Innate immunity ________. is found only in vertebrates is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

Explanation:

Innate or natural immunity is one of the two types of immunity an organism can possess (the other being; acquired immunity). Innate immunity is the FIRST defensive response of an organism against pathogenic attacks. The acquired immune system is only activated when the innate immune system has been penetrated or surmounted.

For example, the skin, mucus secretion, inflammation etc. are all natural or innate defenses against foreign invaders. Therefore, according to this question, innate immunity the first, and most general i.e. commonly used, mechanism of protection against pathogens.


Related Questions

PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS BIO QUESTION!

Answers

Answer:

Option 1: XnY

Explanation:

X-linked recessive traits can occur in both males and females. Since its recessive it needs both XnXn in females to show up but for males who are hemizygous (XY) they only need a defective copy of Xn for the disease to show up thus option 1 is correct.

I have added a helpful illustration below where we are talking about another x-linked recessive condition in humans: hemophilia.

Answer:

X"n"Y

Please leave a Thanks and 5-star rating!

hi! i’ll give brainliest please help

Answers

Answer:

My Guess Is C if im wrong sorry

Explanation:

Just thinking logicaly

how many social connections should you have at least a day?100 POINTS

Answers

You only need 1 social connection a day

Answer:

Explanation:

You should have as many social connections a day as you feel comfortable. It can be as little as one a day or you can be on social 24 hours a day. There is no right or wrong answer here.

Assuming these are carbon dioxide molecules, which way do you think the molecules will move and why?

A. Out of the cell. They want to move from high to low concentration (DOWN the concentration gradient)

B. Into the cell. They want to move from low to high concentration (UP the concentration gradient).

Answers

Answer:

A. Out of the cell. They want to move from high to low concentration (DOWN the concentration gradient)

Explanation:

Although the cuticle provides important protection from excessive water loss, leaves cannot be impervious because they must also allow carbon dioxide in (to be used in photosynthesis), and oxygen out. These gases move into and out of the leaf through openings on the underside called stomata (Figure 3b).

Answer:

A. Out of the cell. They want to move from high to low concentration (DOWN the concentration gradient)

Explanation:

The option (A) is the correct answer. This statement is the required answer.

PLS HELP
Plant cells have cell walls, while animal cells only have cell membranes surrounding them. Which of the following best describes how the cell wall is different from the cell membrane
1. cell walls tend to be more rigid than the cell membrane
2. cell walls tend to be smaller than the cell membrane
3. cell walls tend to contain more lipids than the cell membrane
4. cell walls tend to contain less cellulose than the cell membrane

Answers

Answer:

1. cell walls tend to be more rigid than the cell membrane

Explanation:

Cell walls are called 'walls' for a reason (:

Help! Will give brainliest to the best answer.
Using a specific example, predict and explain how the release of non-native organisms can affect local, national, and even global ecosystems.

Answers

A nonnative species may not have any natural predators when being introduced subsequently it won’t have any competition with the other organisms living in the same ecosystem. This will make the other organisms struggle for food and other resources and could potentially make them go extinct. They can also have drastic effects to the local biodiversity (for the previous reason). Also, due to the competition or newly introduced predator (assuming they’re a predator) the preexisting organisms of the ecosystem may start to relocate and start a new ecosystem or if there are neighbouring towns/cities may have to forage for food there - which would obviously be dangerous for both them and us. Hope these few examples help.

Which technological tool helps earth scientists gain new knowledge about earth’s subsurface?
Group of answer choices.

A. Global positioning system

B. Digital balance

C. Ground penetrating radar

G. Hydrometer

Answers

Answer:

ground penetrating radar

Ground penetrating radar technological tool helps earth scientists gain new knowledge about earth’s subsurface. Thus the correct option is C.

What is Ground penetrating radar?

Ground penetrating radar detects non-metal and metal objects, as well as voids and underground irregularities. It makes possible to measure the depth, dimensions, thickness of targets. It provides data quickly and can cover a large site area.

Ground penetrating radar can go deep up to 100 feet (30 meters) in low conductivity materials such as dry sand or granite. Moist shale, clays, and other high conductivity materials, may attenuate or absorb GPR signals, greatly decreasing the depth of penetration to 3 feet (1 meter) or less.

For more information regarding ground penetrating radar, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/6069534

#SPJ2

Please help it’s biology!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

If a parent is heterozygous, it has 2 difterent alleles. Both parents are heterozygous for blood type A, so the genotype is AO. A masks the O because A is dominant over O, so A is the blood type.

Create a punnett square to find possible offspring

AA = Blood type A

AO = Blood type A

OO = Blood type O

There is 1 child out of 4 that have blood type O. So to find the percentage divide 1 and 4 and multiply by 100.

1÷4×100 = 25


Question is on the image

Answers

Answer:

A and D.

Explanation:

Sharks gills are located on the side of their bodies while on the other hand, Skates have gills that are located in underneath of their mouth. In sharks , large spiracles are present on the ventral sides of shark's head whereas in Rays or Skates, spiracles are large in size and located on the dorsal side of their head. Spiracles is an external respiratory opening, located behind the eye of a cartilaginous fish.

What type of reaction is the following? 2CaCo 2Ca + O2

Answers

Answer:.

Explanation:

A signal that bladder is full is sent to the central nervous system( brain and spinal cord) by

Answers

Answer:

When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. People perceive this signal (bladder fullness) as a sudden desire to urinate, or urinary urge

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

The state is divided into administrative units called………………The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the …………………….heads the civil services in a state.

Ehne Reply Kyu Krna c Hn ?
Agle Nu Pta eh Ki Me eh Story us Lyi hi Pae eh

Simran,T Usne Dona Na vekhi story​

Answers

Answer:

Parallelogram law

If two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the diagonal of parallelogram through the common point represents the sum of the two vectors in both magnitude and direction.

Hmm dekh lya... xD

Answer:

the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion.

Describe the differences between work and power

Answers

Explanation:

Work power

1).Work is a scalar quantity. 1).Power is a scalar quantity.

2).The SI unit of work is Joule (J). 2).The SI unit of power is Watt (W).

3).The equation to calculate work is

Work = Force × Displacement.

3).The equation to calculate power is

Power = Work/Time

What is the answer to this?

Plsss helpp

Answers

T
G
C
A
T
G

in sequences without mutations, A always goes with T, T always goes with A, G always goes with C and C always goes with G.

Select the correct graph.
The graphs below show the average monthly rainfall in three ecosystems over three consecutive years. Which ecosystem is likely to be the least stable?

Answers

Answer:

the bottom one, the one with the bars far away from each other.

Explanation:

Answer:

It is the second choice at the top

Explanation:

I just did this

Bromine is in group 7 of the periodic table. What is the charge?

Answers

Answer:

Bromine Charge

Explanation:

Charge- 1-, 1+, 5+

Hope it helps

Answer:

Explanation: The Group 7 elements are called the halogens. They are placed in the vertical column, second from the right, in the periodic table. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are the three common Group 7 elements.

what processes turn atmospheres into clouds
what process turns clouds into the Earth's surface
what process turns oceans, lakes, and rivers into the atmosphere
what process turns the atmosphere into oceans, lakes, and rivers.
what process turns ice into oceans, lakes and rivers
what process turns ice into ocean lakes and rivers
I'm sorry it's a lot​

Answers

Answer:

am sorry I don't know this

what are the genotypes for the offspring in the F1- Generation? PLEASE HELP!!

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The genotypes in the offspring of the p-generation, i.e. F1, are

Hh (hetero-zygous) short hair

hh (homo-zygous) long hair

each with 50%

However, when Hh crosses with hh, the proportion of the F1 should be 50% each of long and short hair.  The diagram shown does not seem to be consistent with realigy.

(8 - 2) 3 – 2 ( 5 + 4) + 3 ( 6 – 1)=

Answers

I think the answer is 31

Answer:735

Explanation: the reason why this is the answer because of PEMDAS….. you solve the the numbers in the parentheses first before hand then you continue such as, (6x3-2x9+3(5) which is 6x3=18 - 2 = 16 x 9 = 144 x 5 = 735

Which part of the neuron below is indicated by the arrow, and what is its function?

A)The axon carries information through electrical impulses away from the cell body to the axon terminals.

B)The axon contains the nucleus that controls all the activities of the cell.

C)The dendrites regulate the substances that go in and out of the cell.

D)The dendrites carry the electrical impulses from the signal receivers to the cell body.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Osmosis is the movement of a liquid (usually water) through a semi-permeable membrane.
A. True

B. False

Answers

It should be trueeee

Osmosis is the movement of a liquid (usually water) through a semi-permeable membrane.

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In other words, it is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.

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Based on the behavior of a liquid versus a gas, what
conclusion can be drawn about the particles in each?
Select one:
A: quantity of gas particles will always have less mass than an
equal quantity of liquid particles because they are spaced
further apart.
B:The particles of a liquid are bigger than those of a gas so they
pack more closely together in a
container.
C: The particles that make up a liquid are fixed in place and do
not collide with the sides of its container.
D: The particles that make up a gas have less attractive force on
one another than those of a liquid.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

volume of liquid is same as volume of container where as gas occupies whole volume of container

6 reasons why Meiosis and mitosis are different (PLEASE HELP)

Answers

Answer:

Reasons why they're different :

Explanation:

1. Mitosis is reserved for somatic cells while meiosis is reserved for sex cells (gametes).

2. Mitosis results in identical cells , while meiosis results in genetically distinct cells.

3. Mitosis undergoes one round of cell division while meiosis undergoes two rounds of divison.

4. Mitosis results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis results in haploid daughter cells.

5. Unlike mitosis, meiosis differs in males and females.

6. Mitosis creates a human cell with 46 chromosomes, while meiosis creates a human cell with 23 chromosomes.

A scientific name contains information about which of the following groups?

1Points
A
family and species

B
genus and species

C
phylum and order

D
class and family

Answers

Answer:

B

genus and species

Explanation:

how does competition limit the amount of individuals in populations?

Answers

Explanation:

Competition for resources like food and space cause the growth rate to stop increasing, so the population levels off. This flat upper line on a growth curve is the carrying capacity. The carrying capacity (K) is the maximum population size that can be supported in a particular area without destroying the habitat.

what is the last process of the cell cycle during which two new daughter cells formed?

A. cytokinesis

B. S phase

C. G2 phase

Answers

A. Cytokinesis because the cytoplasm of the cell splits in two, making two new cells called daughter cells

What type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is added to the DNA?

Answers

Answer:

A frameshift mutation.

Explanation:

A frameshift mutation is when one adds an extra nucleotide to a series of nucleotides. This will mess up the order of the nucleotide, thus when it forms the codons, and eventually, the amino acids; all of the codons are wrong, thus all of the amino acids are wrong.

In this situation, an extra nucleotide is added to a sequence of DNA, this results in all of the other nucleotides getting pushed over by (1). Thus, all of the nucleotides form the wrong codons and the wrong amino acids. Therefore, a frameshift mutation has occured.

5. As blood enters the capillaries, molecules of oxygen move from the blood into the tissues of the body. Which of the following explains this movement?
d. The concentration of oxygen in the blood is the same as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the tissues.
e. The concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than that in the tissues f. The concentration of oxygen in the blood is lower than that in the tissues 1
g. The concentration of oxygen in the blood is the same as that in the tissues.​

Answers

Answer:

The answer is e

Explanation:

Oxygen moves due to diffusion, and the diffusion of oxygen occurs from higher concentration to lower concentration that is from the blood into the tissues

THIS IS URGENT!! I'M CURRENTLY IN THE HOSPITAL AND I AM UNABLE TO DO MY HW, IF SOMEONE COULD PLS DO IT I WILL BE SO GRATEFUL

Answers

Answer:

I don't know your reasons on how you would feel about becoming an astrobiologist but this is what I found and my feelings.

Explanation:

The Perseverance twin is called Optimism.  This has all of the same electronics as Perseverance and it’s important to have a twin so that they can test things before they operate Perseverance.  When they do land on Mars they need the twin to test out all of the sequences and plan that they have for the rover before they send them up to Perseverance on the surface of Mars.  Also, if they have a problem with Perseverance it gives them a place to practice how they recover from that problem.  

Personally, for me, I would not like to become an astrobiologist.  I like science but not that much.  I like the simple questions of why and how does it work.  I’m not entirely sure that we as humans are meant to be on any other planet except earth.  Earth has been here for many many years and seems to reset itself.  I don’t care why and will never know why in my lifetime.  I’s just not something that I like to considerate doing as a career.

NASA is targeting no earlier than April 8 for the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter to make the first attempt at powered, controlled flight of an aircraft on another planet. Before the 4-pound (1.8-kilogram) rotorcraft can attempt its first flight, however, both it and its team must meet a series of daunting milestones.

Ingenuity remains attached to the belly of NASA’s Perseverance rover, which touched down on Mars Feb. 18. On March 21, the rover deployed the guitar case-shaped graphite composite debris shield that protected Ingenuity during landing. Ingenuity is battery powered and completely sef recharging from the solar panel on the top.  The rover currently is in transit to the “airfield” where Ingenuity will attempt to fly. Once deployed, Ingenuity will have 30 Martian days, or sols, (31 Earth days) to conduct its test flight campaign.  All data and pictures will  be transmitted to Perseverance and then uploaded for all to see.

Julio is studying the evolutionary history of desert cottontail rabbits, sea otters, and grizzly bears. All three species share some body structures, but all three also have some differences in their body structures. Below is a table that includes some of the body structures Julio is studying. How could Julio explain why all three species share some body structures and have some differences? Why do only grizzly bears and sea otters have canine teeth?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

One way that Julio can explain such differences is that their environments are very similar and therefore the traits that were best suited for their survival were passed on from generation to generation. The traits that each species developed differently would have been due to their diet. Each species has a different diet and certain traits allow them to more easily hunt/gather the food that they need to survive. For example, grizzly bears and sea otters both eat fish as their main diet and therefore have both developed canine teeth, while rabbit teeth are different due to them only eating vegetation.

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