in a(n) _____ election, the workers may vote out an existing union.

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Answer 1

In a decertification election, the workers may vote out an existing union.

The procedure by which a group of employees formally revokes a union's authority to represent them is known as decertification. It is a process by which workers in a cooperative can cut ties with a particular union. The certification procedure, on the other hand, formally establishes the collective bargaining relationship.

You may "decertify" or vote out your union in certain situations, or you may choose to join another union in its place. A petition or card drive with at least 30% of your employees' signatures must ask the NLRB to hold an election. The union will be decertified if the majority of votes cast in the election are not in favour of union representation.

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How to use explicit and systematic instruction to scaffold students’ phonemic awareness.

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They require methodical education that leads them through every phonetic and decoding skills in a sequential, logical manner.

What does structured instruction using scaffolds entail?

A teacher can improve learning and help students master tasks by adding supports for them through a technique called instructional scaffolding. The teacher accomplishes this by methodically constructing on the experiences and knowledge of the pupils as they pick up new abilities.

What does instructional scaffolding look like in practice?

When new material can be related to something already known, students are more likely to understand and remember it. For instance, high school history teachers ask pupils to relate present events to past events by using previous knowledge as instructional scaffolding.

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teresa is speaking to a group of freshmen about the various opportunities offered on campus. she specifically lists different music ensembles, sports teams, and service organizations in which students can get involved. which type of support did teresa use?

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Answer:She specifically lists different music ensembles, sports teams, and service organizations in which students can get involved

Explanation

A taxpayer may deduct interest expense paid on qualified _____ loans where the proceeds were used for tuition, fees, books, and other necessary expenses. The interest is deductible _____ (for/from) AGI.

Answers

A taxpayer may deduct interest expense paid on qualified educational loans where the proceeds were used for tuition, fees, books, and other necessary expenses. The interest is deductible for AGI.

A student loan is a type of loan that is intended to assist students in paying for post-secondary education and associated fees such as tuition, books and supplies, and living expenses.

An education loan, also known as a student loan, is a type of financial aid that students can use to cover the costs of their studies. The student loan covers school fees, post-secondary education, and other costs associated with higher education. Choosing an education loan relieves strain on existing savings and eliminates the need to liquidate existing investments. Section 80 E of the Income Tax Act of 1961 allows for a tax rebate on education loan interest.

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four-month-old amelia participated in a study in which she saw a video of an adult looking at a yellow rubber duck but not looking at a green plastic frog. when amelia is shown a video of just those two toys, what is her most likely response?

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She'll probably continue to study the yellow rubber duck for a while.

What do behavioral reactions entail?

The underlying complicated physiological changes that result from stress are what cause behavioral reactions to stress. Animals experience stress when there is a real or perceived threat in their environment, which disturbs their internal balance.

What are the four behavioral types?

90% of people fall into one of four main personality types: optimistic, pessimistic, trusting, or envious, according to a study on human behavior. But of the four, Envious is the most prevalent, accounting for 30% of cases as opposed to 20% for each of the other three groups.

What are some instances of behavioral reactions?

For instance, finding a stack of dirty dishes in your kitchen upon entering (input) could cause a behavioral response to clean (schema). Instead of concentrating on what you cannot control, concentrate on what you can (your behavioral responses).

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dave works at a sporting goods store. dave tells joe that the bass master 3000 is the best lure he has used in 20 years. joe believes him. if the bass master 3000 does not live up to the hype, can dave's claim be considered misrepresentation?

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No, dave has most likely engaged in puffery so dave's claim cannot be considered misrepresentation.

A misrepresentation is a false or deceptive assertion or a cloth omission that renders different statements deceptive, with a motive to mislead. Misrepresentation is one of the factors of common law fraud, and different causes of movement for fraud, consist of securities fraud.

The announcement must have been 'false'—fraudulent, negligent, and innocent misrepresentations. For a misrepresentation declare to be triumphant, the illustration relied on ought to have been false. This is so whether or not the represented made the untrue assertion innocently, carelessly, or deliberately and fraudulently.

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karen constantly feels drowsy. she tends to suddenly fall asleep when she is excited and finds it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time. karen most likely has . a. substance use disorder b. narcolepsy c. insomnia d. sleep apnea

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Karen constantly feels drowsy. she tends to suddenly fall asleep when she is excited and finds it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time. Karen most likely has b. narcolepsy.

Many instances of narcolepsy are concept to be caused by a loss of a brain chemical called hypocretin (also known as orexin), which regulates sleep. The deficiency is thought to be the end result of the immune gadget mistakenly attacking elements of the mind that produce hypocretin.

Immoderate daytime sleepiness is usually the first signal of narcolepsy. It could have a widespread impact on everyday life. Feeling drowsy all through the day and struggling to live wide awake makes it hard to concentrate at work or the faculty. People with narcolepsy can be misjudged as being lazy or impolite.

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in his work, artist patrick dougherty intentionally references ideas of home, architecture, and dwellings. true or false

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in his work, artist Patrick dougherty intentionally references ideas of home, architecture, and dwellings. true

Patrick Dougherty (born 1945) is an environmental artist from the United States. He is best known for his stick and sapling sculptures and installations.

"Maple Boody Wrap," Dougherty's first piece, was included in the North Carolina Biennial Artists' Exhibition in 1982. Since then, he has created over 300 works out of sticks and saplings. His sculptures are only temporary because the materials disintegrate and degrade over time. Dougherty has received numerous awards and grants over the years, including the Gibbes Museum of Art's 2011 Factor Prize for Southern Art.

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What does your ideal Saturday look like?

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A perfect Saturday morning has sunshine and coffee on the deck with a newspaper or other news feed.

A newspaper that is usually printed and distributed daily or weekly and contains news, opinion pieces, feature stories, and advertisements. : an organization that publishes a newspaper.

News articles are written to inform and educate readers about current affairs and events. They are used to provide readers with the information they want/want to know about the world around them. Newspaper types include weekly and daily newspapers, depending on their frequency. Daily newspapers are published daily, while weekly newspapers are published weekly. These daily and weekly newspapers can be further classified as: Daily: Issued daily.

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identify the american anthropological association’s stance on same-sex marriage and families of same-sex partners.

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Same-sex marriages and children of these partnerships should be allowed.

The American Anthropological Association is an organization of anthropology scholars and practitioners. The American Anthropological Association, founded in 1902, is the world's largest scholarly and professional anthropological organization. The Association is committed to furthering human understanding and applying that understanding to the world's most pressing issues.

The committee concludes that racial inequalities are caused by social and ideological factors rather than biology. The AAA Executive Committee. AAA Race Statement Anthropologist in America May, 1998. Holism, relativism, comparison, and fieldwork are key anthropological perspectives. Within the discipline, there are also scientific and humanistic tendencies that occasionally clash.

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in 2001, the council of europe drafted the european council cybercrime convention, which empowers an international task force to oversee a range of security functions associated with _____ activities.

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in 2001, the council of Europe drafted the European council cybercrime convention, which empowers an international task force to oversee a range of security functions associated with internet activities.

The agreement, which deals specifically with copyright infringement, computer-related fraud, child por.nography, and breaches of network security, is the first international pact on crimes perpetrated via the Internet and other computer networks.

It also includes a number of procedures and capabilities, including the ability to examine computer networks and lawfully intercept communications. The council cybercrime convention's primary goal, outlined in the preamble, is to promote a single criminal policy aimed at safeguarding society from cybercrime, particularly through passing pertinent legislation and encouraging.

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Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged?.

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Karl Marx, a philosopher and social scientist, believed that political strife was the only way to advance advancement for the disadvantaged.

What is underprivileged called?

Being a member of the lower and poorest privileged social class. Poor includes getting little money or belongings. having fewer benefits, privileges, or opportunities than the majority of people in a society; being less wealthy, less educated, etc.; being underprivileged. not having the same rights or a level of living as most people in the society. Most poor kids came from homes with just one parent. These parents' lack of formal education also limits their options for employment. They are also more likely to experience domestic abuse at the hands of their partners. Their children may suffer severe trauma as a result.

What are the key factors of underprivileged ?

Low-quality and unstable housing is a major contributor to poor communities' lack of access to essential services like communications, public transportation, and infrastructure including roads, water, sanitation, and drainage. denying some of the basic rights that all persons in a civilized society are entitled to due to their social or economic circumstances, or referring to those who are less fortunate. cities' impoverished areas.

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Do you think it is important for your community to celebrate veterans day? why or why not?.

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Answer: Yes, I think its important.

Explanation: I think its important to celebrate Veterans Day because, It reminds everyone of how thankful we should be to the people that fought for each and everyone of us.

How does john brown’s account compare to those offered by salmon brown and frederick douglass?.

Answers

According to Frederick Douglass, John Brown had intended to set free the government-held slaves. John believed that the strategies he planned to use to do this would be lethal. According to Salmon, his father wanted to stir up a commotion rather than an uprising.

Although they employed quite different strategies, both men battled for its elimination. Frederick  Douglass was a politician, orator, and author who specialised in influencing public policy. Brown was seen as a radical who frequently endorsed violence. He has led several uprisings with a little army and assisted countless individuals in escaping slavery.

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What are some specific ways that you think being able to use quantitative information effectively will contribute to your personal and professional lives?.

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Greater knowledge and comprehension of the social world are the goals of quantitative research. To examine conditions or events that have an impact on individuals, researchers utilise quantitative methodologies. Quantitative information generates unbiased data that can be explained in detail using statistics and figures.

The benefit of quantitative approaches is that they can, through surveys, investigations, records, or censuses, reveal crucial information about a culture or community that no one could learn from personal observation.

Students may learn how the world functions and how to make wiser judgments by engaging in quantitative information . They can use it to evaluate the efficacy of therapies. In general, quantitative research is a potent instrument that may be utilised to address issues regarding the environment we live in.

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socrates' insistence that his students think for themselves was interpreted by athenian authorities as

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Socrates' insistence that his students think for themselves was interpreted by Athenian authorities as teaching young people to question their elders.

Should children blindly follow their elders' orders?

Generalizing that children should always respect and obey their elders is fine and excellent. Respect and obedience, however, don't always go hand in hand in real life. If not, it would be mindless obedience. One of the most significant traditional values in Asian culture is respect for elders.

How can you instill in kids a regard for their elders?

1 Begin early; teach courtesy terms to young children. 2 Set a good example by showing respect for your own parents and grandparents. 3 Encourage children to show respect for the elders. 4 Be the type of educator or parent that kids will want to respect and love.

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Plss u need help true or false

Answers

Here this tells u all of them

Of all psychological disorders, the MOST treatable include:

a. depressive and bipolar disorders.
b. somatoform disorders.
c. anxiety disorders.
d. obsessive compulsive disorders.

Answers

You have to consider whether people who have these conditions are likely to experience anxiety or any other form of fear. The answer is obsessive compulsive disorders.

Fear and anxiety are at the heart of panic disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders. Anxiety is another symptom of bi-polar disorder, which is characterised by periods of great happiness interspersed by depressive and anxious episodes .There is no known cause for the mood disorders, which include bipolar disorders, dyspeptic disorders, and depression. These disorders are caused by general medical conditions. Major depressive disorders are categorised as mood disorders and entail extremely depressing periods.The correct term for somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is somatization disorder or somatoform disorder. It is a type of mental disorder where one or more symptoms, such pain, develop as a result.Somatization disorder, conversion disorder, and hypochondriasis are all included.

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harper got up late and stubbed her toe on the dresser rushing to get ready for work. when she made her toast, she found that there was no jam in the fridge. then, as she was grabbing her purse, the strap broke. richard lazarus would call these incidents:

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Harper got up late and stubbed her toe on the dresser rushing to get ready for work. when she made her toast, she found that there was no jam in the fridge. then, as she was grabbing her purse, the strap broke. Richard Lazarus would call these incidents as daily hassles.

Lazarus used the term "daily hassles" to characterize life's everyday pressures in the 1970s. He later came to the conclusion that these stresses were a stronger indicator of stress reactions and health issues than significant life events. According to Lazarus, such concerns as weight, a loved one's sickness, conflict with a coworker, traffic congestion, or even the never-ending house work, can impact a person's blood pressure or result in other physical symptoms like chest discomfort or asthma attacks.

Stressful incidents during a person's journey, such missing a train or being late for work, are caused by these daily hassles. They also take into consideration the stress brought on by minor conflicts with family members and friends, such arguing with a spouse or coworker.

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Which president began what is now called national native american heritage month?.

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President George H. W. Bush began what is now called national Native American heritage month.

In recognition of the contributions of Native Americans to the United States, November has been designated as Native American Heritage Month. This month provides an opportunity to learn about the rich history and culture of Native Americans, as well as to celebrate the many ways they have shaped our country.

From early explorers to the present day, Native Americans have played a vital role in the development of the United States. They have fought for our country in times of war, and their art, music, and literature have helped to shape our nation's identity.

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which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world? group of answer choices margaret, who lives in south kora. james, who lives in england. aaron, who lives in south africa. marta, who lives in brazil.

Answers

According to question,  individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world was James, who lives in England .

Option D is correct .

Collaborative behavior, communalism, positive interdependence, and adherence to social roles and norms are valued in collectivist cultures. It is especially likely that a collectivist culture will place a strong emphasis on the value of respect, social harmony, and group needs over individual needs.

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, our personalities evolve in stages, and at each stage, a psychosocial crisis plays out, with the outcome determining how our personalities develop going forward. A family is a typical illustration of a collectivist group. Families frequently cooperate with one another in order to thrive. Parents don't just take care of themselves; they take care of the whole family.

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The correct question is :

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist world?

A. Marta, who lives in Brazil

B. Aaron, who lives in South Africa

C. Margaret, who lives in South Korea

D. James, who lives in England

What role does parris play in the community? use details from the text to explain how this might influence the future action of the story.

Answers

In the Crucible, Parris played the role of the minister in the community of Salem. From the text, the evidence that shows this is "I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it" which might influence the community's opinion as he used his powers for the wrong purposes.

The Crucible was a 1953 play written by American playwright Arthur Miller. The story is situated around the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In the narrative, Samuel Parris who was a minister played a role in the courts of Salem. He assisted in testifying and bearing witness in several cases. He encouraged the hunt for witches in town. Some paid attention to him due to his elevated position in society while others feared him in that he may bear witness against them.

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The extent to which goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as goal ___________.

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The extent to which the goals are considered to be challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as goal commitment.

Goal commitment is regarded as the determination and grit in order to achieve the desired goal. So, it is important to stay in the race in order to achieve the goal and to work efficiently. Thus, when we decide a goal for us, then we tend to expect a lot of hard work, time and effort to get a certain outcome, as the goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort.

However, the goal commitment tend to help you to stick to your goals during the good times and the bad times, when barriers get in the way. So, with regard to this there are two factors which contribute to commitment - importance and ability.

Hence, having a goal commitment is very important.

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why is the confidence gap a problem her voice will be heard

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The fundamental issue with the confidence gap is that women often don't promote themselves or their achievements, which results in them being passed over for important projects, leadership positions, and salary hikes.

Why is confidence gap such a big problem?

There is only one issue: A substantial amount of data indicates that women are equally as confident in their ability as leaders as their male counterparts. The confidence gap appears to be a classic instance of confusing the cause for the symptom—alleged women's incapacity to sell themselves.

Researchers discovered that men and women did not receive the same benefits from the appearance of self-confidence after analyzing data from an undisclosed global technology business. The researchers came to the conclusion that "the more confident male engineers in our sample looked to be, the more power they had in the company." Women could only successfully influence others provided they also shown a strong prosocial orientation, or the desire to help others.

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According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________.

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According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to keep things as they are.

Justice theory focuses on determining whether the distribution of resources is fair to both relationship partners. Equity is measured by comparing each person's contribution to profit ratio.

Fairness theory is a motivational theory that suggests that an employee's motivation in the workplace is largely determined by their sense of fairness. Employees create a mental ledger of their work inputs and results, and use that ledger to compare their input-output ratios to other employees.

According to Adam's Equity Theory of Motives, employees who perceive an unequal situation between themselves and their colleagues become demotivated and stressed. For example, if an employee knows that a colleague doing the same job is paid more than they are, this can lead to dissatisfaction.

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A practical way to avoid being involved in a work zone crash is by:_____.a. Reducing your speedb. Maintaining a safe distance between your vehicle and the one ahead of youc. Avoid any form of distractionsd. Ensure your turn signal is used when changing lanese. Follow instructions given by the workers in the work zonef. Be a responsible driverg. Donât drive angry

Answers

A practical way to avoid being involved in a work zone crash is by  Maintaining a safe distance between your vehicle and the one ahead of you.

What is mean by work zone crash?Work zone crashes are those that occur within the confines of a work zone, on the approach to or exit from a work zone, or as a result of actions, attitudes, or regulations affecting the flow of traffic within the work zone's boundaries. 479 of the 857 fatalities were in work zones.The most frequent kind of crash in a work zone is a rear-end collision (running into the back of a vehicle that is slowing down or stopped). The summer and fall are the most common seasons for fatal work zone collisions. Most deadly work zone collisions were on highways with speed restrictions higher than 50 mph.

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julio, a native spanish speaker, is currently learning german in college. when he visits his spanish-speaking family, he frequently inserts german words into his spanish. this is an example of: group of answer choices proactive interference. blocking. retroactive interference. transfer-appropriate processing.

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Julio, a native Spanish speaker, is currently learning German in college. when he visits his Spanish-speaking family, he frequently inserts German words into his Spanish. this is an example of retroactive interference.

Instances where fresh learning obstructs prior knowledge are referred to as retroactive interference. A failure to restore the context of initial learning, interference, or deterioration are all possible causes of forgetting.

When new information is influenced backward, It might be challenging to remember an individual's previous phone number when they change it for a new one. Retroactive interference may be seen in the rivalry between the new and old phone numbers.

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What aspects of hispanic culture is a young person likely to come across in everyday life.

Answers

Aspects of Hispanic culture is a young person likely to come across in everyday life are gastronomy, music and entertainment.

What's the culture of young person?

The gastronomy of Spanish-speaking countries is fairly widespread in both North America and Europe, as well as in the rest of the world, with an emphasis on Mexican cuisine in general and typical dishes from other countries. It's not uncommon to see them eating. Burritos, enchiladas, tacos, quesadillas and other dishes representative of Hispanic culture are served daily. On the other hand, even though Hispanic music has a great influence on young people, American artists are known worldwide for their music, and some Latin American genres, such as reggaeton, have captured the attention of the North American public. I am collecting

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Which amendment of the u. S. Constitution is most often used to ensure federal civil liberties are protected at the state and local level?.

Answers

The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is most often used to ensure federal civil liberties are protected at the state and local level.

The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1868. It is the amendment which is responsible for giving citizenship to all persons who are born in the country or got citizenship through naturalization. It gave citizenship to all the enslaved people.

The 14th Amendment guaranteed all the citizens of the United States that there will be “equal protection of the laws.” It is one of the three amendments which were passed during the Reconstruction Era. It helped to abolish slavery. It helped in establishing the civil and legal rights.

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Identify a cause of elevated levels of emotional or behavioral difficulties among a minority of adopted children in the United States

Answers

The cause of elevated levels of emotional or behavioral difficulties among a minority of adopted children in the United States is maternal substance abuse during pregnancy.

But in the Nineties, the term “minority” typically refers to 4 primary racial and ethnic organizations: African people, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. This change in the united states racial and ethnic profile is most visible in positive states and groups.

A collection of humans from a particular subculture or of a particular race dwelling in a rustic where the main group is of an extraordinary lifestyle or race the principal political parties have little to provide ethnic minorities.

A minority, is a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to an extra-dominant institution. Because the time period is used in the social sciences, this subordinacy is the leader-defining function of a minority institution. As such, minority repute does now not always correlate to the populace.

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Hollywood costume designer alice estes davis died at 93. Which studio did she design for?.

Answers

It's a Small World and Pirates of the Caribbean's animatronic characters' costumes were designed by Alice Davis, a costume designer for the Disney Company, who passed away on Nov. 3 at her Los Angeles home. She was 93.

One evening in Los Angeles, Walt Disney came across the newlyweds at a restaurant and fell in love with her and her work. She was employed by Walt Disney as the costume designer for the 1960 film Toby Tyler. She also helped with the costume design for a number of other Disney television programmes.

American costumer Alice Estes Davis created costumes. Her work with Walt Disney, who hired her to create costumes for movies, television shows, and theme parks, is what made her most renowned. Marc Davis, an animator and Imagineer for Disney, was her husband. In 2004, Alice was recognised as a Disney Legend.

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Other Questions
elect the correct word to fill in each blank. as the sample size increases, the degrees of freedom (i) which moves the t (ii) a z - (i) first blank - (ii) second blank a. decreases b. further from c. closer to d. increases Homer told Bart that if he wanted the new video game, Bonestorm, he would have to score an 85% or higher on his next math quiz. Mrs. K gave the class a pop quiz and Bart scored 22/25. Use your skills converting a fraction to a percent and decimal and calculate whether Bart will get his new video game. What are some of the different ways that you can learn about the context of a text before you begin reading it? 960 times 1.0 times 10^6 Read the sentences.[1] I am interested in history. [2] I decided to read the Declaration of Independence.Which of the following options shows the best revisions of sentences 1 and 2 to create sentence variety without combining the sentences? Solve the equation by Factoring.n-n-56=0A) (6,3)C) (-6,7)B) -7, 8)D) -8,8 Help Algebra 2 Bionomical radical expressions what is the ratio of dominate to recessive phenotypes?1:33:33:03:1 Fill in the blanksThe moon appears to rise in the blank and set in the blank each day because the Earth rotates blank when viewed from the North Pole. Complete the statements below with the process used to achieve steps 1-4. Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Consider the equation below. -2(5x+8)=14+6x The equation was solved using the following steps. russian physiologist developed the principles of classical conditioning by studying the effects of stimuli on dogs. Which freedoms are protected by the First Amendment? (Select all that apply.)freedom from search and seizurefreedom to assemble peacefullyfreedom to vote paying a taxfreedom of speech SOLVE THIS FAST PLS I NEED THIS TODAY ITS EASY BUT I DO NOT UNDERSTAND AS MUCH Read the excerpt below from the Supreme Court ruling in the Scott v. Sandford.[T]he legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show, that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves, nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people.The main subject of the excerpt is -the lack of citizenship for enslaved people.-the practice of importing enslaved people from Africa.-the practice of relocating from a slave state to a free state.-the right of an owner to retain his or her property. What is the number of units to be produced if the firm desires to make a cost per unit and profit of Birr10,000 assuming the fixed cost, variable selling price per unit are Birr50,000, Birr10 and Birr20 respectively what is 1586 2/3 please answer asap I need help In the following excerpt from The Terrible Old Man by H.P. Lovecraft, which type of conflict is most evident? Write an algorithm to find the cube of odd numbers and square of even numbersfrom 1 to n where n is provided by user. Why do you think Chinese leaders used a civil service exam system? How did this system benefit the government? How did it benefit citizens? FeatureRead the passage.EarthshipsWhat is an earthship?An earthship is a home designed to make use of recycled materials and increase energy conservation. Ideally, by living in an earthship, a person can have a home that is off the grid. People who live in earthships do not depend on outside sources for electricity, food, or water. Building an earthship may be an attractive choice for those who want to use fewer of our planets non-renewable resources.The FoundationFirst, the foundation is built by firmly packing dirt inside recycled tires. Then, the tires are placed in a pyramid-like stack going as high as needed. Next, cement is spread and smoothed between the tires to create a solid wall. When this is finished, the walls are sealed with a protective coating and painted. Some interior walls are built using recycled cans and cement, also sealed with a protective coating.Solar EnergySolar panels give enough stored energy in batteries to provide electricity for appliances, lighting, and electronics. However, solar-powered batteries hold about one-third the charge of energy used in a regular household wired for electricity. This means that people either buy more batteries or intend to use less electricity than a conventional household. Ideally, earthships are built in places where there is an abundance of sunshine year-round.Floor-to-ceiling windows on an earthships south wall also allow plenty of sunlight. It is important that no trees block the light on this side of the house. The sunlight shines directly onto a brick floor, which then absorbs the heat. This provides enough warmth to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house for the rest of the day. This method of heating the home is called passive solar. Most earthships also have either a wood stove or a heater that uses propane, a type of natural gas. These heat sources are useful on cloudy days. During the summer, the combination of the cool temperature of the earth beneath the floor plus the thick walls can keep the house comfortable without the use of air-conditioning.Recycled WaterGutters on the roof collect rainwater that then trickles down into large storage barrels. The water is used for taking showers, doing dishes, and flushing the toilet. It is also filtered for drinking. People sometimes build a greenhouse to grow their own food. Water that has been used for dishwashing or showers can be saved if the soaps are chemical-free. This recycled gray water can be used yet again to water the plants in the greenhouse.Potential ProblemsEarthships have been around since the 1970s. Now, long-term studies have revealed some problems. For one, without sufficient sunlight during the winter, large amounts of natural gas known as propane and/or wood are used to heat the home. Propane use can be costly, and unless one has planned far ahead, a wood supply can be quickly depleted.Another problem is that tires used in the foundation walls can, after a long period of time, begin to crack, releasing a toxic gas that has built up over time in the walls. The use of cement, which is a porous material with many small holes and spaces, allows the gases to leak into the air. The type of gas emitted is not detectable by smell but can make people sick. To address this problem, the walls of the home needs to be resealed every year.Cost can also be a significant challenge. Some earthship building companies claim that it is far cheaper to build an earthship because only recycled materials are used. Also, a contractors license or training is not needed to build one. This, though, is true if it is built 100% by the owner, which could take years to complete. Additionally, the cement, plumbing, and electrical components, as well as the cost of installing solar panels, can be expensive. Just as with the construction of a conventional home, proper permits are often needed to build an earthship.There are clear advantages and disadvantages to these unique homes. As technology improves and new solutions are discovered, earthships may continue to be a wise way to live sustainably using minimal resources.QuestionBased on the information in "Earthships," what is the definition of propane?A: a porous materialB: a type of natural gasC: filtered drinking waterD: relatively clean wastewater