In ______, two dna double helices are synthesized from one dna double helix molecule when it unwinds and complementary nucleotides are added to the exposed unpaired bases.

Because the amounts are so little, it is more appropriate to present this as a percentage, as the ratio of weight lost on a limited scale should be roughly the same proportion as mass loss on a bigger size anyhow.

Because you will usually be dealing with large data and numbers, it is more crucial to utilise the % change approach because, as you can see, it provides a more exact representation of how the data has evolved over time.

For analysing statistical data across time, percentage changes are commonly employed, whereas percentage points are commonly used when analysing rate differences.

When comparing different sets of data, calculating the % change is more accurate. Finding the change in mass is only useful for data sets that began with the same mass.

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Abortion is a personal choice of a couple or the women who is going to have the baby.

Marquis contends that abortion is gravely immoral because it involves the killing of a being with a right to life, and the killing of a being with a right to life is gravely immoral because it deprives that being of its future, especially a future of great value like ours.

A surgical procedure called an abortion terminates a pregnancy. It is an essential component of healthcare for the millions of women, girls, and other people who are capable of becoming pregnant. About 1 in 4 pregnancies globally end in abortions each year.

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a rough ribosome is a membraneous organelle covered in ribosomes which is also found in most cells.

Crossing over is important for the normal segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over also accounts for genetic variation, because due to the swapping of genetic material during crossing over, the chromatids held together by the centromere are no longer identical.

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Answer:C

Explanation: I did the quiz

Answer:

option - C The hormones increase the rate of cellular communication.

Answer:

greater than because the mass grows the volume will still stay the same therefore 200 divided by the volume will still be greater in the silver

Answer:  The answers are as follows:

Where does the Calvin cycle occur and does it need light?

Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma (the inner space of chloroplasts).

Where does photosynthesis get its energy to start?

The whole process of photosynthesis is a transfer of energy from the Sun to a plant. In each sugar molecule created, there is a little bit of energy from the Sun, which the plant can either use or store for later.

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (Glucose + Oxygen yields Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy) You may notice that the equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis.

What are the reactants and products of lactic acid fermentation? What is the basic equation?

The simple equation for lactic acid fermentation is glucose ---glycolysis---> 2 pyruvate ---fermentation--> 2 lactic acid. That is to say that glucose is broken down by glycolysis into 2 pyruvates, and then those pyruvates are fermented to produce 2 lactic acid molecules.

How is citric acid formed in the Krebs cycle?

The Krebs cycle itself actually begins when acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule called OAA (oxaloacetate) (see Figure above). This produces citric acid, which has six carbon atoms. This is why the Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle.

What are the steps in cellular respiration?

There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative phosphorylation occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The energy for glycolysis comes from which molecule?

Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates.

During which step of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide released?

The stage of cellular respiration in which carbon dioxide release takes place is the citric acid cycle. Aerobic cellular respiration has three steps, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration?

During cellular respiration, the reactants—glucose (sugar) and oxygen—combine together to form new products: carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules.

Explain how ectotherms and endotherms regulate their body temperature.

Endotherms use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature. Their body temperature tends to stay steady regardless of the environment. Ectotherms depend mainly on external heat sources and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment.

How do humans control their body temperature using ATP?

The muscle contractions of shivering release heat while using ATP. The brain also triggers the thyroid gland in the endocrine system to release thyroid hormone, which increases metabolic activity and heat production in cells throughout the body.

In 3-5 sentences explain how the environment would affect the photosynthetic process of a rainforest plant versus a desert plant. Consider the amount of sunlight and water available in each environment.

The environmental factors that would be more important to a rainforest plant would be sunlight and carbon dioxide. This is because rainforests are shadier and there would be less sunlight for the plant to get, which could cause the plants to get taller in order to reach the sunlight. However, in the desert, the plants would be more dependent on water and carbon dioxide.

Dragonflies are flying insects. In the summer, dragonflies can be seen perched on tree branches in an obelisk pose (i.e., a handstand position with the tip of their abdomen pointing upward). In 3–5 sentences, describe how dragonflies might control their body temperature and give reasons for why they might perch in this pose.

The powered flight regulates body temperature and obelisk posture helps to prevent overheating due to the sun. Dragonflies control their body temperature with the help of controlling metabolic heat production by alternately using powered flight as well as controlling heat loss by changing the circulation between the thorax and abdomen. The dragonflies raised their abdomen until its tip pointed to the sun in order to minimize the surface area exposed to solar radiation so that powered flight regulates body temperature and obelisk posture helps to prevent overheating due to the sun.

Explanation:  Hope this helps!  :)

Answer:

1. The Calvin cycle is the light-independent (does not need light) step of photosynthesis and happens in the stroma.

2. Light

3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy

4. Pyruvic acid + NADH → Lactic acid + NAD+

5. Glycolysis - Krebs Cycle - Electron Transport Chain

6. ATP

7. Reactants are glucose and oxygen, products are carbon dioxide and water with energy in the form of ATP

8. Ectotherms cannot insulate (stop heat loss from) their bodies and can only control their body temperature by choice.

9. shivering

10. Environmental challenges the would affect a rainforest plant would be climate change, and drought. In the rainforest, it may become harder and harder for a plant to survive if it cannot adapt to the rapid changing of the climate, with temperatures becoming rapidly hotter and dropping just as fast, while the total lack of water would take away one of the reactants needed for photosynthesis, further lowering a plants chances for survival.

Environmental challenges that would affect a rainforest plant would be erosion, and climate change. Deserts are very sensitive when it comes to external changes to its environment, and if they already have very little rainfall, climate change could destroy plants as they would have nothing of the little resources they have to survive on. Erosion can destroy desert soil, and as it already takes a massive amount of time to grow plants, the total lack of soil could stop plant growth altogether.

11. Dragonflies are exothermic which means their bodies are warmed by their environment. They cannot easily warm their bodies themselves, so they stay warm by traveling to areas of warmth which might give reason as to why they perch in the obelisk pose. By flying, they can help regulate warmth throughout their bodies, and the obelisk posture on tree branches can ensure that they do not overheat and maintain proper body temperature.

Explanation:

Just took the test, these are correct.

Answer: the correct answer actually is to energize electrons.

Explanation: I took the test and it was right.

(1) It reduces the amount of energy required by a reaction.

(2)Less enzymatic activity

A protein usually invariably makes up an enzyme, a biological catalyst. The cell's particular chemical reaction is accelerated by it. Throughout the reaction, the enzyme is not destroyed and is continuously utilised. Enzymes, which are essentially proteins, are created by living things in order to trigger specific metabolic and biochemical processes in the body. They have the power to catalyze biological processes and quicken internal chemical reactions. Names for enzymes frequently end in -ase and are derived from either the substrate they catalyze or the chemical process they catalyze. DNA polymerase, lactase, and alcohol dehydrogenase are a few examples. The term "isozyme" refers to different enzymes that catalyze the same chemical process. The proteins known as enzymes aid in accelerating chemical processes in our bodies. For digestion, enzymes are crucial.

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Red blood cells is anuclear is accurately matched with its description.

RBC are biconcave and anucleate disc with 7-8µm in diameter.  Absence of nucleus allow RBCs to be bowed to pass through capillary . This deformed shape offers maximum surface area for gaseous exchange .lack of a nucleus enables the rbc to have more room to contain hemoglobin which increases its efficiency to carrying oxygen.

Platelets are small anucleate blood cells derived from megakaryocytes. The red blood cell of many organisms lacks a complete nucleus, while some organisms have a nucleus, but it's damaged during the maturation of red blood cells.

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In the cytoplasm, mRNA is attached by a ribosome. In accordance with the codon sequence, ribosomes provide sites for tRNA to attach as they move along strands of mRNA.

In the cytoplasm, mRNA is attached by a ribosome. The mRNA serves as the blueprint for the protein that will be produced on the ribosome. Particular amino acids are joined to particular molecules in the cytoplasm. tRNA then binds to mRNA.

In accordance with the codon sequence, ribosomes provide sites for tRNA to attach as they move along strands of mRNA. The ribosome moves on upstream after the amino acids form peptide bonds with the polypeptide strand's terminus.

The catalytic steps of protein synthesis, which entail joining amino acids to create proteins, are governed by the rRNA molecules in the ribosome. To reflect this role, rRNA is sometimes referred to as a ribozyme or catalytic RNA.

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Answer:

Explanation:In order for a cell to manufacture these proteins, specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA; then, these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later fold into fully functional proteins.

The statement specialized cell releases a chemical signal that alters gene expression in the stem cell, so the stem cell also specializes is the best explanation for how the stem cell developed into specialized cells (Option b).

A specialized cell is a cell in a multicellular organism that suffer cell differentiation due to the expression of certain genes that shape these structural and enzymatic activities.

Therefore, we can conclude that specialized cells are generated through cell differentiation, which is a process associated with differential gene expression patterns.

Complete question:

A scientist places an adult stem cell and a specialized cell from the same individual in a Petri dish containing nutrient agar. Over time, the scientist notes that the adult stem cell gives rise to new specialized cells with the same structure as the original specialized cell. What is the best explanation for how the stem cell developed into specialized cells?

a. The nutrient agar in which the cells were grown is only suitable for the specialized cell, so the stem cell changes to survive in that environment.

b. The specialized cell releases a chemical signal that alters gene expression in the stem cell, so the stem cell also specializes.

c. Physical contact between the stem cell and the specialized cell causes the DNA of the stem cell to mutate to match the DNA of the specialized cell.

d. It is predetermined that the stem cell will become this particular specialized cell because stem cells can only develop into one type of cell.

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The cell that accurately matches with its description is: red blood cells: anuclear.

The red blood cells are found in blood, synthesized by the bone marrow. These cells contain hemoglobin pigment that provides color to the blood and also transports gases across the body. The red blood cells are small, rounded and biconcave in shape.

These cells are anuclear. That means they do not possess nucleus within them. This adaptation of RBCs is to accommodate the maximum amount of oxygen molecules it can so as to amplify the quantity of molecules transported. The RBC is not anuclear since the time it is synthesized but it loses the nucleus at maturity.

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When Eukaryotic Repressors bind to DNA-binding sites on RNA polymerase, they directly block the enzyme.

Bacterial repressors bind an operator downstream of the promoter site, inhibiting the activity of RNA polymerase.

Like prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have transcriptional inhibitors. Transcription is stopped when transcriptional repressors bind to enhancer or promoter regions. In order to prevent the binding of activating transcription factors, repressors respond to external stimuli in a manner similar to transcriptional activators.

Transcriptional factors must first attach to the promoter region in eukaryotes in order to help recruit the appropriate polymerase. RNA Polymerase II is the polymerase responsible for transcription of mRNA.

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The  factor that can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction is low temperature.

The next step in the process after a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme is the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.

What is chemical reaction?

A chemical reaction can be described as a process in which one or more substances called the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances known as the product.

A chemical reaction can take place between two atoms or ions or molecules, and they form a new bond and no atom is destroyed or created but a new product is formed from reactants.

The  factor that can cause the decrease in the rate of a chemical reaction is low temperature.

The next step in the process after a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme is the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex with the help of non-covalent interactions such as complementary shape, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding et cetera.

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As it appears to be involved for many of the processes that contribute to creative thinking, the frontal cortex has long been considered the hub or core of creativity (such as working or short-term memory).

The hippocampus is well recognized for its ability to retain declarative memories, such as those of events and facts.

Deep inside the brain is a structure known as the basal ganglia. The memory of abilities and how to do things—often things we perform without having to think about them explicitly, like riding a bike—is processed by the basal ganglia. You get better at creative endeavors with time and experience.

The connections between distinct brain areas are made of white matter. The brain processes information more efficiently and quickly the better connected its regions are. A well-connected brain may enable you to combine more thoughts more quickly during the creative process.

Short note on brain

The most intricate organ in the human body is the brain. It consists of more than 100 billion nerves, which connect in trillions in a process known as synapses. The central nervous system, or CNS, is made up of the spinal cord that emerges from the brain.

Hence the correct answered is given that are responsible for creativity.

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Answer:

Unlike phospholipids and fats, steroids have a fused ring structure. Although they do not resemble the other lipids, they are grouped with them because they are also hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

The genotype of the parent with incomplete genotype in P generation for the given test cross should be Hh.

Genotype is the genetic constitution or makeup of an individual. It depicts the complete set of genes. The genotype is responsible for the different characteristics or traits.

Test cross is the type of cross performed to know the genotype of the dominant trait. In this the unknown genotype is crossed with a recessive set of alleles. If the cross gives any recessive offspring then the unknown genotype is heterozygous for the dominant trait. This is the reason why the given cat in the image has Hh genotype as one of the offspring has hh genotype.

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The pH of the mitochondria is lower in the intermembrane space.

The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria.

An important physiological element that affects a variety of cellular functions is mitochondrial pH. With resting mitochondrial pH values varying from 7.2 to 8.2 in various cell types but having its lowest value in the intermembrane gap, pH in undamaged mitochondria remains alkaline thanks to the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). The pH of the mitochondria at rest is altered by activation.

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Answer:

The food that is coming from the stomach is very acidic because of the presence of HCl. So, it requires something that must be alkaline form and that is bile and bile salts

Explanation:

Bile usually contains no digestive enzyme. It is composed of cholesterol, lecithin, inorganic salts, organic salts, and bile pigments which make it slightly alkaline having a pH of 7 to 8

Bile is synthesis in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and secreted in the duodenum

Its main function is, to digest fats

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It is possible by the action of enzymes that reacts with the acidic food which is coming from the stomach into the U-shaped duodenum. This is because the enzymes works in this region require an alkaline medium to function properly.

Being the first part of the small intestine, the primary role of the duodenum is to complete the first stage of digestion. This involves the breakdown of acidic food which is coming from the region of the stomach.

The food entering the duodenum from the stomach is mediated by the pyrrolic sphincter. In this region, the enzymes secreted from the pancreas and bile from the gall bladder are actively involved in the complete breakdown of acidic food. These enzymes are functional in the alkaline medium in order to facilitate the process of digestion.

Therefore, the process of complete processing of food in the stomach and duodenum is well described above.

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Energy that performs cellular functions.

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Answer:

about 10 meters per second

Explanation:

Answer:

tRNAs and rRNAs

Explanation:i did this out of my own will hope it helps though

The description as to the anatomical structure of the os coxa will be illustrated as:

Any biological object that takes up space and stands out from its surrounds is considered to have an anatomical structure. Anatomical structures might be microscopic or macroscopic, as an acrosome or a carpel. Supine, prone, right lateral recumbent, and left lateral recumbent are the four main anatomical positions.

Two innominate bones, often known as hip bones, come together to form the pelvis. The Sacroiliac joint is the joint that makes up the pelvis.

The big bone known as the ilium makes up the iliac crest. The bone that once rested on the seat is called the ischium. The pubic bone is the first bone behind the perineum.

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Robert Hooke spotted some "pores" or "cells" when he used his microscope to examine a piece of cork. Hooke thought the cork tree's once-living "noble fluids" or "fibrous threads" had been stored inside the cells.

Cell theory is defined as cells are believed to be the primary building blocks of all living tissues according to a basic biological scientific hypothesis.

According to the cell hypothesis, which was first advanced in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, every organism is made up of one or more cells. Cells are also the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, all cells are derived from preexisting cells, and all cells contain the hereditary.

Rudolf Virchow established the field of cellular pathology, or the study of disease at the cellular level, by proposing the hypothesis that all cells develop from pre-existing cells.

Thus, the cell theory given be the different scientist is that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.  

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The large, blue-coloured vessels are called veins, and the large, red-coloured vessels are called arteries.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood form various parts of the body back to the heart. The blood contained in the veins is deoxygenated as the oxygen it contained has been used up by the cells of the body. Unlike arteries, veins are generally found closer to the surface of the skin. The blood pressure is also generally lower compared to the arteries; hence, veins contain valves, or pocket valves that prevent the backflow of blood.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body. They carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all cells in the body. Compared to veins, arteries are thicker, comprising of collagen and elastin fibres.

Due to the different absorption of red and blue light, Viens on the skin appear blue in colour, hence, in many diagrams, blue-coloured vessels are veins, while the red-coloured ones are arteries.

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Some of the ideas he came up with about making an hypothesis is that if a fruit has more than x grams of sugar per kilogram of mass, then people who taste it will think it tastes sweet and is denoted as option A.

This is referred to a proposed explanation for as particular phenomenon and the phrase used is that of an if-then statement. This is regarded as a scientific method and is involved in the creation of theories etc.

Hypothesis to be ascertained if it is true or not by conducting different types of experiments by people before it then becomes a law which is used all over the world.

The hypothesis in the option which has an if-then statement is If a fruit has more than x grams of sugar per kilogram of mass, then people who taste it will think it tastes sweet which is why option A was chosen.

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One important role of the cell wall in both plants and fungus is to give the cell structural stiffness. The position of the cell wall is hence comparable in both types of cells. This is evidence in favor of the alternate theory put forth above.

In the plant kingdom, cell wall characteristics change not just between different taxa but also within a single plant tissue and during the course of a single plant's life cycle. Varied organs, various cell types within a tissue, and even a single cell have different cell wall compositions that have been identified. In contrast to the flat areas of the walls where two cells are adjoined, the quantity and distribution of specific cell wall components, for instance, varies dramatically in the triangular cell junctions between three cells. Primary cell wall and secondary cell wall layers (S1, S2, and S3) of the cell wall have different compositions and spatial 3D arrangements of wall components. Such variety in cell walls strongly suggests that many models of

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Description into the bin that fits most appropriate for the department of the peripheral nervous system to which it belongs-

Visceral sensory: visceral sensory neurons keep the track of internal environment and organ systems.

- Detects stretch of the stomach wall,

- Hunger,

- taste,

- Monitors chemical changes in the blood.

Visceral motor: The visceral (or autonomic) motor system controls involuntary functions.

- motor innervation of the myocardium,

- Contraction of smooth muscle in the small intestine,

- autonomic nervous system.

Somatic sensory: Sensory neurons known as somatic afferent neurons transmit impulses initiated by receptors located in the skin, skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints.

- Proprioception from upper extremity muscles,

- Temperature change on the skin surface,

- Soft texture.

Somatic motor: The brainstem is home to somatic motor neurons, which are further classified into three groups: gamma, beta, and alpha.

- motor innervation of skeletal muscle.

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