The result of the experiment caused Rutherford to conclude that the atom mostly was made of the empty spaces and had a positively charged nucleus in it.
Rutherford assaulted extremely thin sheets of gold foil with swiftly moving alpha (∝) particles, along with his colleagues Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. Positively charged alpha particles have a mass that is around four times that of a hydrogen atom.
The majority of the alpha-particles, they discovered, were undeflected, and only a small percentage were bounced off the gold foil at extremely enormous angles. Some were even sent back in the direction of the source.
Rutherford thought about these findings and came to the following conclusion: The fact that the majority of alpha particles passed straight through the foil is proof that the atom is primarily made up of empty space. It was determined that there is a concentration of positive charge in the atom based on the small number of alpha particles that were deflected at large angles.
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1. Native copper is a mixture of two isotopes. Copper-63 contributes 69.17% of the atoms of copper and copper-65 the remaining 30.83%. What is the average atomic mass?
Answer: 63.6166 amu (atomic mass units)
Explanation: When an element X is written in the form of X-N, N will the atomic mass of that element. So we have copper with a mass of 63 and 65. We are given percentages of each one. 69.17/100 of the copper atoms will be of weight 63 while 30.83/100 will be of weight 65. Keep in mind that amu does not actually mean weight but I'm just using it as a tool to help explain the general concept. Assume you have 100 copper atoms, and you need to find the average atomic mass for them, if you do this you will solve the problem. Due to the fractions, 69.17 of them will be 63 amu and the rest will be 65. So do 69.17*63+65*30.83 and divide by one hundred. By doing this you will get 63.6166. If my answer doesn't make sense, search up how to calculate weighted averages
Hope this helps
given the balanced chemical equation: ba(no3)2(aq) na2so4(aq) → baso4(s) 2 nano3(aq) a 0.30 l of 0.15 m ba(no3)2(aq) is mixed with excess na2so4(aq) to make 200.0 g of solution in a coffee-cup calorimeter and allowed to react completely. the temperature of the solution rises from 23.5 ºc to 24.9 ºc. answer the question in each step to find ∆hrxn for this reaction. cs,soln
The enthalpy of reaction for the solution of barium sulphate and sodium nitrate in a coffee cup calorimeter is 1170.4 J.
What is reaction enthalpy?The enthalpy associated with a reaction is the heat absorbed or released by the reaction system. In a coffee cup calorimeter, the reaction enthalpy is equal to the heat change in the reaction system.
The reaction enthalpy is calculated as follows:
ΔH (rxn) = cmΔT, where c is specific heat capacity.
c for barium sulphate solution is 4.18 J/(g K) and weight is 200 with a temperature change if 23.5 degree Celsius (296.65 K) to 24.9 (298.05 K).
Apply these values to the equation above.
ΔH (rxn) = (4.18 J/(g K) × 200 g) ×(298.05-296.65)K = 1170.4 J.
Hence, enthalpy of the given reaction is 1170.4 J.
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A rectangular solid measures 1.0 m by 5.6 cm by 2.1 dm. Express its volume in cubic meters, liters, cubic inches, and cubic feet.
Answer: Cubic meters: .01176
Liters: 11.76
Cubic inches: 717.639231
Cubic feet: 0.415300481
Explanation:
Takisha conducted an experiment to determine the effect of salt on the boiling point of water. She measured the boiling points of 100 ml of water with salt added in 5 g increments. As a control, she also recorded the temperature of water with no salt added. What is the purpose of this control?.
A reference value is provided by the control, which can then be compared to the samples in which the value of a variable was altered.
This is further explained below.
What is the purpose of this control?Generally, Control is a management function that aids in mistake detection and the implementation of remedial measures.
This is done to reduce departure from standards and make that the organization's stated objectives are met in the desired way.
In conclusion, The control offers a standard against which samples with varying changes may be measured.
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saturated fats have a potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated and unsaturated fats have a potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated due to their chemical structure.
Dietary fats include saturated fat. Along with trans fat, it is one of the harmful fats. Most of the time, these fats are solid at room temperature. High quantities of saturated fat are found in foods like butter, palm and coconut oils, cheese, and red meat.
Stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid are examples of typical dietary saturated fatty acids.
Each carbon molecule in saturated fat is bonded to hydrogen, or "saturated," as a result of which the molecules are stable when the fat is cooked. As a result, heat won't cause them to oxidize or go rancid. The finest fats to use while cooking at temperatures above 180°C are saturated fats.
Unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature, are regarded as healthy fats because they have a range of positive effects on health, including lower blood cholesterol levels, less inflammation, stable cardiac rhythms, and more.
The more polyunsaturated a fat is, the quicker it will oxidize since unsaturated fats are more prone to oxidation than saturated fats. Due to the more brittle double bonds, which permit more oxygen to react at those sites, this has occurred.
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Planet with force of gravity 2.54 times that of earth?
Jupiter have the force of gravity 2.54 times that of earth
Why is Jupiter so big?The largest planet in the Solar System, Jupiter, is the fifth planet from the Sun. It is a gas giant with a mass that is slightly less than one thousandth that of the Sun but more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System put together. After the Moon and Venus, Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky, and people have been seeing it since ancient times. It was given the name Jupiter after the Roman god and supreme deity.To learn more about : Jupiter
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A metal cube with a volume of 20 cubic centimeters has a mass of 157.48 gram. What is the density of the metal cube?
The density of the metal cube is 7.874 kg/m³
Density is a word we use to describe how much space an object or substance takes up means its volume in relation to the amount of matter in that object or substance means its mass and another way to put it is that density is the amount of mass per unit of volume and if an object is heavy and compact it has a high density
Here given data is metal cube with a volume = 20 cubic centimeters and mass = 157.48 gram so we have to find density of the metal cube = ?
So, density = mass/volume means ρ = m/V
Density = 157.48 gram/20 cubic centimeters
Density = 7.874 kg/m³
The density of the metal cube is 7.874 kg/m³
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an aqueous solution containing 9.02 g of lead(ii) nitrate is added to an aqueous solution containing 5.51 g of potassium chloride. enter the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. be sure to include all physical states.
The balanced chemical reaction for this process looks like this:
[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2} (aq) + 2 KCl (aq)[/tex] → [tex]PbCl_{2} (s) + 2KNO_{3} (aq)[/tex]
The reaction includes forming a precipitate.
The exact grams of the salts are unnecessary, because the chemical reaction will happen no matter the ratio, and the precipitate formed will not dissolve in excess of either reagent.
Both lead(II) nitrate and potassium chloride are salts that are very soluble in water. However, halogenides of lead (chloride, bromide, iodide) are insoluble in water (solubility decreases from chloride to iodide) and so, upon mixing of the two solution, a precipitate of lead(II) chloride will form. Potassium nitrate remains soluble, as most of potassium salts are very soluble in water.
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For each hydrogen ion concentration listed, calculate the solution as the concentration of hydroxide ion in the solution. Indicate whether each solution is acidic or basic.
(a) [H+] = 4.79*10^-8 M
? M
acidic
basic
neutral
(b) [H+] = 8.90*10^-3 M
?M
acidic
basic
neutral
(c) [H+] = 6.97*10^-5 M
?M
acidic
basic
neutral
(d) [H+] = 1.28*10^-12 M
? M
acidic
basic
neutral
Answer:
basic neural acid neural acid basic
When mass is "destroyed", what is released?
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
What is mass?Mass is described as the quantity of matter in a physical body. It can also be a measure of the body's inertia, the resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied.
The law of conservation of mass helps us to understand that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged in space, or the entities associated with it may be changed in form.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products for a low energy thermodynamic process.
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If 5.0g of KCIO3 is decomposed, what volume of O₂ is produced at STP?
2KCIO3 →2KCl +302
The volume of O₂ produced at STP after 5.0g of KCIO3 is decomposed is 1.317L.
What is STP?For experimental measurements to be established under standard conditions that allow for comparisons between various sets of data, standard temperature and pressure must be met. The nominal atmospheric conditions at sea level are referred to as "standard temperature and pressure" (STP). The temperature and pressure are both zero degrees Celsius (atm). STP, or Standard Temperature and Pressure, refers. 2. The STP value of gas temperature, according to IUPAC, is 15 K. 2. According to IUPAC, gas is at 15 K in the STP. VSTP is equal to V* (273.15/T)* (P/760) Kelvins, Torrs, and Liters are used in the STP formula. The number of gas molecules at a standard temperature and pressure, or STP, has been calculated using this law. STP is measured in Kelvin and atmospheres.
39.01 g [tex]mol^{-1}[/tex] + 35.45 g[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex] + 3.1600 g[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex]
= 122.46 g[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex]
To get the material's molecular weight, divide the overall mass of the substance by its relative mass.
5g/ 122.46g[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex] = 0.041mol
There are two moles of KLC[tex]CO_{3}[/tex] for every 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] , that can be seen from the equation. Using the ratio 2:3 and inserting 0.048 mol we find that there must be 0.0612 mol [tex]O_{2}[/tex].
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), a mole of an ideal gas takes up 22.4 liters.
Hence
22.4 l[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex] × 0.0612 mol
= 1.317 L
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What is the difference between plants and animals in relation to energy
Answer:
need They need water, nutrients and sun
Both need to capture certain substances from the environment, with the only difference being the method they use. Thus, while animals ingest them with food, plants absorb them from the soil. This is the case of water and nutrients.
In what state is carbon dioxide at 10 °C?
Answer:
Solid
Explanation:
Solid state because carbon dioxide can go sublimation so generally at relatively lower temperature it is found in solid form but at room temperature,ie, 25 to 30°C it is found in gaseous state.
Five observable properties for separating mixtures are ______________, _______________, ______________, _____________, ______________.
Five observable properties for separating mixtures are particle size, colour, texture, shape, magnetic attraction.
Mixtures are compounds that are made up of two or more chemical compounds which are not linked to each other chemically. They can be easily separated.
The mixtures can be separated by properties like particle size, colour, density, shape, magnetic attraction.
Sieving can be used to separate compounds based on particle size. Chromatography can be used to separate compounds based on colour as each colour would have differences in properties. Flotation can be used to separate compounds based on density like oil in water. Centrifugation can be used to separate compounds based on shape. Magnetic separation can be used to separate metals from non-metal compounds in a mixture.
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What is velocity I need help
Answer: the speed of something in a given direction
Explanation:
yuuuuuuh
Answer:
Velocity defines the direction of the movement of the body or the object.
Explanation:
velocity is the speed of motion, action, or operation
timate the enthalpy of vaporization of water at 100°c from its value at 25°c ( 44.01 kj mol−1 ) given the constant-pressure heat capacities of 75.29 j k−1 mol−1 and 33.58 j k−1 mol−1 for liquid and gas, respectively.
vaporization's enthalpy is 40.88 kJ/mol.
What exactly is vaporization enthalpy?The amount of energy (enthalpy) required to turn a portion of a liquid into a gas is known as the enthalpy of vaporization (symbol Hvap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation.
Enthalpy of vaporization ∆Hvap
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298 K
T2 = 100 + 273 = 373 K
Cp(1) = 0.07529 kJ/K.mol
Cp(2) = 0.03358 kJ/K.mol
So dHvap at 100 oC would be,
dHvap = dHvap at 25 oC + (Cp(2) - Cp(1)(T2-T1)
= 44.01 + (0.03358 - 0.07529)(373-298)
= 40.88 kJ/mol
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The pH is given for three solutions. Calculate [H+] and [OH -] in each solution.
(a) pH = 2.17
[H+]
?M
[OH-]
?M
(b) pH = 12.27
[H+]
?M
[OH-]
?M
(c) pH = 5.96
[H+]
?M
[OH-]
?M
The value of concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of three solutions whose pH is given are ,
( a ) The [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 0.11 M and 7.28 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M.
( b ) The [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 4.69 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M and 0.177 M .
( c ) The [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 0.002 M and 3.28 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M .
( a )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
Given pH = 2.17
then pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 2.17
[ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 0.11 M
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 2.17 = 11.83
pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 11.83
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 7.28 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M
Therefore , the [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 0.11 M and 7.28 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M.
( b )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
Given pH = 5.96
then pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 12.27
[ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 4.69 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 12.27= 1.73
pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 1.73
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 0.177 M
Therefore , the [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 4.69 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] M and 0.177 M .
( c )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
Given pH = 5.96
then pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 5.96
[ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 0.002 M
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 5.96 = 8.04
pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 8.04
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 3.28 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M
Therefore , the [tex]H^{+}[/tex] and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] of solution is 0.002 M and 3.28 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M .
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If an astronaut moved away from Earth in the direction of the
Moon, how would the gravitational force between Earth and the
astronaut change? How would the gravitational force between the Moon
and the astronaut change?
Gravitational force between the moon and the astronaut change are decrease
The force of attraction between any two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
We can visualize the effect mathematically via the equation for newton's law of gravitation
Fgrav = Gm₁m₂/r₂
Fgrav is the magnitude of the gravitational force, in N between two objects G is the gravitational constant means equal to 6.674×10⁻¹¹ N×m²/kg²m₁ and m ₂ are the masses, in kg of the two objects r is the distance in m between the two objectsFrom this relationship, we can see that force Fgrav and square of the distance rare inversely proportional as one increases the other decreases
Therefore, as the distance between the astronaut and earth increases, the magnitude of the gravitational force will decrease
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Obtain the pH corresponding to the following hydronium-ion concentrations.
(a) 5.9 *10^-8 M
(b) 3.5 *10^-12 M
(c) 7.0*10^-3 M
(d) 6.66 *10^-9 M
( a ) The pH of 5.9 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 7.22 .
( b ) The pH of 3.5 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 11.45
( c ) The pH of 7.0 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 2.14 .
( d ) The pH of 6.66× [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 8.17
( a )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 5.9 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M ]
pH = 7.22
Therefore , the pH of 5.9 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 7.22 .
( b )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 3.5 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] M ]
pH = 11.45
Therefore , the pH of 3.5 × [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 11.45 .
( c )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 7.0 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M ]
pH = 2.14
Therefore , the pH of 7.0 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 2.14 .
( d )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 6.66× [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] M ]
pH = 8.17
Therefore , the pH of 6.66× [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] M hydronium-ion concentrations is 8.17
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i do not know much about that
Which of these is an example of a physical change?
Responses
baking bread
baking bread
digesting bread
digesting bread
toasting bread
toasting bread
breaking bread
Answer:
Breaking the bread
Explanation:
Because you're just breaking the bread into pieces.
Example: The products of a chemical reaction are Sodium Hydroxide and Acetone.
Without knowing the reactants, how do you know that this is not a synthesis reaction?
The products of the chemical reaction are sodium hydroxide and acetone. This is because acetone undergoes aldol condensation. Synthetic reactions occur when two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
Sodium hydroxide is completely ionic and contains sodium and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong base and reacts with acids to form the corresponding salts with water. The chemical formula for acetone is CH32CO. Also known as propanone or dimethyl ketone, it is the smallest and simplest ketone. It forms an iodoform when it reacts with iodine in the presence of NaOH. Thus it can be seen that iodoform is formed in the presence of NaOH.
Hydrochloric acid and caustic soda interact to form salts and release heat. As you can see table salt and water are the results of the interaction of two highly aggressive compounds. These compounds are ultimately harmless and even beneficial to humans. The reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone undergoes cross-aldol condensation in the presence of di-I. Sodium hydroxide. In this reaction, benzaldehyde has no alpha hydrogen.
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A saline solution contains 0.90g of sodium chloride dissolved in 250 cm3 water
(a)what is the amount in moles of sodium chloride dissolved?
(b) the concentration of the saline solution in mol/dm3?
Explanation:
A. mole=mass/molar mass
Molar mass of NaCl=23+35.5g
NaCl=58.5g
from
mole=0.90/58.5mol
mole=0.90g/58.5mol
mole=0.15
B. concentration=number of moles of solute/volume of solution
concentration=0.15mol/250cm^3
1dm^3=1000cm^3
250=0.25
concentration=0.6mol/dm^3
ow many moles of the precipitate, agcl (s), will form if 9.11 g of cacl2 is used to react with excess amounts of agno3? the molar mass of cacl2 is 110.98 g/mol. report the answer to the second decimal place. the balanced chemical reaction is : 2agno3 (aq) cacl2 (aq) ⟶2 agcl (s) ca(no3)2 (aq)
By using the no. of moles, the mass of AgCl formed is determined to be 23.50g.
The mass of a material that includes the substance's particles is referred to as a mole.
The number of moles of a material equals to the ratio of its given mass to the mass of one mole of that substance in a chemical reaction. A mole / the no. of moles of any substance is equal to Avogadro's number, which is 6.023 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]. Additionally, no. of moles is employed to represent concentration measurements like mole per liter and molecular weight.
[tex]2AgNO_3 (aq) + CaCl_2 (aq) \rightarrow 2AgCl (s) + Ca(NO_3)_2 (aq)[/tex]
Since [tex]AgNO_3[/tex] is in excess, the amount of product formed will be decided by the quantity of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex], which is the limiting reagent.
1 mole of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] produces 2 moles of AgCl
No. of moles of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] = mass of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] / molar mass of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex]
No. of moles of [tex]CaCl_2[/tex] = 9.11 / 110.98 = 0.0820 moles
No. of moles of AgCl formed = 2 x 0.0820 = 0.164 moles
Mass of AgCl formed = No. of moles x molar mass
Mass of AgCl formed = 0.164 x 143.3 = 23.5012g
Result:
23.50g of AgCl is formed.
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Give an example of gravitation potential energy. Why do larger objects have greater gravitational potential energy than smaller objects?
The equation for gravitational potential energy is GPE = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 on Earth), and h is the height above the ground in meters.
So there for larger objects have greater cause an object with greater mass will have more gravitational potential energy than an object with less mass, when the objects are at the same height.
the alkoxide group on chymotrypsin that attacks the carbonyl oxygen of the peptide bond of the substrate arises from which active-site amino acid side chain?
The alkoxide group responsible for the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group (more precisely the carbon atom) during peptide bond cleavage in chymotrypsin belongs to the serine 195 side-chain.
Because only serine and threonine of all the amino acids contain hydroxy-groups, only they qualify as possible answers. When we look at the structure of the chymotrypsin, we can see that there is a serine 195, so it must be it. Indeed, during peptide bond cleavage, histidine 57 side-chain deprotonates the serine 195 side chain, turning into a nucleophilic hydroxy-group, which can then attack the carbonyl group, held in place by the glycine 193's residue.
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pure benzene freezes at 5.53°c and boils at 80.10 oc. a solution of a certain solute in benzene freezes at 1.00 oc. what is the boiling point of this solution? for benzene, kf
Based on the cryoscopic constant and the ebullioscopic constant of benzene, we can calculate that the boiling point of this solution will be 82.33 °C.
For this calculation, we require both the cryoscopic constant (Cf = 5.12 °Ckg/mol) and the ebullioscopic constant (Cb = 2.52 °Ckg/mol) for benzene. These describe the shifts in benzene's freezing and boiling points based on the molality of the solution (with benzene as the solvent).
Because we know that the change in benzene's freezing point is 5.53 °C - 1.00 °C = 4.53 °C, we can now calculate the molality of the solution and use it to calculate the boiling point of the same solution.
Δt(freezing) = m * Cf ⇒ m = Δt / Cf = 4.53 °C / 5.12 °Ckg/mol = 0.885 mol/kg
Δt(boiling) = m * Cb = 0.885 mol/kg * 2.52 °Ckg/mol = 2.23 °C
t (boiling) = 80.10 °C + 2.23 °C = 82.33 °C
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Instant cold packs contain water and chemical called ammonium nitrate. When combined, the ammonium nitrate and water react to create a cold feeling. Is thermal energy absorbed or released during this chemical reaction? Explain
Answer:
Explanation: its cold, so energy is being released to try to reach equal temp with the outside area of the cold pack
how do you balance a element year9 chemistry ?
Answer:
Balancing a chemical equation involves a certain amount of trial and error. In general, however, you should follow these steps:
Count each type of atom in reactants and products. Does the same number of each atom appear on both sides of the arrow? If not, the equation is not balanced, and you need to go to step 2.
Place coefficients, as needed, in front of the symbols or formulas to increase the number of atoms or molecules of the substances. Use the smallest coefficients possible. Warning! Never change the subscripts in chemical formulas. Changing subscripts changes the substances involved in the reaction. Change only the coefficients.
Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the equation is balanced.
Explanation:
ryan is a chemistry student that enjoys hot tea. he wants to determine how much ice is needed to cool 250.0 ml of tea to an optimal drinking temperature of 57.8 c. macmillan learning the method ryan uses to prepare his tea results in an initial temperature of 79.1 c. the average mass of an ice cube from the ice tray ryan uses is 18.8 g and has a starting temperature of - 8.33 deg * c assume that the heat capacity of tea is the same as pure water, and assume no heat is lost to the surroundings what mass of ice is needed to reach the optimal temperature of 57.8^ c^ prime ?
Ryan calculates that he requires 4 ice cubes for 250mL of hot tea to reach the optimal drinking temperature by using the specific heat capacity of tea.
A substance's potential to hold heat is indicated by its specific heat capacity. This substance size reflects the amount of heat required to raise a certain volume of a material's temperature by one Kelvin. Specific heat capacity is a distinguishing feature of every substance and is useful for material identification.
Given:
Final temperature of system is 57.8℃
dT1 = 79.1 - 57.8 = 21.3℃
dT2 = 0 - (-8.33) = 8.33℃
dT3 = 57.8 - 0 = 57.8℃
Mass of tea, m1 = 250.0mL = 250.0g = 0.250kg
Specific heat capacity of tea, C1 = 4186 J/kg℃ = Specific heat capacity of water
Specific heat capacity of ice, Ci = 2090 J/kg℃
Mass of each ice cubes, m of i = 18.8g
Latent heat of fusion of ice, Lf = 334 kJ/kg
To find:
No. of ice cubes required = ?
Calculations:
Suppose equilibrium temperature is T, then
Heat released by Tea = Heat gained by Ice
Q1 = Q2
m1x C1x dT1 = mi x Ci x dT2 + mi x Lf + mi x Cw x dT3
0.250x 4186 x 21.3 = mi x (2090 x 8.33 + 3.34 x [tex]10^4[/tex] + 4186 x 57.8)
mi = 0.250 x 4186 x 21.3 / (2090 x 8.33 + 3.34 x [tex]10^4[/tex] + 4186 x 57.8)
mi = 0.0761kg = 76.1g
Mass of ice required = 76.1g
Number of ice cube required will be:
n = Total mass of ice/mass of each ice cube
n = 76.1/18.8
n = 4.04 ice cubes = 4.0 ice cubes
Result:
Ryan requires 4 ice cubes to bring 250mL of hot tea to the optimal drinking temperature.
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What is the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 5.4 x 10^-5 cm?
Velocity = Frequency x Lambda
Assuming that this is referring to an electromagnetic wave. The velocity of light is 2.998 x 10^8 m/s.
Convert the wavelength from cm to m. So divide it by 100 and you get 5.4x10^-7 meters.
2.998 x 10^8 = 5.4 x 10^-7 (λ)
Solve for λ and you get 5.55 x 10^14 Hz
The frequency of the wave is equal to 5.55 ×10¹⁴ s⁻¹.
What are frequency and wavelength?Frequency can be defined as the number of oscillations of a wave in one second. The frequency of the wave has S.I. units which are per second or hertz.
Wavelength can be described as the distance between the two most adjacent points in phase with each other. Two adjacent crests or troughs on a wave are separated by a distance of a single wavelength.
The relationship between frequency, speed of light, and wavelength is:
c = νλ
Given, the wavelength of the wave, λ = 5.4 ×10⁻⁵ cm
Then the speed of the wave is speed of light, c = 3 ×10¹⁰ m/sc
The frequency of the waves can be calculated from the above mentioned relationship:
The frequency of the given wave will be equal to:
ν = c/λ = 3× 10¹⁰/5.4 ×10⁻⁵ = 5.55 ×10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Therefore, the frequency of the wave is equal to 5.55 ×10¹⁴ s⁻¹.
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