The speed of all electromagnetic waves is equal to the speed of light that is 3 × 10⁸ m/s.
What is an electromagnetic wave?An electromagnetic wave is a wave of certain wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are different types of waves in the spectrum like IR, radio waves etc.
The speed of c of the wave is the product of its frequency and wavelength. The speed of all electromagnetic waves are equal to the speed of visible light.
Hence, the speed of both waves is 3 × 10⁸ m/s.
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Which of the elements shown below would you predict to be the most reactive? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Lithium is the most reactive out of them.
Explanation:
For this question, we will be looking at the valence electrons each one has. Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outermost electron shell (the outer circle around each of them).
Lithium has 2 electron shells: the innermost has 2 electrons (this circle can only hold up to 2 electrons), and the outermost circle has 1 electron (this circle can hold up to 8 electrons).
Helium has only 1 electron shell and within it, it has 2 electrons (remember this is the maximum amount this circle can take).
Argon has 3 electron shells: the innermost has 2 electrons (the maximum this circle can have), the middle one has 8 electrons (the maximum this circle can have), and the outermost circle has 8 electrons around it (this circle also holds a maximum of 8 electrons).
Now let's look at the electrons present only on the outer shell of each of them (these are called valence electrons).
Lithium has only 1 electron on its outermost shell but this shell can have up to 8 electrons.
Helium has 2 electrons, the maximum amount that circle can have.
Argon has 8 electrons, the maximum that circle can have.
-Every atom has the goal of wanting to be stable, by completing the maximum amount on their outermost shell by either gaining or losing electrons.
Since Helium and Argon already have the maximum amount of electrons their outermost circle can have, they are already stable and neither want to gain or lose electrons.
Lithium is our only option that has an incomplete outermost electron shell with only 1 out of the 8 electrons it can have.
It is easier for Lithium to give away that 1 electron it has and then have a complete inner-circle after giving out that 1 electron (it would then look like Helium), than to gain 7 electrons and complete the circle.
This is why Lithium is very reactive, because it is constantly looking to find someone to give away their electron to and become stable. Lithium also has a charge of (+1), which means that it gives away one of its electrons.
How did the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory clarify what Svante Arrhenius was not able to explain in his theory of acids and bases regarding ammonia?
The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory clarifies what Svante Arrhenius were not able to explain in their theory of acids and bases regarding ammonia as -
Svante Arrhenius theory states that -
In order for a substance to release H⁺ or OH⁻ ions, it must contain that very ion. But, this does not explain the weak base ammonia NH₃.
In Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory -
Acids are the proton donating group while bases are the proton accepting group.
Ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic compound. Ammonia is a gas which is colourles, it is strong, and has a pungent smell. Its chemical formula is NH₃.
Ammonia is a stable binary hydride. It is the most basic nitrogen hydride. It is a typical nitrogenous waste, specifically among aquatic organisms. It contributes to the nutritional requirements of terrestrial organisms. It acts as a forerunner to 45 percent of the food and fertilizers all over the world.
70% of ammonia with urea and di-ammonium phosphate, is used to create fertilizers. It is available in a variety of shapes and compositions. The pure ammonia is spread onto the ground.
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Given 6.00 moles of oxygen gas, O2 (g), how many liters will this sample occupy at STP?
A. 269 L
B. 67.2 L
C. 134 L
D. 22.4 L
Answer:
Explanation:
The only option that would have 6 moles is 67.2 L
In a parallel circuit with identical light bulbs, which of these is true? A A battery is not the source of voltage. B There is only one resistor, such as a light bulb. C The circuit is left open so that current cannot flow. D Adding more identical light bulbs will not change their brightness.
In a parallel circuit with identical light bulbs, the statement D is true. D Adding more identical light bulbs will not change their brightness.
A parallel circuit has two or more paths for modern to waft through. Voltage is equal across everything of the parallel circuit. The sum of the currents thru each route is equal to the entire modern that flows from the supply.
A parallel circuit has one feature: to preserve the power flowing while one pathway is interrupted. A top instance is mild furnishings that use more than one mild bulb. when an unmarried bulb within the fixture goes the light fixture maintains to operate.
In a chain circuit, the modern-day thru every one of the additives is the same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages throughout every issue. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across every one of the components is equal, and the total cutting edge is the sum of the currents via each element.
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describe how you can use the periodic table to charge of an ion?
Explanation:
To find the ionic charge of an element you'll need to consult your Periodic Table. On the Periodic Table metals (found on the left of the table) will be positive. Non-metals (found on the right) will be negative.
What species is represented by the following information?
p+=12 n°=14 e- =10 , The species that is represented here is ;
Mg2+.
What is Mg2+?Mg has the atomic number 12 assigned to it (magnesium). Because the number of electrons is two fewer than the number of protons, the answer is ten. As a result, the two electrons are lost by the concerned element (Mg) to give rise to the Mg2+ ion.Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are divalent cations that are required for many cellular functions. Mg2+ channels such as MgtE, a prokaryotic Mg2+ channel whose gating is regulated by intracellular Mg2+ levels, maintain Mg2+ homeostasis.Magnesium is a positive ion that is doubly charged.A magnesium atom's outer electron shell contains two electrons. When it becomes an ion, it loses both, leaving it with 12 positively charged protons and 10 negatively charged electrons. This results in a +2 positive charge.Because of the Magnesium Oxide layer, it is colorless, but burning Mg metal produces an intense white.
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What is the equation for kinetic energy?
KE=1/2 mV^2
m=mass
V=velocity
8. In the lab, you are asked to prepare 150 mL of an 85 g/L solution and then use the original
solution to make 500 mL of a 50 g/L solution.
a) How much solute is needed to prepare the original solution? (Think: C = M/V)
b) How much of the original solution (mL) is needed to make the diluted solution?
For the original solution,
Concentration = 85g/L = 85g/1000ml
Required Volume = 150ml
(a)
Concentration = Mass/Volume
⇒ 85g/1000ml = Mass of the solute/150ml
⇒ Mass of the solute = 85 x 150/1000
⇒ Mass of the solute = 12.75 grams
Hence, 12.75 grams of the solute is required to prepare the original solution.
(b)
Now,
Concentration of the original solution = 85g/L = M1
Required concentration = 50g/L = M2
Final Volume = 500 ml = V2
Required Volume from the original solution = V1 =?
As we know,
M1V1 = M2V2
Hence,
85g/L x V1 = 500 ml x 50g/L
⇒ V1 = 500 X 50 / 85
⇒ V1 = 294.11 ml
Therefore, 294.11 ml of the original solution is required to make the diluted solution.
What is a Stock solution?A stock solution is a very potent mixture. These solutions are quite helpful since we may take a small amount of the stock solution and dilute it to the required concentration. These ready-to-use chemical reagents can be prepared quickly thanks to these stock solutions. It also aids in material conservation. As a result, just the amount of stock and solvent required for the dilution process is consumed when utilizing a stock solution to low-concentrated solution. Because we simply need to dilute the stock solution instead of preparing the solution using many reagents and complex procedures, it is also crucial to conserve storage space. Additionally, it enhances experiment accuracy.A chemical reagent is present in vast quantities as a stock solution. It has a uniform concentration. Examples of typical stock solutions in laboratories are sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. These play a critical role in creating titration-related solution preparations.To learn more about the Stock solution, refer to:
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a commonly used biological buffer is a made from a weak acid/conjugate base pair called ""tris"". the pka for tris acid is 8.06. you have 1.00 liters of a solution where the concentration of tris acid (ha) is 0.200 m and the concentration of tris base (a-) is 0.150 m. what is the ph of the solution?
The pH of the solution is 7.94 if the concentration of the tris acid is 0.200m and the concentration of the conjugate base is 0.150m.
The pH of this buffer can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation according to which the pH is equal to the sum of the pKa value and the log of the concentration of conjugate base divided by the concentration of the weak acid.
This equation can be represented as;
pH = pKa + log ([conjugate base] ÷ [weak acid])
Substituting the given values into this equation to find the pH;
pH = 8.06 + log([0.150] ÷ [0.200])
pH = 8.06 + log(0.75)
pH = 8.06 + (-0.125)
pH = 7.94
Therefore the pH of this solution is calculated to be 7.94.
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An atom of Iron contains 27 neutrons. What is its mass number?
Answer:
53
Explanation:
Iron has atomic number of 26
so mass number is 26 + 27 = 53
Iron atoms contain 27 neutrons. It has a mass of 53.
What is mass number?Rutherford demonstrated that an atom's nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, contains the vast bulk of the atom's mass. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is referred to as the mass number. The atomic number (number of protons and neutrons) and their sum can be used to compute it.Mass number = atomic number + number of neutron. All atoms of an element have the same amount of protons, although they can have different numbers of neutrons. As a result, various isotopes of the same element can have different mass values.An electron weighs practically nothing. As a result, an atom's atomic mass and mass number are practically equal.Therefore,
Mass number= no. of proton + no. of neutrons
Atomic number= no. of proton = 26
Mass number = 26+27
= 53
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I need help to answer this question. I don’t understand how to do this.
Answer: Gains an extra electron in 2p orbitals it's option Y (1s²,2s², 2p⁶
It is an active ingredient in some oral anesthetics used in sore throat sprays. What is the molar mass of phenol? please answer in g/mol to the nearest whole number.
Phenol has a molar mass of 94.11 g/mol.It is an active ingredient in many oral anesthetics that is used in sore throat sprays.
To calculate molar mass the following steps must be followed:
1) Divide the molar mass of phenol by the molar mass of carbon. This will give you the number of moles of carbon in phenol.
2) Add the number of moles of carbon to the number of moles of hydrogen. This will give you the total number of moles in phenol.
3) Multiply the total number of moles by the molar mass of carbon.
This will give you the molar mass of phenol.
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which solution is a buffer? which solution is a buffer? a solution that is 0.100 m in hno2 and 0.100 m in hcl a solution that is 0.100 m in hno2 and 0.100 m in nano2 a solution that is 0.100 m in hno3 and 0.100 m in nano3 a solution that is 0.100 m in hno2 and 0.100 m in nacl
The solution that is a buffer is a solution that is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.100 M in NaNO₂ .
A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, must be combined to create a buffer solution. Only HNO2 (Weak Acid) and NaNO2 are included in the list as an acid and its conjugate base (Conjugate Base). Given that all concentrations are equivalent, the pH of this solution would be the same as the pKa of HNO2 (3,15).
Acids that don't entirely dissociate in solution are referred to as weak acids. In other words, any acid that is not a strong acid qualifies as a weak acid. The amount of dissociation determines how strong an acid is; the more dissociation, the stronger the acid.
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does backing contains metallic and non-metallic elements? which ones are which?
what is the identity of the element that produced the unknown emission spectrum and what information does the spectrum give about the source of the element?
Each atom has a wide range of potential electron transitions. There is a distinct energy differential for each transition. An emission spectrum is made up of these transitions. Similar to how fingerprints are unique to individuals, these emission spectra are to each element.
What is emission spectrum?
The electromagnetic radiation spectrum produced when an electron changes from a high energy state to a lower energy state is known as the emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound. The energy difference between the two states is equal to the photon energy of the emitted photon.
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You will be preparing dilutions of the stock solution and measure their absorbances. According to beer’s law, predict how the absorbance of the stock solution will compare to the measured absorbances for the diluted solution.
Answer: As a solution is diluted, the absorbance of the solution is decreased
Explanation: As a solution is diluted, the absorbance of the solution is decreased. The concept of dilution relates molar concentration and volume.M1V1=M2V2. If a 1.0 liter of a 1.0 molar solution is diluted to 2.0 molar solution, the new molar concentration is 0.50. The new concentration has been reduced by one half as the volume was doubled.Beer's law relates the concept of concentration and absorbance. According to this law, absorbance and concentration are directly proportional. If you increase the original concentration, the absorbance increases and if you dilute the solution(which means you decrease the original concentration), the absorbance will decrease in direct proportion. ;)
According to the Beer's law the absorbance of solution is directly proportional to concentration,hence on dilution the concentration decreases which decreases absorbance on a whole.
What is Beer's law?The Beer's law states that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of a solution that is,A∝C .Most substances follow Beer's law from low to moderate temperature ranges only.It is not followed well in case of saturation effects which are present in highly concentrated samples.
Due to the direct relation between absorbance and concentration , absorbance is preferred over transmittance for recording the spectra.
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Please answer most of the questions.
The statement one is incorrect because the elements in periodic table has some similarities between them they are not completely different from each other.
How come metals are reactive?The difference in stability between the electron configurations of metals as atoms and as ions is what causes metals to be reactive. Since they are all metals, when they interact, positive ions are produced.
The second statement is right and third statement is wrong because the most reactive group is group 1 or group 7 because group 1 wants to lose one electron to become stable and halogens want to gain one electron to become stable. Chlorine belongs to group 17 halogens , it is reactive.Krypton is noble gas it is very less reactive.Magnesium belongs to alkaline earth metal . Sodium , potassium and lithium are in one group that is alkali metals.Potassium caught fire easily so it is kept in kerosene , Sodium fizzed a lot and lithium fizzed bit.Ceisum would explode .To learn more about metals refer
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calculate the molar concentration of the solution formed when 8g of sodiumhydroxide is dissolved in 1dm³of water
Answer:
wow I can't believe you. your cheating I'm giving you a f on this. unless you tell me in front of the class that you cheated. I'm joking man but seriously I don't know
Read this excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change by Sue Macy.
Some attribute the breakthrough to Ernest Michaux, a French carriage maker, though others credit Pierre Lallement, who worked for him. At any rate, the new velocipede was propelled by pedals and cranks attached directly to the axel of the front wheel, which was slightly larger than the wheel behind it. Forward progress could be stopped or slowed by pedaling backward. However, with iron tires and only an ineffective steel spring under the seat to absorb bumps in the road, this velocipede was a challenge to ride. It quickly earned the nickname "boneshaker."
Which signal word(s) from the excerpt suggest a change of direction?
some
at any rate
forward progress
however
The word "however" from the passage from Sue Macy's book Wheels of Change denotes a shift in strategy. As a result, Option D is the appropriate statement.
What does Wheels of Change's theme entail?
The narrative "Wheels of Change" has as its central message that you should no longer be frightened to speak up for yourself and other people. This was demonstrated as girls' racing gained popularity.
Cycling has gotten more violent, and males have developed a strong concern about girls getting their rights. The Springfield Bicycle Club was established in 1881. While giving back to the community, Wheels of Change empowers citizens, boosts self-esteem, AND offers worthwhile transitional work. For $13/hour, Wheels of Change offers temporary jobs to people staying at the Temporary Bridge Shelter program run by Alpha Project.
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What are some properties of plasma?
Plasmas are less dense than solids or liquids and have no set shape or volume. Plasmas are made up of atoms with some or all of their electrons stripped away and positively charged nuclei, known as ions, roaming freely.
What is plasmas?Plasmas is defined as a type of substance in which numerous electrons freely roam around the nuclei of the atoms.
Plasma has been referred to as the fourth state of matter, alongside solid, liquid, and gas.
When one or more electrons are ripped from an atom, they form a plasma.
Thus, plasmas are less dense than solids or liquids and have no set shape or volume. Plasmas are made up of atoms with some or all of their electrons stripped away and positively charged nuclei, known as ions, roaming freely.
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two chemicals a and b are combined to form a chemical c. the rate, or velocity, of the reaction is proportional to the product of the instantaneous amounts of a and b not converted to chemical c. initially, there are 100 grams of a and 50 grams of b, and for each gram of b, 2 grams of a is used. it is observed that 25 grams of c is formed in 7 minutes. how much is formed in 28 minutes? (round your answer to one decimal place.)
Answer:
A + B = C reaction decreases as time passes and the reactants get used up. r = -kAB during reaction A converts 2x while B converts x to form 3x of C let's say y = C y = 3x amount of reactants not converted yet , for A: 100 - 2x for B: 50 - x variatio
Explanation:
How many of each element would you find in AI(NO3)3?
a. Aluminum : _________
b. Hydrogen : __________
c. Oxygen : _____________
Answer:
you will find 3 in aluminium
hydrogen should be b 3
and oxygen is 9
the element tellurium forms a(n) with the charge fill in the blank 2. the symbol for this ion is , and the name is fill in the blank 4 ion. the number of electrons in this ion is .
The element tellurium forms an ion with the charge of +4.
The symbol for this ion is Te⁴⁺ and the name is tellurium ion.
The number of electrons in this ion is 48 electrons.
What are ions?Ions are substances that are formed when atoms of elements gain or lose electrons.
There are two types of ions based on the charge the ions carry:
Cations - they have a positive charge; for example, calcium ion, Ca²⁺, ammonium ion, NH₄⁺Anions - they have a negative charge; for example Chloride ion, Cl⁻, tetraoxosulfate (vi) ion, SO₄²⁻Metallic atoms form cations by losing one or more electrons.
Non-metallic atoms form negative ions by gaining one or more electrons.
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Which of the following examples is evidence of a physical change?
A: A person inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide and water.
B:Ice cream melts in a bowl.
C:A silver spoon tarnishes over time.
D:An electrical current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.
In the given examples ice cream melts in a bowl is an example of a physical change.
A physical change occurs when a substance transforms from one state to another i.e., the change only affects its physical properties like color, volume, shape, and phase changes.
Using water as an example, if we have it at room temperature, it is a clear liquid. If we decrease the temperature below the freezing point, the water freezes and forms ice. If we increase the temperature above the boiling point, the water turns into a gas(steam). We can see that in all three forms, the water is still composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Nothing is added or subtracted from it, which means the chemical composition stays the same. The transformation of water from liquid to solid or gas is an example of a physical change.
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Of the 6 carbons in a starting molecule of glucose, at the completion of pyruvate oxidation _____ carbons are fully oxidized to _____, while _____ carbons remain in _____.
Of the 6 carbons in a starting molecule of glucose, at the completion of pyruvate oxidation, two carbons are fully oxidized to CO2, while four carbons remain in acetyl groups.
This is further explained below.
What are acetyl groups.?Generally, The acetyl group is a functional group that is used in organic chemistry.
Its chemical formula is [tex]COCH_3,[/tex] and its structural formula is [tex]CCH_3.[/tex]Occasionally, the sign Ac will be used to symbolize it.
In the nomenclature used by the IUPAC, acetyl is referred to as ethanol, despite the fact that very few people actually use this name. A methyl group is found inside the acetyl group, and it is single-bonded to a carbonyl.
In conclusion, At the end of the pyruvate oxidation process, two of the six carbons that were present in the glucose molecule at the beginning are converted into carbon dioxide, while the other four carbons are still present as acetyl groups.
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Given: 0.156M C2H4O260mL H2O4.17 pKaIn a NaOH and C2H4O2 titration
ANSWER
STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION
an aqueous solution containing 9.63 g of an optically-pure compound was diluted to 2.00×102 ml with water and placed in a 20.0 cm long polarimeter tube. the measured rotation was −2.67° at 25° c. calculate the specific rotation of the compound.
Based on the optical rotation equation, the specific rotation of the compound is -27.73 °C*mL/g*dm,
The optical rotation equation looks like this:
α = [α] * c * l
α - measured optical rotation (-2.67°)
[α] - specific rotation of the compound, temperature, and wavelength used, usually in °C, although more accurately in °C*mL/g*dm
c - concentration of the compound in g/mL (9.63 g / 200 mL = 0.04815 g/mL)
l - length of the polarimeter cell in dm (20.0 cm = 2.00 dm)
If we transform the equation we get:
[α] = α / (c * l) = -2.67° / (0.04815 g/mL * 2.00 dm) = -27.73 °C*mL/g*dm
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Read this paragraph.
Omar is looking forward to summer. He’ll be in the Juniors group on his swim team, and he expects the tough competition will help him improve his backstroke time. He is also looking forward to a trip to the mountains with his grandparents. If he can save $75 before the trip, he wants to try the mountain zip line described as "not for the faint of heart.” Unfortunately, Omar’s earning potential is limited. At 14 years old, it’s tough to get a "real” job, and the other prospects are limited. Omar asked a few neighbors about mowing their yards, but everyone prefers to mow their own. He has considered offering babysitting services to his aunt, but the thought of watching his wild little cousins is not appealing.
Omar is facing a problem with
.
Omar is facing a problem with money.
Is earnings the same as profit?
Businesses typically use earnings and revenue to describe their financial performance over a period of time. Profit and turnover are the two most valuable numbers in a company's financial statements.
Revenue is the total money a company earns from the sale of goods and services. Income is called the top line because it is at the top of the company's income statement, which also refers to the company's gross sales. Income is the income received before expenses are deducted. Turnover is also called turnover in some companies, because turnover includes potential returns from customers.
Profit, on the other hand, reflects the bottom line of the income statement and is the profit the company earned during the period. The profit indicator is entered in the net result of the profit and loss statement. When investors and analysts talk about a company's performance, they are talking about the company's net income or earnings.
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calculate (a) the (molar) gibbs energy of mixing, (b) the (molar) entropy of mixing when the two major components of air (nitrogen and oxygen) are mixed to form air at 298 k. the mole fractions of n2 and o2 are 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. is the mixing spontaneous?
The entropy of mixing of nitrogen and oxygen gases of mole fractions of 0.78 and 0.22 respectively is -4.34 J and the molar Gibbs energy of mixing is - 1295.7 J. Negative sign of Gibbs energy indicates that the reaction is spontaneous.
What is spontaneous reaction?A spontaneous reaction is the one which occurs naturally without any urge or external factor or force. Spontaneity of a reaction can be determined from the Gibbs energy of the reaction. If Gibbs energy is negative then, the reaction is spontaneous and if positive reaction will be non- spontaneous.
Entropy of mixing is calculated using the mole fractions of the two gases Xa and Xb as written as follows:
ΔSmix = R (Xa in Xa + Xb in Xb).
Where R is the universal gas constant equal to 8.314 J/(K mol)
We have the mole fraction of nitrogen and oxygen in the reaction. Apply these values to the equation as follows:
ΔSmix = 8.314 (0.78 ln 0.78 + 0.22 ln 0.22)
= -4.34 J
Molar gibbs energy of mixing = RT (Xa in Xa + Xb in Xb).
Thus ΔGmix = TΔSmix
= 298 K × -4.34 J
= -1295.7 J.
Therefore, the reaction of mixing of nitrogen and oxygen is spontaneous.
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If the acetic acid being titrated here were replaced by hydrochloric acid, would the amount of base needed to reach the equivalence point change?.
yes, the equivalence point would change as acetic acid is a weak acid and dissociates partially but hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and dissociates completely.
Between equivalence and endpoint, what is the difference?Equivalence and endpoint differ primarily in that the former refers to the point at which a chemical reaction ends and the latter, to the time at which a system's color changes.
Define equivalence point.When enough titrant has been administered to entirely neutralize the analyte solution in a titration, this is known as the equivalence point. The titrant (standard solution) has a molecular weight that is equal to the moles of the solution with the unknown concentration.
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