The Possible sub-claim in relation to Investigating Energy Systems is the Solar Cell System does have energy.
Evidence is that -
As the sun shines on a solar panel, energy is captured by the Photovoltaic cells on the panel. This is significant as it generates electrical charges which causes the flow of electricity.
These are accelerated by shifting an internal electrical field within the cell. Therefore, a solar cell system is one that has amount of energy.
A solar cell is also known as a photovoltaic cell. It is an electrical device which uses a natural physical and chemical phenomenon, a photovoltaic effect to convert light energy directly into the electricity.
Solar cells are known as photovoltaic cells. These PV cells converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells produces electricity in remote locations which allows machines to be powered very far from the nearest electrical outlet. Solar cells are reliable and low-maintenance source of renewable energy.
Therefore, A PV cell can reflect and absorb, or pass via light that strikes it. The semiconductor material in PV cell conducts electricity better than an insulator.
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Sergeant Jeffers likes to use a photo array when he is conducting an investigation. Because of this, what is he MOST likely to do in his current case?
A.
He uses a 35mm camera, a digital camera, and a video camera at the scene.
B.
He takes photos of every piece of evidence before it is sent to the lab.
C.
He has a sketch artist draw the subject based on descriptions.
D.
He asks eyewitnesses to pick out the subject from many options.
He takes photos of every piece of evidence before it is sent to the lab is what Sergeant Jeffers who likes photo array will do in this case and is denoted as option B.
What is Investigation?This is defined as the process in which something is examined and it is usually accompanied with thorough search for facts so as to get accurate and meaningful results.
The use of photo arrays for investigation means that photos of every piece of evidence is taken which is worked on by the professional through series of techniques so as to catch the culprit and ensure justice is served.
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In the reaction of magnesium nitrate (aq) and sodium hydroxide (aq), the spectator ions are:
Answer:Magnesium nitrate will react with sodium hydroxide to form magnesium hydroxide and sodium nitrate.
Explanation:
In the longstanding war between coyotes and sheep ranchers in New Mexico, studies show that coyotes kill sheep. The percentage of sheep lost from
herds in areas where coyotes have been exterminated (killed off) is about the same as the percentage lost in areas where coyotes are still present.
What is the most likely explanation for the similarity on the percentage of sheep lost in bother areas. Coyotes were protective sheep. Another predator it was killing sheep. Did she die from overcrowding. Coyotes we’re praying on sicker week sheep
In the longstanding war between coyotes and sheep ranchers in New Mexico, studies show that coyotes kill sheep. The most likely explanation for the similarity in the percentage of sheep lost in other areas is that Another predator was killing sheep. Option B
This is further explained below.
What is a predator?Generally, A biological relationship known as predation occurs when one creature, known as the predator, hunts down and consumes another organism, known as the prey.
It belongs to the same group of common feeding behaviors as parasitism, micropredation, and parasitoids. Parasitism is a subtype of parasitoids.
In conclusion, Studies have shown that coyotes are the aggressors in the conflict that has been going on for a long time in New Mexico between sheep farmers and coyotes.
The hypothesis that another kind of predator was responsible for the loss of sheep in the same proportion in other locations is the one with the highest probability of being correct. Alternative B
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Calculate the mass of water produced if 12.1 g of ethanol (C2H6O) undergoes the reaction below:
C2H6O (l) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
The mass of water produced if 12.1 g of ethanol (C₂H₆O) undergoes the reaction is 14.2 g.
Ethanol is a natural compound. it is simple alcohol with the chemical components C₂H₆O. Its formula may be also written as CH₃−CH₂−OH or C₂H₅OH. Ethanol is a risky, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and smelly taste.
Ethanol is used in the manufacture of medication, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics. Ethanol is used in medicine as a topical antiinfective, and as an antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol overdose.
Balancing the reaction,
C₂H₆O (l) + 3O₂ (g) → 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (l)
Mass of ethanol given = 12.1g
the molar mass of ethanol = 46 g
Therefore given mole = 46/12.1
= 3.80 mole.
1 mole of ethanol = 3 moles of H₂O
∵ 46 g of ethanol = 54g of water
∴ 12.1 g of ethanol = 54g / 46 g × 12.1 g
= 14.2 g of ethanol produced.
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30cm3 of 0.1m HCl (aq) were titrated against 25cm3 of a solution containing 15.0g/dm3 of a mixture of NaCl and KHCl and KHCO3.
1.Calculate concentration of KHCO3 in mol/dm3
2.Mass of KHCO3 in g/dm3
3.Percentage Purity of KHCO3
Titration is a common laboratory method for quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The reagent, sometimes referred to as the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution with a specified concentration and volume.
Titration is the continuous addition of one solution with a known concentration (referred to as a titrant) to a known volume of another solution with an unknown concentration when a reaction reaches neutrality, which is occasionally marked by a color change.
Utilizing methyl orange indicator, a sodium carbonate solution and a hydrochloric acid solution can be titrated. The solution will be mildly acidic at the end point when a weak base is titrated with a strong acid. The solution becomes slightly basic when a weak acid is titrated with a strong base because the salt that results will partially hydrolyze.
Below is a list of the chemical processes that took place during this titration.
NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O → Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)
CO2(g) + H2O → CO32-(aq) + 2H+(aq)
Acid and base titrations have an end point when the acid and base amounts are chemically identical. When a strong acid and a strong base are titrated, the solution neutralizes at the end point.
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Convert
21 miles/hr to cm/s
Show two digits after decimal.
By converting 21 miles/hr to centimeter we get :
938.784 cm/s
Explanation:Miles per hour is a unit of speed that expresses the distance traveled in miles in one hour. The mile per hour is a customary and imperial unit of speed in the United States. Miles per hour is commonly abbreviated as mph, but it is also abbreviated as mi/h or MPH. 1 mile per hour, for example, can be written as 1 mph, 1 mi/h, or 1 MPH.The following formula can be used to calculate miles per hour:
dmi /thr = vmph
Distance in miles divided by time in hours equals velocity in miles per hour.Steps to convert miles per hour to cm :
Multiply the speed by the conversion ratio to convert a mile per hour measurement to a centimeter per second measurement.Because one mile per hour equals 44.704 centimeters per second, you can convert using this simple formula:44.704 centimeters per second = miles per hourThe speed in centimeters per second is calculated by multiplying the miles per hour by 44.704.To convert 21 miles/hr to cm/s:
21 mph =
= (21 × 44.704)
= 938.784cm/s
21mph is 938.784cm/s
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Multiply 643.78 quarts by 4.3562. What is the answer in the correct significant figures?
Calculated with significant figures is 2804.4, which contains 5 sig figs and 1 decimal.
Three rules are used to determine the number of significant digits Non-zero numbers are always valid. All zeros between two significant digits are valid. Only trailing zeros or trailing zeros in the fractional part are significant. Enter a number or formula to calculate the number of digits and decimal places in your answer. contains 1 significant digit.
All zeros between two non-zero digits are valid. For example, 108.0097 contains 7 significant digits. Zeros to the right of the decimal point and to the left of non-zero digits have no meaning. For example, 0.00798 contained 3 significant digits. For example, the 3-digit power of 20,499 is 20,500. The first digit to round down is 9 so round up. 0.0020499 to 3 significant digits are 0.
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4.
5.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of chemistry.
A student prepares two 141-gram
mixtures, A and B. Each mixture consists
of NH4Cl, sand, and H₂O at 15° C. Both
mixtures are thoroughly stirred and allowed
to stand. The mass of each component used
to make the mixtures is listed in the data table below
(A) Sand is un soluble in water . NH4Cl is soluble in water.
(B) Mixture b is a type of heterogenous mixture.
What is a heterogenous mixture?A mixture with an inhomogeneous composition is referred to be heterogeneous. There are at least two distinct phases that continue to exist with distinct features that vary in composition from one place to another. It is possible to distinguish the individual components of a heterogeneous mixture by looking at a sample.
The concept of a heterogeneous mixture is somewhat different in physical chemistry and materials science. A homogeneous mixture in this context is one in which each component is in a single phase, as opposed to a heterogeneous mixture, which has components in many phases.
A mixture is any combination of two or more chemically unaltered, pure substances that has not been altered in any way from its original state. Unlike other types of combinations, heterogeneous ones do not blend and have an uneven makeup.
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List four types of observations that indicate when a chemical change has occurred.
Four types of observations that indicates occurring of a chemical change are -
Change in ColorExothermic reaction - Large amount of heat is given offPrecipitation reaction - Precipitate is formedRelease of gas - Gas is given off when chemical change occursWhen a chemical change occurs, color of the product is changed. Chemical change is an irreversible change. It cannot be undone as physical change.
A chemical change is an exothermic reaction. A large amount of heat is released when a chemical change occur. As the product formed in a chemical change is changed in its state, color, etc. which requires a large amount of heat.
Precipitate formation occurs in a chemical change as chemical change occurs in aqueous solution where two ionic bonds combine and forms insoluble salt called precipitate.
A chemical reaction releases off a gas. An example is reaction of baking soda and lemon juice. It releases carbon dioxide gas.
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What is the mass of 7.10 moles of magnesium chloride, MgCl₂?
Answer:
675.99 g
Explanation:
1 mole of MgCl2 = 24.31 + 2(35.45) = 95.21 g
so mass of 7.10 moles = 7.10 x 95.21 = 675.991 g or 675.99 g
If you dissolved 54 grams of ammonia in 100 grams of water at 400C would it be considered saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? Why?
How many grams of copper(II)sulfate would dissolve in 200g of water at 3○C?
How many grams of ammonia could be dissolved in 50g of water at 150C?
We have the responses as;
1) The solution is unsaturated
2) The solubility is 30 g of copper(II)sulfate
3) The solubility is 100g of ammonia
What is solubility?The term solubility has to do with the amount of solute that can dissolve in solution at a given temperature. Let us recall that a solution is composed of a solute and a solvent. The solvent is the medium wherein the solute is dissolved.
1) Given the fact that the solubility of ammonia in water at 40 degrees Celsius is actually about 300 g/L t the follows that If you dissolved 54 grams of ammonia in 100 grams of water at tat temperature, the solution is regarded as unsaturated.
2) if about 15 g of copper(II)sulfate dissolves in 100 g of water at 3○C
x would dissolve in 200 g of water
x = 15 g * 200 g / 100 g
x = 30 g of copper(II)sulfate
3) About 100g of ammonia could be dissolved in 50g of water at 150C.
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Now we will examine a more complex system. Watch the animation portraying the combustion of propane. The unbalanced chemical equation is given below.
__ C3H8(g) + __O2(g) → __CO2(g) + __H2O(ℓ)
Begin by balancing an element that appears in the fewest different formulas. What coefficient must be added to the CO2 to balance the element C?
By balancing the element that appears in the fewest different formulas of the combustion reaction of propane, the coefficient that must be added to the CO₂ to balance the element C is 3.
What is a combustion reaction?A combustion reaction is a reaction that involves the release of large amounts of heat and light energy.
Combustion reactions include the burning of hydrocarbons in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Considering the given question below:
What is the balanced equation of the reaction for the combustion of propane?
The balanced equation of the reaction for the combustion of propane is given below as follows:
C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) ---> 3 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O (l)
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Which of the following words/phrases can be used to describe table salt (NaCl)? Select all that apply.ElementCompoundPure substanceMixture
Let's see the definition of each concept:
An element is a substance only formed by atoms of the same element. For example, Na (sodium), O2 (oxygen), C (carbon).
A compound is a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements, through a chemical bond. For example, H2O (water), and CO2 (carbon dioxide).
A pure substance can be an element or a compound, which is alone in the media. For example, the O2 present in an oxygen bullet is pure, because it is only oxygen.
A mixture is when you have 2 or more elements or compounds present in the same media. For example, the air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
Then, the answer is that NaCl is a compound and a pure substance.
Identify the reactants and products,explain what the (aq) and (s) represent in the reaction in the washing machine
In a chemical reaction, usually, we have something very standard, whatever is on the left side of the arrow will be Reactant, and whatever comes after the arrow will be product, so for this reaction:
Na2CO3 (aq) + MgSO4 (aq) -> Na2SO4 (aq) + MgCO3 (s)
The reactants will be: Na2CO3 and MgSO4
The products will be: Na2SO4 and MgCO3
The aq or s representation means the physical state in which the compound will be found in water, if it is aq, this means that the compound will dissolve in water and it will be found in an aqueous state. If the letter is s, therefore the compound will be a solid in water, forming a precipitate.
Since we have a double change in the positions of the elements, this will be called a Double Displacement reaction, in which we have:
AB + CD -> AC + BD
True or false. An ion is an electrically neutral atom that has the same number of protons and neutrons
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Atoms are neutral Ions carry a charge. Take a look at the groups in the periodic table for extra help in understanding this.
Question 10 of 40
At equilibrium, a reaction vessel contains 4.50 atm of Br2 and 1.10 atm
of NBr3. According to the reaction: 2 NBr3 (g) = N2 (g) + 3 Br₂ (g) Kp = 4.8
Determine the equilibrium partial pressure of N2.
The equilibrium partial pressure of Nitrogen would be 0.0638 atm when a reaction vessel contains 4.5 atm of Br2 and 1.1 atm of NBr3.
What is equilibrium and equilibrium partial pressure and how it comes out to be 0.0638 atm for Nitrogen?As always studied in earlier classes equilibrium is a state of equality between the reactant and product .Equilibrium is a condition where the rate of formation of reactant is equal to the rate of formation of product.Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by individual molecule of the container contained gas.The total pressure is the total pressure exerted by total molecules of the container.Here Kp= P N2 x( P Br 2 )^3/ p ( NBr3) ^2, 4.8 = ( PN2) (4.50)^3/(1.10)^2 , 5.8.8 = 91.125 ( PN2) = 0.0638 atm.To know more about equilibrium pressure visit:
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Use this reaction to answer the questions and explain :
CO(g)+2H2(g)-CH3OH(g) Delta H= -91.8kJ
1- If the pressure increases, what is the effect on the value of the equilibrium constant k?
2- If the pressure increases, Will the concentration of H2 increase , decrease or stay the same ? Why?
1) If the pressure increases, the equilibrium constant K does not change.
2) If the pressure increases, the concentration of H₂ decreases.
The reaction is given by:
CO + 2H₂ ⇄ CH₃OH ΔH = -91.8 KJ
1) If the pressure increases, the equilibrium constant K does not change because the only factor affect the equilibrium constant k is the temperature.
2) If the pressure increases the equilibrium position shifted to right and increases the yield of product for this reaction .
p ∝ n
Thus, using the given reaction
CO + 2H₂ ⇄ CH₃OH ΔH = -91.8 KJ
1) If the pressure increases, the equilibrium constant K does not change.
2) If the pressure increases, the concentration of H₂ decreases.
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Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide, according to the following equation:
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
If 15 cm3 of 0.5 M HCl are exactly neutralized with 24 cm3 of solution of
KOH. What is the concentration of the KOH solution?
The concentration of KOH solution if 15 cm³ of 0.5 M HCl are exactly neutralised with 24 cm3 of solution of KOH is 0.313M.
How to calculate concentration?The concentration of a solution can be calculated by using the following formula;
C₁V₁/C₂V₂ = na/nb
Where;
C₁ = initial concentrationV₁ = initial volumeC₂ = final concentrationV₂ = final volumena = number of moles of acidnb = number of moles of baseAccording to this question, a reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide forms water and potassium chloride as follows:
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
This suggests that na and nb values are both 1.
15 × 0.5 = 24 × C₂
7.5 = 24C₂
C₂ = 7.5/24
C₂ = 0.313M
Therefore, the concentration of KOH solution if 15 cm³ of 0.5 M HCl are exactly neutralised with 24 cm3 of solution of KOH is 0.313M.
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A pH change can be evidence that
The pH change of a solution is practical evidence that a chemical change has occurred such that a solution is more acidic or basic.
What is meant by pH of a solution?The pH of a given solution can simply be defined as the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the solution indicating that the chemical composition of the substance has changed. The pH scale is from 0 to 14.
An acid is a substance which when dissolves in water, it produces hydrogen ion as the positive ion.A base or alkaline produces hydroxyl ion as the only positive ion when dissolved in water.So therefore, when the pH of a substance changes from one point to another, it confirms that it is either more basic or acidic.
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Someone please help me with this. . .
The rate constant for this first‑order reaction is 0.0960 s−1
at 400 ∘C.
A⟶products
After how many seconds will 11.6%
of the reactant remain?
The time taken for 11.6% of the products to remain is 22.4 s.
What is the rate of reaction?The rate of reaction is the rate at which the reactants are depleted from the system or the rate at which the products appear in the system. Now we have a first order reaction. Recall that the formula of the first order reaction is written as;
ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]o
ln[A] = concertation at time t
t = time taken
k = rate constant
[A]o = initial concentration
Given that;
[A] = 0.116[A]o and k = 0.0960 s−1
Then;
ln0.116[A]o = -0.0960t + ln[A]o
0.0960t = ln[A]o - ln0.116[A]o
0.0960t = ln([A]o/0.116[A]o)
0.0960t = ln(1/0.116)
0.0960t = 2.154
t = 2.154/0.0960
t = 22.4 s
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Why do gas particles spread out and occupy (take up) as much space as possible? (Why does it make sense that their volume can increase or decrease based on the size of their container?)
Gas particles have not definite volume, so they spread out and occupy much space as possible.
There's a great deal of empty space between particles, that have plenty of kinetic energy and are not particularly interested in each other. Gas particles circulate very fast and collide with one another, causing them to diffuse, or spread out until they're evenly distributed all through the quantity of the container.
A gas is depend that has neither a hard and fast extent nor a set form. rather, a gas takes each the quantity and the form of its container. It spreads out to take up all to be had area.
They don't have any precise volume. This means that gases always spread out in all instructions to fill the field into which they may be positioned. This spreading out of gases to fill all of the available space is referred to as diffusion. They may be compressed effortlessly.
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Because you want to study how botulinum toxin works, but you do not want to paralyze an animal, you decide to determine the effect of botulinum toxin on yeast. Botulinum toxin has a MW= 149323.05 and you have a 5ml stock bottle that contains 70% w/v botulinum toxin, 50mL of yeast growing in a liquid culture, and 25ml H2O. Your lab protocol performs treatments in 500µL samples.
The effect of botulinum toxin cannot be determined using a yeast.
Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It is a neurotoxin that affects the nervous system. It is done by inhibiting a chemical called as acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that carries the message from the brain. It relays the message thus resulting in movement. If it is inhibited, the person would be paralyzed.
Yeast is a single-celled organism. It does not have well-developed systems as in multicellular organisms. In addition to that, the test organisms used to measure the effect of toxicity should be similar genetically to humans which would result in higher efficiency.
Thus, yeast cannot be used to determine the effect of botulinum toxin
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24. Which of the following is an example of homozygous pure recessive?
A. TT
B. tt
C. Tt
D. Tall
TT is an example of homozygous pure recessive.
An homozygous trait is what?When the gene pairs (sometimes referred to as alleles) that regulate a trait's development are identical, the trait is said to be homozygous. Being heterozygous for a trait means having multiple alleles for that trait. A homozygous trait will always show itself in the same way.
Is TT homozygous and recessive?An organism could be homozygous dominant (TT) or homozygous recessive (RR) ( tt ). When an organism has two separate alleles (Tt) for the same gene, it is said to be heterozygous (hetero- means different).
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Gannymeade is the largest satellite (moon) in the Solar System, larger than the planet Mercury. Why is Gannymeade classified as a satellite instead of a planet?
Please help.
Ganymede is the largest satellite (moon) in the Solar System, larger than the planet Mercury. Ganymede is classified as a satellite instead of a planet as it orbits a planet, and not the Sun.
One has to directly orbit a star to be a planet, and Ganymede orbits a planet, Jupiter, therefore, it is not a planet but a satellite. Ganymede is a satellite as it has an irregular shaped orbit. Ganymede rotates at a faster speed than Mercury and it is composed of ice at the uppermost layer and beneath that is rock. Ganymede takes about seven Earth-days to orbit the planet Jupiter.Ganymede has a lower density even though it is larger in size. It is larger than the planet Mercury.To learn more about satellites,
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A gas has a temperature of 400. K, a pressure of 50.0 kPa, and a volume of 3.00 L. The volume is doubled while the temperature is held con- stant, and then the temperature is halved while the pressure is held constant. Use the gas laws to deter- mine the final temperature, pres- sure, and volume of the gas.
The, new volume is 1200 L and new pressure is 25 kPa.
Given, temperature = 400 K
Pressure = 50 kPa
Volume = 3 L
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V2 = V1×T2 / T1
V2 = 400× 6/ 2
V2 = 1200 L
Hence, new volume is 1200 L.
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P2 = P1 × T2/ T1
P2 = 50 × 1000 × 200/ 400
P2 = 25000 Pa
Hence, new pressure is 25 kPa.
A gas is a set of molecules that do not cohere strongly sufficient to form a liquid or a strong. The quantity of a gas is, so long as the molecules fit into it, the extent of the container preserving the gas. In different phrases, the extent of a gas isn't always a belongings of the gas immediately, however a belongings of the box.
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Heavy metal ions like lead(II) can be precipitated from laboratory wastewater by adding sodium sulfide, Na2S. Will all the lead be removed from 11.8 mL of 7.40×10-3 M Pb(NO3)2 upon addition of 13.7 mL of 0.0117 M Na2S? If all the lead is removed, how many moles of lead is this? If not, how many moles of Pb remain?
All the lead ions will not be removed and 6.502 ×10-8 moles of lead ions remain in solution.
The equation of the reaction is;
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2S(aq) ---------> PbS(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = concentration × volume
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 11.2 mL/100 × 7.10×10-3 M = 7.952 ×10-8 moles
Number of moles of Na2S = 12.4 mL/1000 × 0.0117 M = 1.45 × 10-8 moles
Since the reaction is 1:1, 7.952 ×10-8 moles of Pb(NO3)2 should react with 7.952 ×10-8 moles of Na2S in order to remove all the Pb^2+ ions but we have only 1.45 × 10-8 moles of Na2S hence all the lead ions will not be removed.
Amount of lead ions remaining = 7.952 ×10-8 - 1.45 × 10-8 moles
= 6.502 ×10-8 moles of lead ions
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Determine the number of atoms of C in 25.6 grams of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
There are 5.403×10[tex]^23[/tex] atoms of carbon in 25.6 grams of sucrose which is in relation with the number of moles.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass in grams present in one mole of atoms is its atomic mass.
Number of atoms of carbon can be determined by calculating number of moles of carbon which is 25.6/242.3=0.074 moles .As 1 mole has 6.022×10[tex]^23[/tex] atoms
∴0.074 moles has 4.503×10²² moles
Number of carbon atoms in 1 molecule of sucrose is 12
∴number of carbon atoms in 4.503×10²² molecules is 12×4.503×10²²=5.403×10²³ atoms
Therefore, there are 5.403×10²³ atoms in 25.6 g of sucrose.
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help me please if you can
nswer
C. Cr₂O₃ (s)
Explanation
[tex]Cr_2O_3(s)+2Al(s)\rightarrow2Cr(s)+Al_2O_3(s)[/tex]An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons; therefore, its oxidation state decreases.
A reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by losing electrons; therefore its oxidation state increases.
The simplest way to answer this is that the oxidizing agent is the substance that is reduced, while the reducing agent is the substance that is oxidized.
Therefore, CrA
A sample of gas has a volume of 2.50 L at 536 kPa and 75.0 °C. What is the pressure (in atm) of the gas if it expands to 3.75 L at 25.0 °C?
Answer:
P₂ = 1.18 atm
Explanation:
To find the final pressure, you need to use the Combined Gas Law equation:
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
In this equation, "P₁", "V₁", and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the final pressure, volume, and temperature. After plugging the given variables into the equation, you can simplify/rearrange the equation to solve for "P₂".
P₁ = 536 pKa P₂ = ? pKa
V₁ = 2.50 L V₂ = 3.75 L
T₁ = 75.0 °C T₂ = 25.0 °C
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex] <----- Combined Gas Law
[tex]\frac{(536 pKa)(2.50L)}{75.0^oC} =\frac{P_2(3.75 L)}{25.0^oC}[/tex] <----- Insert variables
[tex]17.87 =\frac{P_2(3.75 L)}{25.0^oC}[/tex] <----- Simplify left side
[tex]446.7 = P_2(3.75 L)[/tex] <----- Multiply both sides by 25.0
[tex]119 = P_2[/tex] <----- Divide both sides by 3.75
Finally, you need to convert the pressure from kilopascals (pKa) to atmospheres (atm).
101.3 pKa = 1 atm
119 pKa 1 atm
--------------- x -------------------- = 1.18 atm
101.3 pKa
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Combined Boyle's and Charles' gas law is used here. Therefore the new pressure of gas is 1.18 atm.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as
PV=nRT
where,
P = pressure of gas
V= volume of gas
n =number of moles of gas
T =temperature of gas
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
Combining Boyle's and Charles' gas law
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
{ (5.28atm) (2.50 L)} ÷348 K ={ (P2) (3.75 L)} ÷298 K
P2 =1.18 atm
Therefore the new pressure of gas is 1.18 atm when the temperature is changed to348K and volume is increased to 3.75 L.
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