transmembrane molecule lying in the plasma membrane , it will lie on the lumen side of the ER.
ER stands for Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a cell organelle present in eukaryotic cells only. There are two types of ER: rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER). The RER is involved in protein synthesis and the SER is involved in lipid synthesis.
Plasma membrane is the outer payer present in all the cells. Its functions is to separate the interior of the cells from the outer environment. It is also a semi-permeable membrane involved in the regulation of traffic crossing it.
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TRUE OR FALSE
(1) Diffusion can happen in solids.
(2) Osmosis is about the movement of water.
(3) The absorption of minerals in in plant roots happens by diffusion.
(4) Heating up particles gives them more kinetic energy.
(5) A very salty solution has a high water potential.
(6) A large organism has a large surface area to volume ratio.
(7) Diffusion has to happen across a membrane.
(8) Osmosis is from high water potential to low water potential.
(9) Active transport is against a concentration gradient.
(10) The further the distance the faster diffusion occurs.
Q: Ben waters his plant with salt water by mistake. Explain why the plant wilts.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. False
10. False
Explanation:
Was wind blowing when this picture was taken? How do you know?
Please help me I’ve been looking at this for two hours and I had three unit tests today and two yesterday I passed them but I barely did because I had to study for math yesterday.
Answer:
Yes the wind was blowing about 2 days ago. There was a Wind Advisory in Michigan. Also their hair is blowing in their faces.
what are the structures in the cerebrum that are elevated ridges, which increase surface area to increase the number of neurons in a specific area?
The purpose of the brain's gyri and sulci, or ridges and grooves, is to increase surface area.
What is the name for the raised ridges in the cerebrum?The shallow grooves on the cerebral cortex's surface are referred to as sulci, while the higher tissue ridges are called gyri.
Signals are transferred between nerve cells in different regions of the brain and body through white nerve fibres that are below the skin. The neocortex, a six-layered structure present in animals, has a wrinkled surface that enhances its surface area.
The cerebellum has an odd surface appearance that hides the fact that the cerebellar cortex, a layer of grey matter, makes up the majority of the structure. This layer's ridges are collectively referred to as folium.
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consider a field of insects all of which have essentially the same mass. if total mometum of the insects is zero what does this imply about their motion
There are two possibilities if the insects' combined momentum is zero. Either every bug is at rest, or an equal number of insects are moving in opposition to one another, canceling out the overall momentum.
What is momentum?Mass in motion is a definition of momentum. All things have mass, thus if something is moving, it must have momentum because its mass is in motion.
Momentum is a vector quantity with a direction and a magnitude that is described by the word. Newton-seconds are used to measure momentum. The relationship between mass, direction, and speed is referred to as momentum.
Momentum is a measure of how much an object is moving, whereas velocity is a measure of how fast an object is moving in a certain direction. Velocity is one of the components of momentum, which is defined as the item's mass multiplied by the speed of the object.
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1 point
This is a solution that contains an equal amount of dissolved particles as within the cell; cell doesn’t change shape or size
Isotonic solution is a solution that contains an equal amount of dissolved particles as within the cell; cell doesn’t change shape or size.
What is a Solution?This is referred to as a homogeneous mixture which consists of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent such as water.
There are different types of solution and an example is Isotonic solution which contains an equal amount of dissolved particles as within the cell and the process of osmosis which involves the movement of solute molecules doesn't occur in the cell which is therefore the reason why the cell doesn’t change shape or size.
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Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth. This indicates that.
The fact that these bacteria have adhesins for strep cells means that strep is the cell they attach to when starting the disease process.
Periodontal disease represents a group of oral inflammatory diseases mediated by adhesins on the surface of bacteria and by receptors on the surface of bacteria. Oral streptococci produce an arsenal of adhesive molecules that allow them to efficiently colonize different tissues in the mouth. Bacteria associated with periodontal disease are predominantly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and may include A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Synergistete were highly associated with periodontal disease. On the other hand, Actinobacteria was found in a higher proportion in health. The dominant bacterial species in dental plaque are Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans, both of which are considered responsible for plaque.
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where would you expect to see the ligand binding site of a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel protein?
As we previously discussed, ligand-gated ion channels are frequently found in electrically excitable cells, such as neurons.
What exactly is a neuron? What are its functions?Neurons, usually referred to as nerve fibers or nerve fibers, are the fundamental constituents of the brain. They are the cells in favor of collecting in sensory data from the outside environment, transmitting nerve signals to our muscles, and transforming and relaying electronic pulses at each step along the route.
What is the neuron's most crucial role?Transmitting signals or impulses all throughout body is the primary role of neurons. The extended extensions of the neurons' cell bodies known as dendrites and axons are what primarily aid in this transmission.
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6. Examine the horse forelimb fossil evidence below. Describe the evolution of the forelimb of the horse. VI is the most recent fossil while I is the oldest fossil.
Earlier horse ancestors were specialized for living in tropical forests,whereas current horses have evolved to live in drier environments.The evolution of tooth forms, foot and limb architecture, and grazing habits with predator-escape adaptations are all seen in successive fossils.
How is the evolution of a horse shown in its fossil history?In North America, there is a lengthy, continuous fossil sequence for horses dating back 55 million years, which provides the concrete evidence can trace individual steps and changes in evolution over a long period of time, he said. "Horses are a really good illustration of this," he said.
What kind of evolution are horse fossils displaying?As a result, this collection of prehistoric horses has gained widespread recognition as a classic, "textbook" illustration on development .The development of the horse is the most frequently cited instance of orthogenesis, in just about any definition of the word, according to Wallis (1944, p. 157) more than 50 years ago.
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Which statement best describes an example of how society has influenced
science and engineering?
A. The Green Revolution reduced poverty by making food more
affordable.
B. The increased use of fertilizer in agriculture has polluted nearby
waterways.
C. Concerns about global food shortages led to selective breeding of
wheat and rice plants.
D. Farmers who use modern farming equipment have been able to
make more money.
Statement best describes an example of how society has influenced science and engineering is Farmers who use modern farming equipment have been able to make more money.
Explain science and engineering
The study of the natural and physical world is known as science. Engineering is the practice of using knowledge to plan, create, and maintain a process or product that addresses a problem or fills a need.
The utilization of contemporary equipment and technology in agriculture is referred to as modern farming methods. These techniques concentrate on increasing output utilizing HYV seeds, although this irrigation demands contemporary equipment like tractors and threshers. The majority of foreign countries are using current technologies to their advantage in agriculture. Farmers are reaping greater benefits from using this approach and are prepared to increase their produce efficiency.
Modern agriculture's overarching goal is to create an agricultural system that generates excellent harvests, in significant quantities, and with the least amount of pressure possible. As agricultural production increases over the long term, this cycle is clearly seen in the region.
Genetic manipulation, chemical pest control, and monoculture are some examples of modern farming methods.
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Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Concerns about global food shortages led to selective breeding of wheat and rice plants.
Are trying to create better batterie that can tore more energy o that electtric car can travel further on one charge
A new approach to improving battery charging capacity is to switch from graphite-based to silicon-based anodes. Silicon contains a higher energy density.
Using the same type of calculation, it shows that global reserves are enough to produce just under 2.5 billion batteries. The IEA's Net Zero Roadmap by 2050 says the world will need 2 billion battery electric, plug-in hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicles on the road. By reducing braking, sudden acceleration and driving at high speeds, it is possible to obtain a substantial increase in mileage. It is especially true in cold climates. Also, many modern vehicles now come with an "eco" drive mode. Electric vehicles of the future arriving after 2025 could switch to lithium sulfur or sodium ion battery cells that could be up to two-thirds cheaper than current lithium ion cells.
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What is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus?.
Information related to smell is the sole sense that is not sent by the thalamus to the cerebral cortex (olfaction)
Explain function of thalamus.
Your body's information relay system is located in your thalamus. Before being sent to the cerebral cortex of your brain for interpretation, all information from your body's senses (aside from smell) must first be processed through your thalamus. Additionally, the thalamus affects consciousness, learning, memory, wakefulness, and sleep.
Olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium are responsible for detecting smell. Their axons (fila olfactoria) form small bundles of true olfactory nerves that pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone's small foramina and into the cranial cavity.
The fibers enter the cranial cavity and then the olfactory bulb, which is located in the anterior cranial fossa's olfactory groove.
The mitral cells, which are specialized neurones, are found in the olfactory bulb, an ovoid structure. Synaptic glomeruli are clusters that are formed when the olfactory nerve fibers and the mitral cells synapse. Second order nerves exit the glomeruli and proceed posteriorly into the olfactory tract.
On the frontal lobe's inferior surface, the olfactory tract travels posteriorly. The tract separates into medial and lateral stria when it approaches the anterior perforated substance, which is a region at the level of the optic chiasm.
The lateral stria is responsible for transporting axons to the primary olfactory cortex, which is situated in the temporal lobe's uncus.
The olfactory bulb on the other side is met by the axons as they traverse the medial plane of the anterior commissure with the help of the medial stria.
The piriform cortex, the amygdala, the olfactory tubercle, and the secondary olfactory cortex are just a few of the brain regions that receive nerve fibers from the primary olfactory cortex. These regions have a role in olfactory experiences' recall and enjoyment.
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Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and co2 for their carbon source are called _____.
Answer: Photoautotrophs
Explanation: they capture light energy and use the carbon dioxide as their carbon source. Hope this helps
The model shows a cell going through two cellular divisions.
What process is missing from the image that could further increase genetic variation within the four daughter cells?
A Independent assortment should occur for all chromosomes.
B Crossing over should occur between homologous chromosomes.
C DNA replication should occur for all chromosomes.
D Protein synthesis should occur between homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over should occur between homologous chromosomes is the process that is missing from the image.
What is cell division?
A parent cell divides into two daughter cells during the process of cell division. The preservation of the original cell's genome is the major goal of cell division. The chromosomes' genomic data must be duplicated before division can take place, and the duplicated genome must be evenly split among the progeny cells. The maintenance of genetic information consistency across generations involves a significant amount of cellular infrastructure.
Homologous chromosomes will align with one another and form tetrads during prophase I. DNA sequences between the homologous chromosomes may be exchanged during this lining up process. Crossing over is a type of genetic recombination that enables the genetic differentiation of the daughter cells of meiosis.
Only homologous chromosomes can cross over with one another. After meiosis I, cells become haploid and are unable to perform crossing over.
For the purpose of boosting genetic variety, crossing over takes place across homologous chromosomes. One chromosome's fragment gets swapped for another during crossing over. In the end, a hybrid chromosome with a distinctive genetic material pattern is produced. When neighboring gametes cross over, the resulting gametes are genetically capable of being distinct from one another. Cells can participate in evolution and the survival of the fittest since this promotes genetic variety.
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choose all possible causes of genetic variation. a. cross-over b. meiosis ii c. independent assortment d. random fertilization e. all of a, b, c, and d
Fertilization by chance is one of the many potential origins of genetic diversity.
The ideal answer is c.
What three factors contribute to genetic variation?Mutation, recombination, and gene immigration are the three main causes of genetic variation. Genetic diversity and evolution are driven by mutation.
What principally generates genetic variation?One source of genetic variation is mutation, which is the alteration of gene sequences in DNA. Gene flow, or the transfer of genes across distinct groups of organisms, is another source. Last but not least, sexual reproduction can result in new gene combinations that result in genetic variety.
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Why is genetic variation for necessary for evolution by natural selection?
Group of answer choices
Genetic variation results in different traits which can be selected for or against
Genetic variation creates new traits that increase the competition for resources.
Genetic variation makes organisms more susceptible to disease and many would die
Genetic variation produces new species through random changes in DNA
Answer:
Genetic variation is necessary for evolution by natural selection because it (A) results in different traits which can be selected for or against.
Explanation:
Natural selection is a process in which organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, while those with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce. This results in the survival of the fittest and the evolution of new species over time. Without genetic variation, there would be no differences in traits and therefore no way for natural selection to occur.
what, according to the video, makes venezuelan fruit so delicious? the way agricultures take care of the land the isolation of the land tropical weather the good seeds
Venezuelan fruit is particularly delicious due to the manner that agriculture treats the land, its seclusion, tropical climate, and the quality of its seeds.
The way agricultures take care of the land the isolation of the land tropical weather the good seeds The Venezuelan fruit is so delicious due to the way agriculture take care of the land, the isolation of the land from major outside influences, and the tropical weather that provides ideal agriculture growing conditions for good quality seeds.
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Answer:
tropical weather
Explanation:
1) arepa
2) flat bread made out of corn stuffed with cheese, meat, fish or antything you want
3) rice, black beans, shredded meat and plantain
4) passion fruit juice
5) tropical weather
100% on the quiz hope it helps :)
What are the common types of mutations that occur to convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes?.
The common types of mutations which occur to transform proto-oncogenes into oncogenes are: Missense and Amplifications.
The process of conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes is known as activation. A proto-oncogene can get activated through various genetic mechanisms, which includes amplifications, point mutations, insertional mutagenesis, etc. Oncogenes are a product of mutations which tend to increase the activity of proto-oncogenes.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
What are the common types of mutations which occur to transform proto-oncogenes into oncogenes?
Mark all that are correct from the options given below:-
(a) Missense,
(b) Nonsense,
(c) Silent,
(d) Amplifications,
(e) Hypermethylation of promoter sequences.
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Why is atmospheric nitrogen not usable by most living things?
Hello,
I hope you and your family are doing well!
Atmospheric nitrogen is not usable by most living things because it exists in the form of dinitrogen (N2), which is a stable and unreactive molecule. As a result, it cannot be easily broken down or used by living organisms.
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when a species population changes from exponential growth (j-shaped curve) to logistic growth (s-shaped curve) it usually does so where? when the population
A species population changes to exponential growth to logistic growth when it reaches carrying capacity.
The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can support indefinitely given available resources and habitats. Once the population of a species reaches the carrying capacity of its environment, it can no longer continue to grow exponentially, instead logistic growth occurs, slowing the growth rate and eventually reaching a stable equilibrium.
This transition from exponential to logistic growth is often represented on graphs as an S-shaped curve. The vertical axis represents population size and the horizontal axis represents time.
The curve starts steep, representing an initial rapid increase in population, and levels off as population reaches carrying capacity and growth slows.
Note that the carrying capacity of an environment can change over time due to many factors, including: Changes in resource availability, changes in the physical environment, or introduction or removal of other species.
When the population of some species changes from exponential growth (J-shaped curve) to logistic growth (S-shaped curve), it usually occurs when the population reaches carrying capacity.
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organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. in which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?
Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotic creatures without cell walls are found in the Kingdom Animalia.
Multicellular autotrophic eukaryotes belong to which kingdom?All multicellular eukaryotic organisms belong to the kingdom of Plantae. They are autotrophs since their food is produced using solar energy. Plants' cell walls contain cellulose.
Unicellular eukaryotes are those that lack a cell wall?In the majority of prokaryotic cells, the plasma membrane is enclosed by a rigid cell wall that gives the organism its form. Cell walls are present in plants but not in vertebrate eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells contain cell walls that are chemically distinct from eukaryotic plant cells, which are primarily made of cellulose.
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If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine
a) 60%
b) 40%
c) 20%
d) 30%
Because cytosine and guanine are always present in equal numbers, the guanine molecule accounts for 30% of the total.
What is DNA double helix?A double helix is a term used in genomics to describe the physical structure of DNA. A DNA molecule is made up of two linked strands that wind around one another to form a twisted ladder shaped like a helix. Each strand has a sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate backbone that alternates.A double helix is a twisted ladder-like structure formed by two linked strands that wind around each other. Each strand has a sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate backbone that alternates. Each sugar is attached to one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T).DNA and proteins, for example, each have a distinct and ordered structure, such as a right-handed double helix or a single -helix.To learn more about DNA refer to :
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why does the dissolved oxygen concentration begin to dramatically decrease at the bottom of the epipelagic zone? group of answer choices this is where photosynthesis exceeds respiration. there is an increase in nutrients, so less oxygen can be dissolved. this is where respiration exceeds photosynthesis. there is an increase in photosynthesis, attracting more predators.
Dissolved oxygen concentration decreases dramatically at the bottom of the epipelagic zone, where respiration exceeds photosynthesis.
The quantity of free, non-compound oxygen in water or other liquids is called "dissolved oxygen." Due to its impact on the aquatic life present in a body of water, it is a crucial factor in determining the quality of the water. Dissolved oxygen is a crucial element in limnology, the study of lakes, coming in second only to water itself 1. Too much or too little dissolved oxygen in the water can harm aquatic life and alter its quality. Free oxygen (O2), also known as non-compound oxygen, is not bound to another element. These liberated O2 molecules in the water are referred to as dissolved oxygen.
Hence, phytoplankton's perform photosynthesis releases oxygen.
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Reproduction in ferns and mosses includes the alternation of _____
Reproduction in ferns and mosses includes the alternation of generation.
What does fern generation alternation look like?The fern goes through two distinct stages in its life cycle: the sporophyte, which releases spores, and the gametophyte, which releases gametes. Sporophyte plants are diploid, whereas gametophyte plants are haploid. Alternation of generations is the name given to this type of life cycle.
What kind of reproduction are mosses capable of?Exposure to moisture is necessary for moss to reproduce sexually. When the male sperms are fully developed, they swim across to fertilize the egg, resulting in the brown capsule. Mosses can also procreate asexually through a process called fragmentation, in which a new plant emerges from a piece of the parent.
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this part of the middle ear vibrates and stimulates the bones of the ossicles when it perceives sounds waves.
The eardrum part of the middle ear vibrates in response to incoming sound waves, and three small bones in the middle ear receive these vibrations. The names of these bones are malleus, incus, and stapes.
Which component of the ear moves sound with the ossicles when it vibrates?The ossicles were set in motion by the eardrum's vibrations. In reality, the ossicles are the tiniest bones in the human body.
What component of the ear is vibrating and transmitting the vibration to the three small bones?Eardrum vibrations occur. The three little bones in the middle ear known as the ossicles are thus exposed to the vibrations. The ossicles make the sound louder. They direct the sound waves toward the hearing organ's fluid-filled inner ear (cochlea).
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Which of the following statements most accurately describe a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: you did not provide any options so I can’t answer
Explanation:
The current decline of amphibian populations worldwide has been linked to a ________ fungus.
The sickness is brought on by the chytrid fungus. The significant population decreases or extinctions of amphibian species in western North America and South America have been attributed to chytridiomycosis.
In some amphibian populations, the fungus can cause sporadic fatalities whereas in others, it might result in 100% mortality. There is no known cure for the sickness that affects wild populations. People with the condition experience a variety of clinical symptoms. However, none of the potential solutions for eradicating this disease-causing fungus has shown to be workable on a wide scale. A global fall in amphibian populations that has reportedly affected roughly 30% of all amphibian species worldwide has been attributed to the disease.
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which best summarizes the main movement of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid?
Flexion, abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation best describe the main glenohumeral joint movements that occur with deltoid contraction.
The glenohumeral joint is a diarthrodial, multiaxial joint that is structurally a ball-and-socket joint. The glenohumeral articulation is the major articulation of a shoulder girdle, involving the humeral head and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Minor articulations of a sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC), and scapulothoracic joints are also included. The glenohumeral joint is the human body's most mobile joint. Static and dynamic stabilizing structures allow for extreme degrees of motion throughout multiple planes of the body, putting the joint at risk of instability.
The glenohumeral joint is a complex, dynamic articulation between the glenoid of the scapula as well as the proximal humerus. The glenoid cavity (or fossa) of a scapula is specifically contacted by the head of the humerus.
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Changes in the genetic makeup of a population may result in a new ___ ; this is biological ___.
Changes in the genetic makeup of a population may result in a new species this is biological evolution
What is meant by biological evolution ?
[Biological evolution] is the alteration of a group of organisms' characteristics over a period of time; it includes everything from minute adjustments in the ratios of various gene forms in a population to the changes that resulted in the development of the earliest organism into dinosaurs, bees, oak trees, and humans.
Microevolution is the term for a small-scale change that occurs at the genetic level of a population. The belief that all life is interconnected and can be traced back to a single common ancestor is another aspect of biological evolution. We refer to this as macroevolution.
Changing populations and species of organisms are at the heart of biological evolution. Today, we are likely to associate the concept of evolution with a single person
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true or false? when one first begins to exercise, one is working anaerobically because there is an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood at the site of the working muscles.
True. When someone first starts to do exercise, they are working anaerobically because there is an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood at the area/site of the muscles that are working.
The ACSM defines anaerobic exercise as intense physical activity that lasts for a relatively brief period of time, is powered by the energy stores present in the contracting muscles, and is not dependent on the inhalation of oxygen.
Deoxygenated blood from the upper body is transported to the heart by the superior vena cava, whereas deoxygenated blood from the lower body reaches the heart through the inferior vena cava. The right atrium receives blood from both the superior and inferior vena cava.
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which pair of molecules are found in cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) granules and are important for ctl killing of target cells?
Both perforin and granzymes are essential for the effective and efficient killing of cells. They are found in cytotoxic t lymphocyte granules.
The protein perforin, often referred to as cytoplasmic granule toxins, is a pore-forming agent. The cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes include a family of structurally similar serine proteases known as Granzyme (CLs). Target-cell apoptosis is collaboratively induced by perforin and granzyme. Target cells must be properly supplied by perforin in order for granzyme to cause apoptosis to occur.
Granzyme's likelihood of passive diffusion is further reduced by the fact that both perforin and granzyme attach to the target-cell surface as a single macromolecular complex linked with serglycin. Granzymes A and B's roles in triggering target-cell death have undergone significant in vitro research, and their molecular actions are more known than those of perforin.
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