Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is fast and profound relaxing.
Ventilation alludes to the whole course of moving air all through the lungs and the human body. Now and again, for example, in instances of respiratory disappointment, mechanical ventilation might be required.
Increased ventilation that outcomes in an expansion in blood pH is called hyperventilation. it is fast and profoundly relaxing. It is likewise called over-breathing, and it might amaze you feeling. The ascent in blood pH will make the blood essential and lead to a condition known as respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation wipes out CO2 quicker than it is being created and, subsequently, pH increments; hypoventilation dispenses with CO2 more leisurely than it is being delivered and, therefore, pH diminishes.
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Why does Claire hallucinate?
Throughout the course of the season, Claire frequently experienced hallucinations involving Lionel Brown.
Her hallucinations of Lionel in this episode typically include references to witchcraft, have selfish motives, or take advantage of the resentment and betrayal she felt as a result of Malva accusing Jamie falsely.
This plot is based on the books. Tom and Claire contract the same illness in A Breath of Snow and Ashes at the same time that dysentery is spreading over the Ridge. Claire is aware that she did not experience the same thing, but she is unable to identify the root of the problem. Tom eventually learns the truth.
The drug helps Claire stop having nightmares and hallucinations of Lionel Brown, but as the season has gone on, Claire's use of the drug has taken a perilous turn towards addiction.
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How does cardiovascular system respond to injury?
The rise in arterial blood pressure that results after injury is primarily caused by an increase in total peripheral resistance and a rise in sympathetic outflow to the vasculature.
A cardiovascular system is what?The whole body of a human or other vertebrate is circulated by a series of organs called the blood circulatory system. It consists of the blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The heart and blood arteries are part of the cardiovascular system, sometimes called the vascular system.
In light of the posed query:
Due to tissue damage or ischaemia, a tachycardia is followed by a rise in arterial blood pressure. The rise in arterial pressure is primarily caused by an increase in total peripheral resistance and a rise in sympathetic outflow to the vasculature.
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imagine a population of beetles. yellow beetles are easier for birds to see and eat. gray beetles blend into their surroundings, so they are less visible to birds than yellow beetles. as a result, gray beetles are more likely to survive and reproduce, enabling the gene for gray coloration to be passed on to the next generation. this increases the frequency of genes for gray coloration in the population.which evolutionary process does this scenario describe?
The process that describes the course of the evolutionary process is natural selection. The methods that alter allele frequencies throughout time include natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.
What connection does gene frequency have to evolution?Sewell Wright's synthetic theory of evolution is an effort to explain evolution in terms of variations in gene frequencies. According to this hypothesis, a species evolves when its gene frequencies vary and it advances to a greater level of adaptability for a particular ecological niche.
What are the four evolutionary processes?The four main driving forces of evolution are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and gene flow. New genetic variety is produced via mutation in the gene pool. Allele frequencies in a gene pool are changed via genetic drift and gene flow.
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1. According to the text, what is cross-training? A. doing two or more different types of exercise in one workout B. doing two or more of the same type of exercise in one workout C. doing the same exercise in many workouts throughout the week D. doing two or more different exercises that make muscles stronger
Answer:
A. doing two or more different types of exercise in one workout
Explanation:
What God say about tattoos?
Tattooing has "Witchcraft Roots," according to the Bible. Tattoos are also prohibited in Islam as they change Allah's creation and causes distress to one's body.
Tattoos are prohibited in the Bible, according to Leviticus 19:28 (Amplified), which states, "Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print or tattoo any marks upon you: I am the Lord." Nevertheless, just because society agrees with something does not make it acceptable in God's eyes. A tattoo will not prevent anybody from serving God.
Even in other religions, such as Islam, Tattooing that involves needle piercing and the use of dye colors is considered Haraam by Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymeen. It may or may not cause you distress, but it involves changing Allah's creation.
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Summarize why the overall process of breaking down ATP is considered an exothermic process, while the overall process of forming ATP is considered an endothermic process.
Answer:
The overall process of breaking down ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is considered an exothermic process because it releases energy. ATP is a molecule that stores energy in the bonds between its phosphates, and when these bonds are broken, the energy is released. This energy can then be used by cells for various processes, such as muscle contraction and protein synthesis.
On the other hand, the overall process of forming ATP is considered an endothermic process because it requires the absorption of energy. This process, called cellular respiration, involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP. In order for ATP to be formed, energy must be absorbed from the environment in the form of heat or light.
Overall, the process of breaking down ATP is exothermic because it releases energy, while the process of forming ATP is endothermic because it requires the absorption of energy. These processes are essential for the functioning of cells, as they provide the energy needed to power various cellular processes.
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Explanation:
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Corals, the basic structures of coral reefs, are affected by the increasing acidity (decreasing pH) of the oceans. When the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide reacts with water and other substances to form carbonic acid. This process uses substances in the ocean that corals use to build their skeletons. So, the more carbon dioxide there is in the ocean, the harder it is for corals to build their skeletons. Ocean acidification can also destroy existing coral reefs.
1. Conduct research to learn more about your proposed solutions. Be sure to look up information about cost, safety, reliability, and social or cultural implications when applicable. What are the pros of each solution? What are the cons of each solution?
2. Which solution would be better to implement? Justify your answer.
3. What sources did you use?
The answers include the following:
The proposed solutions to ocean acidification is by prompt action on climate change and the use of fossil fuels should also be reduced and minimized to the barest minimum.The cost is low and it has a high safety level with no social or cultural implications.The solution which would be better to implement is prompt action on climate change and the internet was used as a source.What is Climate change?This is referred to as long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns which has occurred due to human activities and its impact on the ecosystem.
Ocean acidification is a reduction in the pH of the ocean due to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.This can be tackled by the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ,methane etc in various sectors and it is the better solution in the control of ocean acidification due to it solving other issues such as global warming etc.
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Which intervention is the priority for a patient with renal calculi?
Strong masses of stones called renal calculi are accumulated in the kidneys or bladder.
The kidneys would be overworked with the excretion of extra calcium when there is an excess of calcium in the blood as a result of hyperparathyroidism. Kidney stone formation is caused by the presence of excess calcium in the kidney and urine.
An end-stage renal disease patient's heart monitor shows frequent PVCs. The most important intervention is: Dial the doctor right away. IV lidocaine to the patient Prepare the patient for defibrillation. Find out the patient's most recent potassium level.
As a result of the high calcium levels the kidneys excrete, persons with hyperparathyroidism would be at risk for developing renal calculi.
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Endoplasmic reticulum - makes fats and proteins; one has ribosomes and one does not.
What is Cell Organelles?
Cell organelles are specialized cellular structures found within the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. These organelles are responsible for a wide variety of functions, including energy production, metabolism, and communication. The most common organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vacuoles. The nucleus is the most important organelle and contains genetic information, while the mitochondria produce energy. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for transporting proteins and lipids throughout the cell, while the Golgi apparatus helps to package and transport these molecules. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, peroxisomes are involved in oxidizing metabolic reactions, and vacuoles store important materials. Together, these organelles allow for efficient and organized functioning within the cell.
Mitochondria - Creates energy
Endoplasmic reticulum - makes fats and proteins; one has ribosomes and one does not.
Ribosomes - helps assembles proteins
Golgi apparatus - ships and packages protein
Chloroplast - absorbs sunlight
Vacuoles - store food, water and wastes
Lysosomes - helps breakdown nutrients and dead cell parts.
Cytoplasm - thick fluids in cell.
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Is dark skin dominant or recessive?
The colour of a person's skin is determined by three genes. Each gene has two variants: dark skin alleles (A, B, and C) and light skin alleles (A, B, and C) (a, b, and c). Neither allele is entirely dominant over the other.
Heterozygotes have a phenotype that is in the middle (incomplete dominance). Each dark skin allele adds pigment to the genotype by increasing melanin production. As a result, polygenic inheritance exists.
Where can you find these genes?These three genes are found at three distinct loci, and each dominant gene is responsible for a specific amount of melanin synthesis. When a very dark-skinned man (AABBCC) marries a very light-skinned woman, the chances of having very dark-skinned children are one in 64.
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The energy from glucose is transformed in cellular respiration. Where does the energy from glucose end up?
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a form of chemical energy the cell can use. It is the chemical that fuels the activity of your cells.
Where does cellular respiration's energy go?In order for the cell to function, all of the events that take place inside it require energy, which is provided when glucose is broken down during the process of cellular respiration. The organism can use the energy for breathing, digestion, or any other necessary action.
At the end of cellular respiration, how is energy stored?Cells use cellular respiration to draw energy from the bonds in food molecules like glucose and other compounds. The energy that is extracted can be stored by cells as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
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What disease causes arteriosclerosis?
High blood pressure: Over time, high blood pressure can harm the lining of the arteries, causing plaque to accumulate. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can harm the arteries' inner layers and lead to the formation of plaque. High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels raise your chances of developing the metabolic syndrome.
A common ailment called atherosclerosis arises when a sticky material called plaque accumulates inside your arteries. The most common reason for mortality in the US is a condition related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis affects almost 50% of Americans between the ages of 45 and 84, yet many are unaware of it.
Endothelial dysfunction, the development of a lipid layer or fatty streak inside the intima, migration of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells into the artery wall, the production of foam cells, and the breakdown of extracellular matrix are the five main stages of atherosclerosis.
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Can atherosclerosis cause Alzheimer's?
An independent and significant dementia risk factor is intracranial atherosclerosis.
Serious health issues can result from cerebral arteriosclerosis. Blood flow to the brain can get obstructed and result in stroke if the artery walls are too thick or if a blood clot gets wedged in the confined space. Inequal thickening and hardening can cause bulges in artery walls (called aneurysms).
Memory, motor function, visual perception, attention, and executive function are just a few of the specific cognitive functions that are decreased as a result of carotid atherosclerosis.
According to current theories, the aberrant protein buildup in and around brain cells is what causes Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid is one of the proteins involved, and deposits of it create plaques around brain cells. The second protein is tau, and deposits of it develop.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic modification?
Pesticide reduction benefits of genetic modification and the increased cost of cultivation is a disadvantage of genetic modification.
Genetic modification is indeed a technique that involves transferring a piece of DNA through one organism to another in order to change this same characteristics of the a plant, animal, or microorganism. This is accomplished by selectively removing the preferred genes from of the DNA with one organism and inserting them into the DNA of the other.
In the context of labelling genetically modified, or "GMO," foods, the terms "modified" but also "engineered" are frequently used interchangeably. GMO means genetically modified organism in the field of biotechnology, whereas in the food industry, this same term only refers to food that is purposefully engineered but not bred specifically organisms. Many GMO crops are employed to produce ingredients consumed by Americans, such as cornflour, corn syrup, canola oil, soybean oil, canola, and granulated sugar. GMO potatoes, butternut squash, apples, papayas, as well as pink pineapples are among the fresh fruits and vegetables available.
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Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules by__________
a. mitochondria
b. chlorophyll
c. carotenoids
d. atp
Answer:
c. carotenoids
Explanation:
Carotenoids are essential to photosynthesis since they regulate the amount of light plants get and protect plants from receiving excess light energy. Carotenoids regulate the pigments for plants as they manage the amount of light stored in these pigments in order to better harvest sunlight.
Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules by c. carotenoids.
Using light energy, an organic compound is made through photosynthesis. Photosynthetic organisms are organisms that produce energy through photosynthesis.
Carotenoid: The basic structure is composed of eight isoprene units and is lipid-soluble. it has an Absorption between 400 and 500 nm, and colors- yellow, red, and orange. Pumpkins, carrots, parsnips, corn, tomatoes, canaries, flamingos, salmon, lobster, shrimp, and daffodils all have distinctive colors thanks to carotenoids.
Carotenoid's role: Transmission of excitation energy Carotenoids protects plant cells from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules through photoprotection by acting as a quencher and a scavenger.
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Write the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence, in order from 3' to 5':
5-CGATATTGAGCTAAGCTT-3
Use all capital letters to write the DNA sequence. 3-...........................-5
The complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence, in order from 3' to 5': 3' GCTATAACTCGATTCGAA 5'
Complementary sequence: A nucleic acid sequence of bases that, when matched, can form a double-stranded structure. G-T-A-C is the complementary sequence to C-A-T-G (where each letter represents one of the bases in DNA).A complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule is a DNA copy of an mRNA molecule produced by reverse transcriptase, a DNA polymerase that can use either DNA or RNA as a template.
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How can operant conditioning MOST effectively be used in a classroom setting?
A.
Students can punish other students for their behaviors so the teacher has less work.
B.
Teachers can use neutral operants to make students behave in a calm manner.
C.
Students can decide for themselves what they want to do each day for lessons.
D.
Teachers can reinforce student behavior to help manage their classrooms.
Bacterial infection versus intoxicationIn this case study, the main focus has been on the organism Vibrio cholerae and the toxin it produces. Many organisms are capable of producing toxins that allow for pathogenesis, while others are able to infect the host directly and cause disease. In this activity, you will place the organism in a bin based on its ability to cause an infection, an intoxication, or both.
The organism in a bin based on its ability to cause an infection-Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, intoxication- Staphylococcus aureus.
As indicated by the data provided, "intoxication" alludes to food poisoning brought on by poisons delivered by microbes like parasites and microorganisms. An infection is when pathogens or microorganisms spread a disease to a vulnerable host. Sicknesses that can't be stopped can spread from one person to another. Furthermore, they are referred to as communicable diseases. As a consequence of this, Staphylococcus aureus causes intoxication, and Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli cause infections.
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Classify each characteristic as describing glycoproteins or proteoglycans. Glycoproteins Proteoglycans Answer Bank exclusively located at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix include the heparan sulfate family only has sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains covalently linked to Ser may contain N-linked glycosidic bonds found in Golgi complexes, secretory granules, and lysosomes form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins
Glycoproteins are proteins that have been modified with carbohydrates (sugars), which are attached to the proteins via covalent bonds. They are found exclusively at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. They may contain N-linked glycosidic bonds and form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins.
Proteoglycans:Proteoglycans are proteins that have been modified with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long polysaccharide chains that are covalently linked to serine residues of the protein. They are found in Golgi complexes, secretory granules, and lysosomes and include the heparan sulfate family. They consist of sulfated GAGs, which form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins.
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Is glaucoma genetically inherited?
The complex traits that make up adult-onset glaucoma, such as POAG, low-tension glaucoma, and glaucoma linked to pseudoexfoliation, are inherited. Positive family history is a significant risk factor for these diseases, indicating that particular gene defects are probably involved.
Damage to the optic nerve, which results in loss of visual field, is the cause of the chronic, progressive eye disease known as glaucoma. Eye pressure is among the major risk factors. Fluid can accumulate in the eye due to an issue with the drainage system, which can result in excessive pressure that harms the optic nerve.
What proportion of glaucoma is inherited?According to genetic studies, glaucoma is familial in more than 50% of cases. The rate of glaucoma can be extremely hereditary, especially among siblings.
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If their environment changes to have only large rocks, which of the following guppy populations will most likely survive?
If their environment changes to have only large rocks, the guppy populations that will most likely survive is option D: Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.
Why are guppies important to the ecosystem?A recent study on guppies demonstrates that rather than adapting to the risk of being eaten, animals evolve in reaction to the environment they create when predators are absent.
In some form of introduction sites, guppies take over as the predominant fish species. By boosting primary productivity, recycling nitrogen, and nitrogen fluxes to grazers and filter feeders while decreasing nitrogen fluxes to collector-gatherers, they disturb these ecosystems.
Therefore, A low-predation environment was introduced to guppies, who then adapted to it by having bigger, fewer offspring with each reproductive cycle. Guppies that settled in high-predation areas lacked this adaption. Hence option D is correct.
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Guppies are small fish that live in South American rivers. They can have different-sized spots on their bodies.
The river bottoms are covered in rocks. Guppies with spots that are the same size as the rocks on the bottom are harder for bigger fish to see and catch.
The diagrams show three possible guppy populations.
If their environment changes to have only large rocks, which of the following guppy populations will most likely survive?
answer choices
Only Population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.
All the populations will survive because the guppies will change the size of their spots if they need to.
Populations 1 and 2 will most likely survive.
Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.
What is the differences in reproduction between water and land snails?
It is much simpler for gastropods to get sperm to egg when they are undergoing reproduction in freshwater or marine environments as opposed to on land.
The majority of freshwater snail species have distinct sexes. Females attach their eggs directly to firm, clean substrates like rocks, logs, or aquatic vegetation, typically in shallow water, after males have fertilised the female through direct copulation. Eggs from land snails are typically produced through sexual reproduction, which combines the genetic makeup of two individuals. Internal fertilisation, which involves copulation but is very different from that in mammals, unites the genetic material in eggs and sperm.
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Do viruses have nucleic acid?
Yes, the virus have the nucleic acid as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
What are the evidences of occurrence of viruses?The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.
Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
Therefore,Yes, the virus have the nucleic acid as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
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What does the regulatory protein bind to?
Regulatory proteins are generally bind to small molecules which possess the ability to make protein active or inactive by altering its capability to bind DNA.
Regulatory proteins are also known as gene-regulatory proteins which influences the regions of a DNA (De-oxy ribonucleic acid) molecule and during the process of transcription, they are transcribed by the RNA polymerase. These proteins are responsible for helping in the control of the production of protein synthesis in the cell. In a huge diversity of organisms, we have identified thousands of regulatory proteins. Each of these possess a unique feature and they attach to DNA ad homodimers or heterodimers and identify the DNA through a minor structure.
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What types of human settlements are there?
Human settlements can extensively be divided into types – rural and urban. Rural settlements: Rural settlements are maximum intently and immediately associated with land.
They are ruled via way of means of number one sports which includes agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing etc. The settlements length is exceptionally small. There are numerous kinds of settlements for eg; Scattered settlements, Nucleated settlements and Linear settlements. In scattered settlements , homes are few and a ways from every other.
The 4 primary kinds of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed. Urban settlements are densely populated and are in general non-agricultural. They are called towns or metropolises and are the maximum populated sort of settlement.
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PLEASE HELP
question 1
Kinetic energy is described as
O elastic
O decreasing energy
O movement
O stored energy
question 2
Kinetic energy depends on
O density and volume
O position and height
O heat and pressure
O mass and speed
question 3
If two trucks are moving at the same speed but truck A has a mass of 3,000 kg,. And truck B has a mass of 4,500 kg which statement is true?
O truck B will have a greater stopping distance
O Truck A will have a greater stopping distance
O Truck B has less kinetic energy
O Truck A has a greater kinetic energy
Question 4
If you throw a ball straight up into the air when is the kinetic energy the greatest?
O half the distance on this path traveling up in the air
O half the distance on ten path is traveling back down
O right before you catch it after it falls back down
O when the ball reached the highest point and stops briefly
Question 5
When is the kinetic energy of a pendulum the least?
O half the distance on the path traveling back down
O at the bottom of the swing
O at the top of the swim bc where it briefly stops before changing directions
O on the path beginning the upward swing
Answer:
Explanation:
1-movement
2-mass and speed
3-truck B will have a greater stopping distance
4-half the distance on ten path is traveling back down
5-at the top of the swim bc where it briefly stops before changing directions
How do DNA and RNA control both stability and change in cells?
Answer:
DNA and RNA control stability and change in cells through the genetic information they contain and the ways in which this information is used. DNA, which is found in the nucleus of a cell, contains the instructions for the structure and function of the cell. This information is passed on to new cells through the process of cell division, ensuring that each new cell has the same genetic makeup as the parent cell. However, DNA can also undergo changes, such as mutations, which can alter the instructions it contains. These changes can lead to changes in the structure and function of the cell, and can even lead to the development of new traits and characteristics.
RNA, on the other hand, plays a key role in translating the instructions contained in DNA into proteins, which are the building blocks of cells. By controlling the production of proteins, RNA plays a crucial role in determining the structure and function of a cell. RNA can also undergo changes, such as through a process called RNA editing, which can alter the proteins that are produced and lead to changes in the cell.
Overall, DNA and RNA control both stability and change in cells by providing the instructions that determine the structure and function of the cell, and by allowing for changes to these instructions through mutations and other processes.
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Explanation:
Organelle in plants that uses light energy to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis
Answer:
The plant organelle that uses light energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis is called a chloroplast.
What are 3 interesting facts about snails?
Three facts about snails are: (1) there are over 50,000 species of snails all around the world, (2) the smallest snail is less than 0.03 inches, (3) their shells can be preserved in the form of fossils.
Snails are the creatures of the phylum Mollusca belonging to the class Gastropoda. These are the animals usually considered as pests in garden or agricultural lands, however they are also consumed as food in various parts of the world.
Fossils are the dead and decaying remains of the animals or plants that were buries deep down into the earth millions of years ago. Fossils can be in the form of remains. traces or impressions. They are important sources for evolutionary studies.
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Lab report 25-Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Kirby-Bauer Method) Your results and observations: Record your results in the table (S-sensitivi intermediate, R = resistant) Paties Patient X Patient B Zone Result AS Result Zone Result Antibiotic Code (mm) S/I/ R Cm S/\/R (mm) 5/1/R Penicillin P-10 gam Erythromycin E-15 Tetracycline TE-30 Kanamycin K-30 23 Domm 21mm Streptomycin S-10 Gentamicin GM-10 Bacitracin B-10 Vancomycin VA-30 Chloramphenieel LC-30 nterpretation & Questions: 1. Based on your results, which patient's infection appears to be the most difficult to treat? Why? 2. With which antibiotic should Patient S be treated? 3. Which 2 antibiotics appear to have the most similar spectra of activity (be effective or not on the same organism)? 4. With which antibiotic should Patient X be treated? 5. In preparing your plate for testing, you spread the inoculum first in one direction, then in another, and finally in a third direction. Why was it important to spread the inoculum in this manner?
In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
What is Kirby Bauer Test?Areas of clear media surrounding the disks show that the antibiotic prevents bacterial growth after allowing the germs to develop overnight. As you get further from the source, less antibiotic is diffused into the media at a given concentration.
Therefore, the size of the clear bacterium-free zone that develops around the disk holding the antibiotic increases with the sensitivity of the bacteria to a certain antibiotic. (Commons; accessed through Wikipedia)
The antibiotic discs are layered on top of the bacterium that has been swabbed onto the agar. The further the antibiotic travels from the disc into the agar, the less it diffuses.
Therefore, In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
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